The document discusses the fate and transport of pesticides in the environment. It describes how pesticides can be broken down through processes like photodegradation, microbial breakdown, and chemical breakdown. It also explains how pesticides can be transferred in the environment through processes like volatilization, runoff, spray drift, leaching, uptake, and adsorption. It then discusses the use of computer models to simulate the movement and behavior of pesticides in soils, water, and air.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
This presentation highlights how synthetic pesticides affect human, animals and environment directly and indirectly. It also sheds light on what happens when the synthetic pesticides are used and how they get on non target organisms. It is worth noting that they can remain in the soil and water for a relatively long time. As much as possible, we should use them according to the instructions given and only use them when it is necessary. One can also consider other pest control measures like integrated pest management that is much safer.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
This presentation highlights how synthetic pesticides affect human, animals and environment directly and indirectly. It also sheds light on what happens when the synthetic pesticides are used and how they get on non target organisms. It is worth noting that they can remain in the soil and water for a relatively long time. As much as possible, we should use them according to the instructions given and only use them when it is necessary. One can also consider other pest control measures like integrated pest management that is much safer.
pollution due to usage of pesticides on human health and environment alternatives, and effectiveness of alternatives are discussed in this presentation
Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock from the agricultural industry. This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and waterways.
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
Agriculture & environmental pollution_Dr Harikumar (The Kerala Environment Co...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Harikumar, Scientist, CWRDM made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Enviroment and Development provides information about the pollutants in the environmental sectors produced as a consequence of agricultural activities
pollution due to usage of pesticides on human health and environment alternatives, and effectiveness of alternatives are discussed in this presentation
Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock from the agricultural industry. This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and waterways.
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
Agriculture & environmental pollution_Dr Harikumar (The Kerala Environment Co...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Harikumar, Scientist, CWRDM made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Enviroment and Development provides information about the pollutants in the environmental sectors produced as a consequence of agricultural activities
Phytoremediation /ˌfaɪtəʊrɪˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/ (from Ancient Greek φυτό (phyto), meaning 'plant', and Latin remedium, meaning 'restoring balance') refers to the technologies that use living plants to clean up soil, air, and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants.
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Biological wastes of Livestock and poultry and disposal through different way...Sarzamin Khan
Different biological wastes are produced during livestock and poultry production and processing. These wastes need proper disposal and recycling for keeping the environment and surrounding free of their damages. All the details are given for adoption according to the global rules and regulations
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. • Pesticides are chemical compounds
that are used to kill pests, including
insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted
plants.
Pesticide
• Life cycle of a chemical (pesticide) or
biological (enzyme) pollutant after
its release in the environmentFate
4. FATE OF PESTICIDE IN
ENVIRONMENT
Break down Processes
• Photo Degradation
• Microbial Breakdown
• Chemical Breakdown
Transfer Processes
• Volatilization
• Run off
• Spray Drift
• Leaching
• Uptake
• Adsorption
5. UPTAKE
Uptake of pesticides and other chemicals into plants or
microorganisms
Pesticide residues may be broken down or remain inside the plant or
animal, when the animal dies or as the plant decays released back
It depends upon soil and pesticide properties and environmental
conditions
6. VOLATILIZATION
• Volatilization is the process of
conversion of solid or liquid
into gas, which can easily move
away from its initial application
site.
• Volatilization depends upon
temperature, humidity, air
movements and soil texture.
7. ADSORPTION
• The adsorption (Sticking) of pesticide occur
as a result of interaction between a chemical
and a soil particle.
• It depends upon the type of pesticide, soil
moisture, soil pH and soil texture
• Pesticides strongly adsorbed to the clay and
soil organic matter that do not readily leach
through the soil profile
8. RUN OFF
• Runoff is the movement of water over
the sloping surface that occurs when
water is applied faster than it enters
the soil
• Pesticide losses from runoff are
greatest when rains heavily right after
the spray
• The runoff of pesticide depend on
slope of the area, soil texture, moisture
and physiochemical properties of
pesticide
9. LEACHING
• Leaching refers to the movement of
pesticides through the soil rather than
over surface
• Groundwater contamination occur
through this
10. SPRAY DRIFT
• Spray drift is the airborne movement of
spray droplets away from a treatment
site during application
• It can contaminate water bodies, cause
harm to fish, aquatic plants and animals
• It depends on the droplet size, Wind
speed and the distance between the
nozzle and target plane
11. BREAK DOWN PROCESSES
Chemical
Breakdown
is the break down of pesticide by hydrolysis, oxidation-
reduction and ionization that usually happen through the
presence of acidity or alkalinity
Biological
Breakdown
is the result of microbial metabolism of pesticide, and is
often the main source of pesticide degradation
Photo
degradation
is the breakdown of pesticides by light and can occur on
foliage, on the surface of soil and in the air
13. TRANSPORT OF PESTICIDE IN AIR
• Pesticide emission occurs from plant canopy or soil surface to the
atmosphere.
• The emission potential depends upon the ratio of emission and the usage
of pesticide.
• Dry and wet deposition of the pesticide occur
14. TRANSPORT OF PESTICIDE IN SOIL
Once the pesticide is in the soil, it will most likely follow one of the three
pathway
• Moving through the soil with water
• Attaching to soil particles
• Being metabolized by microorganisms
Soil texture and structure plays a vital role in the transport processes of
pesticide.
15. TRANSPORT OF PESTICIDE IN
WATER
• Water transport of pesticide can occur through wet deposition, run off from
surfaces, infiltration of water through the grounds and open water currents
• Water that is moving at a high velocity can better carry heavier pesticides than
water that is slowly moving.
• Pesticides in Open water system may float, diffuse or deposit on the sediments at
the bottom of waterbody
• Pesticides that move from the ground surface through the soil may reach shallow
ground waters or deeper aquifer.
17. SPRAY PESTICIDE MODELS
• Spray pesticide models (Cheng, 1990) based on diffusion are available for
the design and evaluation of spray application systems to minimize aerial
drift and volatile losses as well as to elevate accurate targeting of the spray.
18. PESTICIDE RUNOFF MODELS
• Pesticide runoff models (Cheng, 1990) from the small plot to the watershed-
scales are being used to develop best-management practices.
• Initially the hydrologic processes that contribute to runoff and erosion were
determine. Then reactivity of pesticides were coupled to runoff models.
• These runoff models are more useful for evaluation of alternative
management strategies and are less useful for predictive purposes.
19. PESTICIDE LEACHING MODELS
• Conceptual screening models for pesticides typically consider solubility, sorption,
persistence, volatility, and mobility.
• Such models rank the behavior of the pesticide and its potential movement in soil.
• However, screening models are not environmental fate prediction models and are
inappropriate outside the idealized conditions that lead to their derivation.
20. PROCESS-BASED SIMULATION
MODELING
Process-based simulation modeling includes pesticide reactivity and transport
Recently, they have been extended and applied for management of larger-scale field
environments, for example,
The erosion/productivity impact calculator (EPIC) (Sharpley and Williams, 1990),
Groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems (GLEAMS) (Leonard
et al., 1987)
Pesticide root zone model (PRZM) (Carsel et al., 1984)
Leaching estimation and chemistry model—pesticides (LEACHM-P) (Wagenet and
Hutson, 1989).
21. REFERENCES
• Gavrilescu, M. (2005). Fate of pesticides in the environment and its
bioremediation. Engineering in Life Sciences, 5(6), 497-526.
• National Research Council. (1993). Soil and water quality: an agenda for
agriculture. National Academies Press.
• Seiber, J. N. (2002). Environmental fate of pesticides (pp. 127-161). Marcel Dekker:
New York.
• http://www.who.int/topics/pesticides/en/
