Farm river terms
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This document defines key terms related to rivers and river systems. It explains that a headwater is the source of a river, a tributary is a stream that flows into a larger body of water, and a meander is a winding curve in a river. It also defines other river-related terms like weathering and erosion, deposition, deltas, loads, watersheds, floodplains, rapids, flatwater, ox-bows, ox-bow lakes, sediments, confluences, mature rivers, and youthful rivers. The document provides brief definitions and explanations for each term.
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This document defines key terms related to rivers and their drainage basins, including drainage basin, watershed, source, mouth, tributary, and confluence. It describes the hydrological cycle within drainage basins and factors that influence river flow, such as inputs, outputs, evapotranspiration, interception, surface runoff, infiltration, throughflow, percolation, and groundwater flow. It also discusses flood hydrographs, methods of erosion and transportation, changes that occur from the upper to lower course, and causes and impacts of flooding.
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1) A river's potential energy comes from its height above sea level, while its kinetic energy comes from its movement. As a river flows through a channel, some energy is lost to friction with the bed.
2) A river's velocity and discharge (volume of water) vary based on the cross-sectional area and velocity of flow. Discharge is affected by changes in flow during floods and dry periods.
3) The roughness of a river bed affects how much friction is created between the water and bed, impacting the river's velocity and discharge. Manning's equation can be used to calculate discharge based on factors like slope, roughness, and cross-sectional area.
Erosion & deposition
The document discusses erosion and deposition processes caused by rivers. It describes the North Saskatchewan River and how river profiles can provide information about a river's characteristics. As a river's current slows, it begins to meander and form deltas near its mouth where it deposits sediment into lakes or oceans. Erosion occurs as water picks up sediments as it moves along surfaces, and deposition is when those sediments are eventually deposited in a resting spot. Both erosion and deposition shape the lithosphere.
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The document discusses factors that influence river discharge levels and hydrographs. It describes how amount and type of rainfall, temperature, previous weather conditions, relief, rock type, drainage density, soil type, land use, and slope can impact river discharge. It also defines key terms like hydrograph, rising limb, falling limb, lag time, and explains how these factors are illustrated on a hydrograph.
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When river discharge exceeds the channel's carrying capacity, floods occur as water rises over banks and onto floodplains. Hydrographs record river discharge over time and help predict flooding by showing discharge patterns in a drainage basin. A hydrograph's shape is influenced by various factors including area, slope, soil, land use, precipitation, and tides, which all interact and change along a river's course. Large basins, permeable rocks/soils, and dense forests tend to delay flooding while steep slopes, urbanization, and intense rains produce faster responses during storms.
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Floodplains form along river banks when flooding deposits sediment. Levees are natural embankments of coarser sediment deposited along river banks during floods. Braided rivers divide into small streams separated by islands of deposited gravel and sand within the channel. Deltas are flat lands formed of sediments deposited at river mouths, with distributaries transporting sediment into the sea.
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The document discusses rivers and seas. It defines key terms related to bodies of water like the hydrosphere, groundwater, ocean currents, erosion, sedimentation, transportation, and tides. It then explains the water cycle and how continental water, surface water, and groundwater originate from precipitation. Finally, it describes the three courses of a river - the upper, middle, and lower courses - and the geographic features typically found in each section as well as the erosion and sedimentation processes.
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1) Floodplains form through erosion and deposition as rivers carry large loads of sediment and widen their valleys over thousands of years.
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3. Rivers progress through youthful, mature and old stages based on factors like climate, gradient and load. Youthful rivers have steep gradients while old rivers are wide and form many meanders.
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1. Rivers carry out three main processes - erosion, transportation, and deposition. Erosion occurs as rivers wear away land, transportation is the movement of eroded sediments downstream, and deposition happens when sediments settle out of the river.
2. The speed of a river's flow is determined by factors like discharge, channel shape, roughness, slope, and gradient. Faster flows lead to turbulent patterns that can transport larger sediments, while slower flows result in deposition of sediments.
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Levees are naturally occurring ridges along river banks that are formed above the level of the floodplain. When a river floods, it leaves sediment thickest at the channel edges which raises the level of the banks, creating levees. Repeated flooding further increases the height of levees as more sediment is deposited, leaving the land within protected during subsequent floods.
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Groundwater is saturated rock and soil below the land surface. It is an important source of water for many uses. Water flows through porous materials like sand at different rates depending on the size and number of pores. The majority of groundwater is safe for use despite some texts exaggerating dangers. Groundwater is important for direct use, influencing landscapes, and providing water indirectly through baseflow to streams.
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This document provides examples of simple machines found around the home and describes how each machine works. It discusses the six simple machines: wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, pulley, screw, and lever. For each machine, 2-3 everyday items are given as examples, such as a door knob using a wheel and axle or stairs using an inclined plane. Additionally, compound machines like a stapler and can opener are described which use multiple simple machines working together.
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The document lists the results of a scavenger hunt for examples of simple machines found around a house and garage. It identifies gears in a clock and its backside in the living room, inclined planes in stairs, a fan, and levers in a light switch and baseball bat between the living room and garage. Pulleys were found in shoelaces and blinds in the living room. Screws, wedges, wheels and axles were also identified in various household objects and locations.
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The document identifies different simple machines and where they can be found. It notes that levers like scissors and switches are found in bedrooms and kitchens. Screws are found holding light bulbs and coins in bedrooms. Wheel and axles are seen in cars in garages and toilet paper rolls in bathrooms. Wedges like forks and knives are in kitchens. Inclined planes such as stairs and fan blades are in garages and bedrooms. Pulleys are seen in shoelaces in bedrooms. Compound machines include staplers with levers and wedges in bedrooms and bicycles in garages.
Simple machines
Here are the answers:
i) The simple machines discussed are lever, wedge, inclined plane, screw, wheel and axle, and pulley.
ii) Two examples of a lever are a see-saw and scissors.
iii) Some machines used at home include a sewing machine, washing machine, clock, scissors, spoon, and knife.
iv) A pulley is used for lifting heavy loads.
v) A knife and scissors are examples of machines used for cutting.
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This document discusses river landforms and processes. It begins with a longitudinal profile diagram showing how a river's gradient is steepest at the headwaters and gentlest near the base level. It also includes diagrams of drainage patterns and stream order. Common river features are described such as meanders, floodplains, levees, and the formation of ox-bow lakes. The four main methods of river erosion and three methods of sediment transportation are defined. River landforms like waterfalls and pot holes are also examined. The document concludes with descriptions of the different stages in river development from youth to maturity.
Landforms[1]
Rivers shape the land by eroding and depositing sediments over time. They cut valleys and canyons, form floodplains and deltas at their mouths. Running water is one of the most important forces changing Earth's surface. The land is made up of layers - the lithosphere is the outer rocky layer, the hydrosphere contains Earth's water, and the atmosphere is the blanket of gases. Together these systems continuously shape and resurface the planet.
Fresh Surface Water
Lakes are inland bodies of water formed in depressions where water collects. They are formed through processes like diastrophism, glacial action, and volcanic activity. Lakes provide many benefits like transportation, water storage, hydroelectric power, and recreation. Specific types of lakes include kettle lakes formed in depressions left by melting glaciers, tarn lakes in mountain hollows, and volcanic lakes that form in volcanic craters. Oxbow lakes form from river meanders that are cut off. Swamps occur in low-lying areas and transition between lakes and dry land depending on the season. Rivers are natural freshwater streams that flow towards seas, lakes or other rivers. Meltwater from glaciers feeds streams
Lesson plan 13 running water
This document discusses various landforms created by rivers, including V-shaped valleys, canyons, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, ox-bow lakes, and deltas. It provides definitions and examples of each landform. Experiments are suggested to observe water flow and erosion. Jog Falls in Karnataka is provided as an example of the largest waterfall in India. The document concludes with review questions about jog falls and ox-bow lakes, as well as a suggestion for a follow up activity to create a picture album of river landforms.
Rivers
Rivers go through three stages as they flow from their source to the sea - youthful, mature, and old. In the youthful stage, the fast-moving river erodes the landscape, creating V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls. During the mature stage, the river transports eroded material and deposits it, forming wider valleys, meanders, and flood plains. In the slow-moving old stage, deposition creates features like ox-bow lakes, levees, and deltas at the river's mouth. Rivers have long been important to people for transportation, water, and more recently, power generation through hydroelectric dams.
The life of a river.ppt
This document describes the water cycle and journey of a river from its source to the sea. It explains key terms like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. It also outlines the characteristics of the different courses a river takes - the upper course contains steep rapids and waterfalls, the middle course has meanders and ox-bow lakes, and the lower course forms deltas as it reaches the estuary and mouth where it empties into the sea.
Presentation (9)
A river flows from higher to lower ground, originating from mountains or glaciers and emptying into the sea. It has an upper course with swift flow and erosion, a middle course where speed reduces and meanders form, and a lower course where the river deposits silt and splits into distributaries to form deltas.
Rivers presentation
Rivers and streams begin as small tributaries that merge to form larger rivers as they flow downhill towards areas of lower elevation. They perform erosion by processes such as attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, and chemical solution, and transport sediment through dissolution, suspension, and along the stream bed. A stream's competence and capacity determine the size of materials it can carry. Channel morphology depends on factors like gradient and sediment load, resulting in narrow channels in steep upper reaches and wider braided or meandering patterns downstream. Within channels, features like bars, point bars, and floodplains form through sediment deposition during times of changing flow.
Geography as revision rivers floods and management
The document discusses key concepts related to physical geography and river flooding. It defines important terms like precipitation, infiltration, overland flow, and hydrographs. It describes the hydrological cycle within a drainage basin and factors that influence flooding, like vegetation, geology, and urbanization. Engineering strategies for flood management are outlined, including soft techniques like reforestation and hard techniques like dams and flood relief channels. Case studies on flooding in Hull, China, and Tewkesbury analyze both physical and human causes and impacts.
Tuesday may 3 surface waters
The document discusses surface water and river systems. It defines key terms like watershed, which is the land drained by a stream, and tributary, which are streams that join the main river. It also describes the major components of a river system, including the source where the river begins, usually in highlands, the mouth where the river ends in the sea, and the drainage basin that is drained by the river and its tributaries.
River
The document summarizes key aspects of river systems, including the hydrologic cycle, stream characteristics, erosion and deposition processes, landforms created in the upper, middle, and lower courses of rivers, and human impacts on rivers. It describes evaporation and precipitation cycles, stream velocity and types, erosion by abrasion and hydraulic action, transportation methods, meander formation, floodplain and levee development, and delta building where rivers enter seas. Finally, it discusses human reliance on and interference with rivers through activities like transportation, agriculture, power generation, and pollution.
How Do Rivers Shape The Land
Rivers shape the land through erosion and deposition as they flow from their sources downstream. In the upper course near the source, the river erodes steep V-shaped valleys due to its high gradient and velocity. In the middle course, meanders and oxbox lakes form as the river erodes the outside of bends and deposits sediment inside bends. In the lower course near the mouth, floodplains and deltas form as the river's velocity decreases and it deposits large amounts of sediment.
Running water-Geomorhology Chapter
Running water is the primary agent of erosion on Earth's surface, though its role is limited in some glaciated and desert areas. Streams erode through processes like abrasion, attrition, solution, and hydraulic action. As they flow downhill, their kinetic energy is used to transport sediment in suspension, saltation, traction, or solution. When the stream's energy decreases, such as when entering flatter terrain, sediment is deposited in features like point bars, floodplains, levees, meanders, and deltas. Meanders may be cut off over time, forming oxbow lakes.
The life of_a_river
The document describes the life cycle of a river from its source in the mountains to its mouth at the sea. It explains that water falls as precipitation and travels over land as runoff, joining other water flows to form rivers. Rivers begin in the mountains at their source and flow downhill, forming rapids and waterfalls in their upper course, meanders and oxbow lakes in their middle course, and deltas, estuaries, and reaching the sea at their mouth in their lower course. Along the way, tributaries join the main river as it drains the surrounding basin on its journey to the ocean.
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Farm river terms
- 1. RiveR TeRms
- 2. Index (click to jump to the term) • Headwaters • Tributary • Meander • Braided • Weathering and Erosion • Deposition • Delta • Load • Watershed Floodplain Rapids Flatwater Ox-bow Ox-bow lake Sediment Confluence Mature River Youthful river
- 3. Headwaters • n : the source of a river; “the little tributaries that are the start of the river”
- 4. Tributary • n. A stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water
- 5. Meander • v: To follow a winding and turning course • (not just any turn in a river, but one on level land)
- 6. Weathering & Erosion • Breakup of earth materials by physical and/or chemical means • Movement of said materials
- 7. Deposition • n 1: the natural process of laying down a deposit of something • What would a river deposit? • Where? • Why?
- 8. Ox-bow • n. A u-shaped bend in a river.
- 9. Oxbow lake
- 10. Delta n 1: a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water •What about the word delta?
- 11. Load • n. whatever the river is carrying in it • Such as???
- 12. Watershed: n. The whole region of land which contributes to the supply of a river or lake.
- 14. Floodplain • n. A plain bordering a river and subject to seasonal flooding.
- 15. Rapids • n. A fast moving part of a river
- 16. Flatwater
- 17. Gorge • –n 1. a narrow cleft with steep, rocky walls, especially one through which a stream runs
- 18. Sediment • The muck carried by the river that has settled to the bottom
- 19. Reservoir • a natural or artificial lake for collecting and storing water
- 20. Confluence • Place where streams or rivers come together
- 21. Mature River • A geology term. A mature section of a river is one that has certain characteristics (NOT AGE!)
- 22. Youthful river • A geology term. A youthful section of a river is one that has certain characteristics
- 23. Out behind the school… Use your river vocabularyUse your river vocabulary knowledge here!knowledge here!