F Connarus semidecandrus Jack - This plant was identified in the document as belonging to the Connaraceae family. The document provided a classification of plant families found in Thailand, listing scientific names of plants in each family. It included descriptions of morphological features of plants in each family and some key taxonomic groups.

3. F .
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ISBN: 974-286-026-2
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0 2636 6550 0 2238 1074

4. F F F 2 F F
F ˁ F F ˁ
F F F F F F ˁ F
F ˈ F 2 F F 1 F . . 2548 F
ˈ F F F ˁ F
F F ˁ F F
ˈ F F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
F F F
F F 2 F F F F 1
F F F F F F F
F F ˁ F ˈ F F
F F F 2 ˈ F F
F F
F F ˆ ˁ F ˈ
F F . F F F
F
( F )
F F ˁ F

5. F
F F F
F F F F F F
ˁ F F F F ˁ F F
ˈ F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F ˈ F 2
F F F F ˈ 47 F F F F
F F F F 2 ˈ F
F F F F F F F ˈ F
F F F ˁ F
F F F ˁ F F F F
F F ˁ F F F
( . F )
F F
F F ˁ F

6. F F
F
AIZOACEAE F 6
AMARANTHACEAE F F F 8
ASCLEPIADACEAE F 10
BALANOPHORACEAE F 12
BEGONIACEAE F 14
BETULACEAE F F 16
CACTACEAE F 18
CAMPANULACEAE F F 20
CARYOPHYLLACEAE F F 22
CONNARACEAE F 24
CONVOLVULACEAE F F 26
CRASSULACEAE F 28
CRUCIFERAE F 30
CUCURBITACEAE F ˆ 32
DROSERACEAE F F F 13
ELAEAGNACEAE F 38
GENTIANACEAE F 34
GESNERIACEAE F F F 36
GOODENIACEAE F 39
GUTTIFERAE F 40
ICACINACEAE F 42
ILLICIACEAE F ˃ 43
LABIATAE F 44
LENTIBULARIACEAE F F 46
LORANTHACEAE F 48
MALPIGHIACEAE F 50
MENISPERMACEAE F 52
NEPENTHACEAE F F F F 54
NYMPHAEACEAE F 56
OLEACEAE F 58
ONAGRACEAE F 57
PASSIFLORACEAE F 60
PIPERACEAE F 62
PEDALIACEAE F 64
PLANTAGINACEAE F 65
POLYGONACEAE F F 66
PORTULACACEAE F 68
RAFFLESIACEAE F 72
RANUNCULACEAE F F 70
SANTALACEAE F F 74
SOLANACEAE F 76
TURNERACEAE F F 73
ULMACEAE F 78
UMBELLIFERAE F 80
URTICACEAE F F 82
VITACEAE F F 84
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE F 86

7. 6 F F 2
F AIZOACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F
F F F ˈ F
F F 5 3 8
F F F 5
F 1 3-4 F 1-3 F
F F F
F F
5 F 5 F
F
F F F
Molluginaceae ˈ F F
ˈ F F 3-5
F
F F 2 F F
• Trianthema F F F F F 1
2 F F Trianthema portulacastrum L. Trianthema
triquetra Rott. ex Willd.
• Sesuvium F F F F F F
3-4 1 F F Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. F

8. 7F F 2
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

9. 8 F F 2
F F F AMARANTHACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F
F F ˈ F F
ˈ F F
F 3-5 F F F
F 5 F F F
ˈ F 2-3 F F
1 F F 2-3 ˈ
(utricle) F (circumcessile) ˈ F
F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F ˈ F
F 1 F F F
F F F
Chenopodiaceae F F F F
F F F F
F
F F 14
ˈ 2 F F F
F
• Celosia 1 F F F Celosia argenteaL.
• Gomphrena 2 F F F F Gomphrena globosa L.
F F ˁ Gomphrena celosioides Mart. F
• Amaranthus F AmaranthuslividusL. Amaranthus
spinosus L.
• Alternanthera F ˈ Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel)
G. Nicholson ˈ Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. F

10. 9F F 2
F F ˁ
Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
F F
Gomphrena globosa L.
F F
Gomphrena globosa L.

11. 10 F F 2
F ASCLEPIADACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F F F F 5
ˈ 5 F
ˈ F 5 F ˈ F
2 F 1 2 F F
F F F F F F
F 2 F 2 F
F
F F
ˈ F F F
5 ˈ 5
F 5 2 F
F
F F F
Apocynaceae F F ˈ
F 5 F
F
ˈ F 45 F
• Asclepias ˈ F F F F Asclepias curassavica L.
• Hoya ˈ F F F Hoya kerrii Craib Hoya ovalifolia
Wight & Arn.
• Sarcostemma ˈ F F F F Sarcostemma brunonianum
Wight & Arn. Sarcostemma secamone (L.) Bennet

12. 11F F 2
F F
Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. Zygostelma benthami Baill.
F
Toxocarpus sp.
F
Myriopteron extensum (Wight) K.Schum.
F
Asclepias curassavica L.
Hoya
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryander ex
W.T. Aiton
Ceropegia

13. 12 F F 2
F BALANOPHORACEAE
F
F F ˈ ʽ F F ˈ ˈ F F
F F (spicate) F F (head)
3 4 F F 1-
F F 1-3 F 1-3
F F
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F
Rafflesiaceae F 10
F
ˁ F 1
• Balanophora F F Balanophora
abbreviata Blume Balanophora fungosa J.R. &
G. Forst. subsp. indica (Arn.) B. Hansen var. indica
Balanophora fungosa J.R. & G. Forst.
subsp. indica (Arn.) B. Hansen var. indica
F
Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.
Balanophora latisepala (Tiegh.) Lecomte

14. 13F F 2
F F F DROSERACEAE
F
F F ʾ F ˈ
ˈ F F
F ˈ F F
F 5 F 5
F F 5-20 ˈ F F
1 3-5 F
F 1 F F F F
2-5 F
F F
ˈ F F F F
5 F 5 F
F F F
Nepenthaceae F F
F F ˈ F
F
1
• Drosera ˈ F F F F Drosera indica L.
F Drosera burmannii Vahl
F
Drosera burmannii Vahl
F F
Drosera indica L.

15. 14 F F 2
F BEGONIACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F
ˆ F
F F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F
4 ˈ 5
F ˈ F F F
1 F F 3 F 3 ʾ
F F 3 F 2
6 ˁ F ʾ
F F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F 4 ˈ
5 F F F ʾ F
F F F
Violaceae F F 5 F F
ˈ F
Turneraceae F F
F ˈ F
F
F F ˁ 1
• Begonia ˈ F F F Begonia rex
Putz. Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto F ˈ F ˁ F F F
Begonia inflata C.B. Clarke Begonia smithiae E.T. Geddes

16. 15F F 2
Begonia
Begonia soluta Craib Begonia rex Putz.

17. 16 F F 2
F F BETULACEAE
F
F F F F F ˆ F
F F ˈ F F ˈ F F
F F F F
1-6 F F ˈ
F 1-4 F F
F 2 F 1 2 F F F
2 F 1 F F F 2 ( ˁ )
F 2 F ˈ F F
ˈ F
ʾ F F
F F
F F F F F F ˆ
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F F 2 F ʾ
F F
F F F
Fagaceae ˆ 3 F F
F
Myricaceae ˆ 1 F F ʾ
F
F 2
• Betula F F F Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don
• Carpinus F F F F Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl.

18. 17F F 2
F
Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don
F F
Carpinus viminea Wall. ex Lindl.

19. 18 F F 2
F CACTACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F F
F F ˈ F
F F ˈ ˈ ˁ ˈ
F F ˈ F F F F
F F F ˈ F F F
F ( F ) ˈ F ˈ
ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F
F F F F
F 1 3- F F F
1 F ˆ F F F
F 1 F F
ˈ F ˈ
F
F F
F F F F F F F F ˈ ˁ
ˈ F F F F F
ˈ F ˈ ˈ F F
F
F F 1 F ˆ F F ˈ
F F F
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia ˈ F F F (Cyathium)
3 1 F F
F
F

20. 19F F 2
• Opuntia ˈ F F F ˆ Opuntia cochenillifera
(L.) Mill. Opuntia humifusa Raf.
• Epiphyllum F F Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.
Opuntia elatior Mill.
ˆ
Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill.

21. 20 F F 2
F F CAMPANULACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F F
5 ˈ 5 F 5
ˈ F ˄ ˈ 5 ˂
F F 5 F F
F ˈ F
F F 1 2-5 F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
ʽ
F F
F F F F F 5
F F F 5 F F
F F
F F
F F F
Goodeniaceae F F F F
F F 1-4 F F F
F
F F ˁ F
5 F
• Laurentia F F ʾ Laurentia longiflora (L.)
Peterm.
• Lobelia ˈ F F F F Lobelia
chinensis Lour. ˈ F Lobelia angulata G. Forst.

22. 21F F 2
Lobelia angulata G. Forst.
Lobelia angulata G. Forst.

23. 22 F F 2
F F CARYOPHYLLACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F
F F ˈ F
ˈ F ˈ F F
F 5
ˈ 5 F
F F F 5-10 ˈ 2
F F
F F 2-5 F F
1 F F
ˈ F ˆ F ʽ
ˈ (utricle)
F F
F F F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
2-5 F F 1 F
ˈ F ˆ F ʽ
(utricle)
F F F
Polygonaceae F F F
6 ˈ ˈ 3 3 1
F F
F
F F 8 F
• Polycarpaea ˈ F F F F F Polycarpaea
corymbosa (L.) Lam.
• Drymaria F F F Drymaria diandra Blume
• Dianthus ˈ F F F F Dianthus
caryophyllus L. F F Dianthus chinensis L.

24. 23F F 2
F
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.
F
Drymaria diandra Blume

25. 24 F F 2
F CONNARACEAE
F
F ˈ F F F F
F ˈ 3
F ˈ F
F F 5
5 F 10 ˈ 2
F F 5
F F F F 2 F 1
2-5 2-5 F ˈ F
F F F 1 F ˈ
F
F F
F
F 5 F 5-10 5 F F F 2
F F
F F F
Leguminosae F F ˈ 1 F
1- ˈ ˆ 1-
F
F 6 ˁ F F
• Cnestis ˈ F F F Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr.
• Connarus ˈ F F Connarus
cochinchinensis (Baill.) Pierre ˈ F F Connarus
semidecandrus Jack ˈ F
• Rourea F F Rourea mimosoides (Vahl) Planch.
ˈ F ˁ Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Leenh.
F F Rourea stenopetala (Griff.) Schellenb. F

26. 25F F 2
Connarus Connarus semidecandrus Jack
Connarus

27. 26 F F 2
F F CONVOLVULACEAE
F
F ˈ F F F F F
F ˈ ˈ F
F F F
F F F 5
F 5
ˈ 5 F F
F 5 F F F
1 2 F F 2 F
4 F F F 2
F F 1 F F F
1 2 ˈ ˈ F F 4
F F
F F F
F F 5 F
2 F F F 2 F F 4
F F F
Boraginaceae F ˈ F F
Hydrophyllaceae F ˈ F F F 2 F
F F 2-
F
F F F
15
• Argyreia ˈ F F F F F Argyreia
nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer Argyreia mollis (Burm.f.) Choisy
• Ipomoea ˈ F F F Ipomoea aquatica
Forssk. F Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
• Merremia ˈ F F F Merremia kingii(Prain)
Kerr F Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier

28. 27F F 2
Argyreia mollis (Burm.f.) Choisy Argyreia thorelii Gagnep.
F
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
F
Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f.
Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hallier Ipomoea

29. 28 F F 2
F CRASSULACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F
F ˈ
ˈ F F 4 5
ˈ F 4 5
ˈ F F 4-10 ˈ F
F 1 1 F F
1 F F F
F F F F
F F
F F F F F
F 4 5 F F F F
F
F
F ˈ F 4
• Kalanchoe ˈ F F ˈ F F
F F Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. ˈ Kalanchoe
pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
• Sedum ˈ F ˁ F F Sedum
susanae Raym.-Hamet
• Graptopetalum ˈ F F
Graptopetalum paraguayense (N.E. Brown) Walther

30. 29F F 2
Sedum susanae Raym.-Hamet
ˈ
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

31. 30 F F 2
F CRUCIFERAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ ʾ
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F
ˈ F
F 4 ˈ 2 4 ˈ
F F
F 6 F F ˈ F
F F 1 2-4
F F 2 F F F
ˈ F F
F F
F F F F 4 ˈ
F F 6 F
2 F F F ˈ
F F F
Capparaceae F F F 4, 6
F F 1 F
F
F F F
ˈ F
• Brassica F Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.
Brassica oleracea L.
• Raphanus F F Raphanus sativus L.
• Rorippa ˈ F F F F Rorippa benghalensis
(DC.) Hara Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
(Watercress)

32. 31F F 2
F
Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.
F
Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.

33. 32 F F 2
F ˆ CUCURBITACEAE
F
F ʾ ʾ F F ˈ 5
F F
5 F
F ˈ F ˈ F F
F
ˈ F F F 5 ˈ F
ˈ 5 5 ˈ F
F F 3-5
F F ˈ 2 F 1 F 2
F 1 3 F
F F 1 F F F 1
3 F
ˈ F
F
F F
F F F
F ˈ 5 5 F
ˈ F F
3-5 F F ˈ
F
F F F
Passifloraceae F ˈ
F F F
F
F F ˈ
20 F
• Momordica F F Momordica charantia L.
ˆ F Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Luffa F Luffa acutangula (L.)
Roxb. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem.

34. 33F F 2
• Trichosanthes ˈ F Trichosanthes anguina
L. Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
• Cucumis ˈ F F F F Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis sativus L.
• Coccinea F F Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt
• Diplocyclos ˈ F F F Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.
Jeffrey ˈ
Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt
F
Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi
ˆ F
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
Momordica charantia L. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

35. 34 F F 2
F GENTIANACEAE
F
F F ʾ ʾ F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F
F
F ˈ F F
ˈ F ˈ 4-5 F F
ˈ F 4-5
ˈ F / F F F
4-5 F F ʽ ˈ
1 2 F F
2 ˈ F 1 ˈ 2
F F
F F
F F ʾ F
ˈ F F F
F
F F F
Loganiaceae F F F F
F
F 7 F
• Gentiana F F Gentiana crassa Kurz
Gentiana hesseliana Hosseus var. hesseliana
• Swertia F F F Swertia angustifolia Ham. ex D. Don
F Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl.

36. 35F F 2
F
Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl.
Gentiana hesseliana Hosseus var. lakshnakarae (Kerr) Toyok.

37. 36 F F 2
F F F GESNERIACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F F ˈ F
F F
ˈ F ˆ
F ˈ F F F F F
F F F 5
ˈ F ˈ 5 5 ˈ F
ˈ 2 F 2 4 F
ˈ F F 1 F F 1
1 ˈ F
F F
F F
F F F F F 5
ˈ 2 F 2 ˈ F F
F F F
Lentibulariaceae F 2
F
F F 27 F
• Aeschynanthus F F F F F Aeschynanthus
andersonii C.B. Clarke F F Aeschynanthus garrettii Craib
• Didymocarpus F F F Didymocarpus biserratus
Barnett
• Chirita F Chirita involucrata Craib

38. 37F F 2
F
Aeschynanthus macranthus (Merr.) Pellegr.
Cyrtandra dispar DC.
Cyrtandra dispar DC.
Henckelia rugosa (Ridl.) A. Weber

39. 38 F F 2
F ELAEAGNACEAE
F
F F F
F ˈ ˈ F F
F F ˈ
F F ˈ 4
F 4 1 1 F 1 F F
F F F
F
F F
F F 4
F 4 1 F 1 F 1 F
F F F F
F
F 1
• Elaeagnus F F Elaeagnus latifolia L.
Elaeagnus latifolia L.

40. 39F F 2
F GOODENIACEAE
F
F F F F F
F F F F F
5 ˈ
F F F 5
F 1 F 2-3 F
F 1 ˈ F F F
F F 2-6
F F
F F F 5
F F 1
F 2-3 F
F F F
Campanulaceae F F
F F
F
F 1 F F
• Scaevola F F Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.
ˈ F F F 1-2
Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

41. 40 F F 2
F GUTTIFERAE
F
F F F F F F
F F 4-5
F ˈ 3-5 F
1- F F
ˈ
F F
F
F 5 F ˈ F 1- F
F F F
Theaceae F F F
1
F
ˈ F ˈ F 7 F
• Garcinia F F F F 2-12 F F F 1
F Garcinia mangostana L. Garcinia schomburgkiana Pierre
• Cratoxylum ʾ F Cratoxylum
formosum (Jack) Dyer subsp. formosum Cratoxylum formosum (Jack)
Dyer subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogel.
• Calophyllum F F F F 1 F
F Calophyllum inophyllum L. Calophyllum
thorelii Pierre

42. 41F F 2
Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume

43. 42 F F 2
F ICACINACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F
F F 5
F 5 ˈ F ˈ
F F 1 F F F 2 F
1 F F
F F
F F F 5 F
5 F 1 F F F 2
F F F
Aquifoliaceae 4- F F F
F
F ˁ 13 F
• Gonocaryum F F F F 2 F
F F Gonocaryum lobbianum
(Miers)Kurz
Iodes F
ˈ F F F Iodes cirrhosa
Turcz. F F Iodes vitiginea (Hance)
Hemsl.
Gomphandra F F
F 1 F F F Gomphandra
quadrifida (Blume)Sleumer var.ovalifolia
(Ridl.) Sleumer
Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz

44. 43F F 2
F ˃ ILLICIACEAE
F
F F F F F F ˈ
F ˈ F 2-3
F F ˈ
ˈ F ˈ F
ˈ F F ˈ F
F F F
F ˈ F
ˈ 1 F 1 F 1 F 1
F F ˈ F F 1 F
ˈ ʽ F
F F
F F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F ˈ
F
F F F
Magnoliaceae F F F F
F
F F 1
• Illicium 3 ˃ Illicium verumHook.f. F F
˃ ˁ Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm. Illicium anisatum L.
˃ ˁ
Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm.
˃ ˁ
Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm.

45. 44 F F 2
F LABIATAE
F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F F F ˈ F F
F F F F 5
ˈ F ˈ F 5
ˈ F F 2 F 4 2 2
2 F F F 2 F
F (gynobasic) ˈ F
F ˈ 4 F 2 F
F 4 F (nutlets) 1 F F
F F
F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F 2 F 4 2
2 F 4 F
F F F
Verbenaceae F ˈ
F 4 2 2 F F ˈ ˈ
F
F 40 F
• Ocimum F F F F Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum americanum L.
• Mentha F F F F F Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen.
F F Mentha piperita L.
• Hyptis F F F F F F Hyptis brevipes Poit.
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
• Salvia F F F Salvia splendens Ker.
Salvia coccinea Buchoz ex Etl.

46. 45F F 2
F
Clerodendrum paniculatum L.
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
F
Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz.
F
Gmelina racemosa (Lour.) Merr.
Tectona grandis L.f.
F
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.

47. 46 F F 2
F F LENTIBULARIACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F
ˈ ˈ F F
ˈ F F F F 4-5
ˈ 2-5 5 ˂ F
ʽ F ˈ F 2 F F
1 F F F
1 2 F F 1 F
F F 2
F F ˈ F F ʽ
F F
F F ˈ ˈ
F F ˈ ʽ ˈ ˈ F
2 2 F F F
F F F
Gesneriaceae F ˈ ˈ F
F F
F
F ˁ 1
• Utricularia 22 F F F Utricularia bifida L.
Utricularia delphinioidesThorelexPellegr. F F Utricularia aurea
Lour.

48. 47F F 2
F
Utricularia bifida L.
Utricularia delphinioides Thorel ex Pellegr.Utricularia minutissima Vahl
F F
Utricularia aurea Lour.

49. 48 F F 2
F LORANTHACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F ˈ F
F F
F ˈ F
F ˈ F F F ˈ F F F F
F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F 4 6
ˈ F ˄ ˈ 5 ˂ F
F F F F
F F F
F F F F 1 1
ˈ F
F F
F F ˈ F
F F F F F F F
1
F F F
Viscaceae F F F
2-4
Santalaceae 1 4-5
F
ˈ F 12 38 F
• Dendrophthoe F Dendrophthoe falcata(L.f.)Ettingsh.
F Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
• Helixanthera F Helixanthera cylindrica (Jack) Danser
F Helixanthera parasitica Lour.
• Scurrula F F Scurrula gracilifolia (Schult.) Danser

50. 49F F 2
F
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
F
Scurrula gracilifolia (Schult.) Danser
Tolypanthus pustulatus Barlow
F F
Helixanthera pulchra (DC.) Danser

51. 50 F F 2
F MALPIGHIACEAE
F
F F F F F
F F 2 F F F ˈ F
ˈ F F F
5 F F 2 F 5 F F
ˈ F F 10 F F F F
F 3 F F F
F 3 1 2 ˁ F
(schizocarp) F F ʾ
F F
F F F F F
F 5 F F F 10
F F F F F 3 F
F F F 3 ʾ
F F F
Oxalidaceae 3 F F F
5 F F F 1- F 5
F
F 6 22 F
• Hiptage F F Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz subsp.
benghalensis Hiptage lucida Pierre
• Malpighia ˈ F F F F ˆ Malpighia coccigera L.
Malpighia glabra L.
• Tristellateia ˈ F F F Tristellateia
australasiae A. Rich.

52. 51F F 2
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
subsp. benghalensis
ˆ
Hiptage detergens Craib
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
subsp. benghalensis
Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

53. 52 F F 2
F MENISPERMACEAE
F
F F F F
ˈ ˈ ˈ F
F F F F F
F 6 ˈ 2
6 ˈ F F
F F 6 ˈ F
F F F ˈ
F 3 6 F F 1 F F F 2
F 1 F 1
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F F
ˈ F F F
F F
F F
F 6 F F ˈ ˈ
F ˈ F F ˈ
F
F F F
Ranunculaceae F F F 2- F
F F F
F
F ˁ 22 F
• Cissampelos F F ʽ Cissampelos pareira L. var.
hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Forman F ʽ Cissampelos hispida Forman
• Stephania F F Stephania pierrei Diels Stephania
brevipes Craib
• Tinospora F Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook.f. &
Thomson F Tinospora baenzigeri Forman

54. 53F F 2
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Forman
Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Cyclea varians Craib

55. 54 F F 2
F F F F NEPENTHACEAE
F
F F F ˈ F
F ˈ 2-4 ˈ ʾ F
F F ˈ
F F 2 F F F
F F F F ʾ F F 2 ʾ
F F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F ʾ ˈ F F ˈ F
ˆ F F F
ˈ F F 6-300
F F F F 4
F F 4
F 4 F F F F F F F
4-12 F F ˈ F F F 4
F F
ˈ ˈ F
6-300 F F
F F F
Droseraceae ˈ F F F
F
F
F 1 9
• Nepenthes F F F F F Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. F F F
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce

56. 55F F 2
F F F
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F F F
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce
F F F ( )
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.
F F F ( F )
Nepenthes gracilis Korth.

57. 56 F F 2
F NYMPHAEACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F
F F F F
ˆ ˈ F
F 4-12 F F F
3- ˈ F F 3-
F F F
1- ˈ F F
(nut) ʽ F
F F
F F F F F F F
F F F
Nelumbonaceae F F F
F ʽ F
F
F 2
Nymphaea F F Nymphaea nouchalia Burm.f.
Nymphaea pubescens Willd.
• Victoria ˈ F F F F Victoria amazonica
(Poepping) Sowerby
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.

58. 57F F 2
F ONAGRACEAE
F
F F ˈ F F F F
F F
F F
ˈ ˆ ˈ
ˈ F
F
F F F ˈ
F F ˈ
F F
4 F F F 4
F F F 8 ˈ
4 ˈ F F F
F
1 4 F F F 4 F F
1 F F 1 1 ˈ F
ˈ ˈ 4 F F F
F F
F F F 4 F 2
ˈ F ˈ F
F F F 4 F F
F 1 F F
F F F
Lythraceae F 5 F
F F
F
F F 3
• Ludwigia F F Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Excell
• Fuchsia ˈ F F F ˁ Fuchsia spp.
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven

59. 58 F F 2
F OLEACEAE
F
F F F F F F
F ˈ ˆ F
ˈ F F F
ˈ 4
ˈ 4 6-12 F
F F 2 F F
2 F F 2 F
F F 2 F 2 ˈ F
ˈ F F F ʾ
1
F F
F
ˈ 4 ˈ
4 6-12 F 2 F 2 F F F
2
F F F
Apocynaceae F 5 F 1 F
Gentianaceae F 1 F
F
F 8 F
• Jasminum ˈ F F F F Jasminum
adenophyllum Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
F F
• Schrebera F F Schrebera swietenoides
Roxb. ˁ
• Fraxinus ˈ F F F F Fraxinus floribunda Wall. ex Roxb.

60. 59F F 2
Jasminum
Schrebera swietenoides Roxb.
ˆ
Jasminum nobile C.B. Clarke
F
Jasminum sambac (L.) AitonJasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
F
Fraxinus floribunda Wall. ex Roxb.

61. 60 F F 2
F PASSIFLORACEAE
F
F F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F
ˈ 5 F
F 5 F
F ˈ F F ˈ
F 5 2 F 1
F 3-5 F 1 F F
3 3-5 ˈ F F
F
F F
F ˈ F
F ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ
F F F
Cucurbitaceae F F F
F
F
F 2 F F
• Adenia F Adenia penangiana (G. Don) W. J. de Wilde
• Passiflora ˈ F Passiflora foetida L.
Passiflora laurifolia L.

62. 61F F 2
Adenia penangiana (G. Don) W. J. de Wilde Adenia
Passiflora foetida L. Passiflora foetida L.

63. 62 F F 2
F PIPERACEAE
F
F F ʾ
F ˈ F F
F ˈ ˈ ˈ F F (spike)
F ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F F 6 ˈ 2 2,
3 4 F F 2 F
1 1-4 F F 1 F 1
F 1 F 1-4 ˈ F ˈ
ˈ
F F
F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F F 1 F 1
ˈ
F F F
Chloranthaceae F F F F 1-3
F
F 2
• Peperomia ˈ F F F F 2 F
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth
• Piper F F 2-6 F Piper betle L.
Piper chaba Hunt

64. 63F F 2
F
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Piper chaba Hunt
Piper longum L.
Piper betle L.
Piper nigrum L.
Peperomia pellucida (L.)
Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth

65. 64 F F 2
F PEDALIACEAE
F
F F ʾ F
ˈ F F F F
ˈ F
F
F F F
F F F
5 ˈ 5
5 ˈ
F ˈ 5
F 4
F 4 2 F
F
F
2 F
1 F 1 F
F F
F F F F F
F 4
F F F
Scrophulariaceae ˈ ʽ 2 F F
2 F
F
ˈ F 1
• Sesamum F F Sesamum orientale L.
Sesamum orientale L.

66. 65F F 2
F PLANTAGINACEAE
F
F F ʾ
ˈ F
ˆ F F F ˈ
F ˈ F
F F F
F F F 1
4
F 4
ˈ 4 F F
F 4 F
F 1
2 F F 2 F
F F
1 ˈ 2
ˈ F F F ˈ
F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F F
F ˈ F F ˈ F F F
F 4 ˈ 4 F
F 4 F F 2 F F
F ˈ
F F F
Buddlejaceae F F F ˈ F
F ˈ F
F
F F ˈ F
1
• Plantago F F Plantago major L. Plantago
ovata Forssk. ˈ F
F
Plantago major L.

67. 66 F F 2
F F POLYGONACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F
F ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ F F F
F F 5-6 ˈ
F F F F ʾ
F F ˈ F 6-9
F F F
1 2-3 F F 1 F 1
F 1-3 ˈ F
ˈ F F F F
F F
F F
F F F F F ˈ F F 5-6
F ˈ F F 1 F 1
F F F
F F F
Plumbaginaceae F ˈ F F 5 F
F
F F F 7 F
• Polygonum ˈ F F F F Polygonum flaccidum Meissn.
F Polygonum odoratum Lour. ˈ
• Rumex ˈ F F F F Rumex crispus L.

68. 67F F 2
F
Polygonum barbatum L.
Polygonum
F
Polygonum flaccidum Meissn.

69. 68 F F 2
F PORTULACACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ
F ˈ F F
ˈ ˈ F ˈ F
F F
F F F F F 2
4-6 F
F 4-6 ˈ F ˈ F
F F F
1 2 3 F F F 1
F F F F
F ˈ F F
F
F F
F F F F F F 2
ˈ F F 4-6 F
F F F
Nyctaginaceae ˈ F F
F F F
F
F F 2
• Portulaca F F FPortulaca oleraceaL. Portulaca
quadrifida L. F Portulaca pilosa subsp. grandiflora (Hook.)
Geesink
• Talinum F F Talinum fruticosum(L.)Juss. Talinum
paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

70. 69F F 2
F
Portulaca oleracea L.
F
Portulaca oleracea L.

71. 70 F F 2
F F RANUNCULACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F
ˈ F F F
F F ˈ ˈ F F
ˈ F
5 F F F F
F 5 ˈ F ˈ ˈ
F ˈ F
ˈ F F F F
F ˈ F F
F F F 1 F
1- F F 1
ˈ 2 ˈ F F F F
F F
F F F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F F F
F
F F F
Berberidaceae F F F ˈ 2 F
F 3 F
F
F 5 F
• Clematis ˈ F F F Clematis smilacifolia Wall.
• Delphinium ˈ F F F F Delphinium siamense
(Craib) Munz
• Naravelia F F Naravelia laurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. &
Thomson Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC.

72. 71F F 2
F
Clematis smilacifolia Wall. Naravelialaurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
F
Delphinium siamense (Craib) Munz

73. 72 F F 2
F RAFFLESIACEAE
F
F F ˈ F ˈ F F F F
F F F
F F
ˈ 4-5 F F F F
F ˈ F ˈ F F 4-8
F 1 F F F F
F F
F ʽ F F
F
F ˁ 4 F
• Sapria F F Sapria himalayana Griff.
Sapria poilanei Gagnep.
• Rafflesia F F Rafflesia kerrii Meijer
• Mitrastemma F F Mitrastemma yamamotoi Makino
.
• Rhizanthes F F Rhizanthes zippelii (Blume) Spach
Rhizanthes infanticida Banziger & B. Hansen
Sapria himalayana Griff. Rhizanthes
.
..

74. 73F F 2
F F TURNERACEAE
F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F ˈ F F ˈ F
F 5 F F
5 F F 5
F F F 2 F
1 3 F F 1 F
F 3
ˈ F F
F F
F F F F F 5
F F 3 F F F
F
F F F
Violaceae F F F F F 3
F
ˈ F 1
Turnera 2 ˈ F ˈ F F F F
Turnera subulataG.E.
Sm. F
Turnera ulmifolia L.
F
Turnera ulmifolia L.

75. 74 F F 2
F F SANTALACEAE
F
F F F F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F F
ˈ F F ˈ F F F
F
ˈ 3-5 F F ˈ
F 3-5 F 2 F
ˈ F F F 1
F F F F 5-12 F 1-5 F F
ˈ F F
ˈ 4-5 ˈ
(pyrene) F F
1-
F F
ˈ ˈ 3-5
F F ˈ F 3-5
F F
F F F
Loranthaceae - ˈ 2 2 F 2-3
ˈ ˈ
F
F
F ˁ ˁ
F 2,000 . 7 13 F
• Scleropyrum ˈ F F F F Scleropyrum wallichianum
(Wight&Arn.)Arn.
• Dendrotrophe F F Dendrotrophe varians (Blume) Miq.

76. 75F F 2
F
Dendrotrophe varians (Blume) Miq.
F
Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Miq.
Scleropyrum wallichianum (Wight & Arn.) Arn.

77. 76 F F 2
F SOLANACEAE
F
F F ʾ ˈ F F F F F
ˈ ˈ F
F F 5
ˈ 5 F F ˈ
5 ˈ F
ˈ 5 F 5 F F
F ˈ F
1 2 F F 2 F
F F 1 2
F F
F F
F F F F F F
ˈ F F 5 F 2 F
F F
F F F
Hydrophyllaceae F ˈ F F
F ˈ F
F
F 12
• Capsicum ˈ F F F F F Capsicum annuum
L. var. annuum Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens
• Solanum F F F Solanum incanum L. Solanum
melongena L.

78. 77F F 2
F
Solanum incanum L.
F
Solandra grandiflora Sw.
F
Solanum trilobatum L.
Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens
Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.
Solanum spirale Roxb.

79. 78 F F 2
F ULMACEAE
F
F F F F ˈ F F
ˆ
ˈ F F F F
F 4-8
ˈ F F F
1 2 F
F 1 F 1 F 2
ˈ F ʾ
F F
F F F F
F F
F 2 F
F F F
Moraceae 4-5 F 1-5 F
Urticaceae F ˈ
F
F F 3
• Celtis F F F F F Celtis timorensis Span.
Celtis philippensis Blanco
• Gironniera F F Gironniera nervosa
Planch.
• Trema F F F Trema orientalis
(L.) Blume ˈ F F
• Ulmus F ʾ F Ulmus lanceolata Roxb. ex Wall.

80. 79F F 2
F
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Gironniera nervosa Planch.
Celtis philippensis Blanco Ulmus lancaefolia Roxb. ex Wall.
F F
Celtis timorensis Span
Gironniera nervosa Planch.

81. 80 F F 2
F UMBELLIFERAE
F
F F ʾ F F F F F ˈ F
F
ˈ F F ˈ F
ˈ F F ˈ F
F F
F 5 ˈ ˆ ˈ
F F 5 F
F F F 5 F F
F F 1 2
F 2 F F F F F 1 F 2
F F ˈ 2 F F F 1
F F
F F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F ˈ F F 5
F 5 F F 2 F F F 1 F ˈ 2
F F F 1
F F F
Araliaceae 2-5 F F 2-5 F F F
F
F
15 ˈ
• Centella F F Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
• Coriandrum F F Coriandrum sativum L.
• Eryngium F F Eryngium foetidum L.
Hydrocotyle F Hydrocotyle javanica Ponten ex Thunb.
F F Hydrocotyle umbellata L.

82. 81F F 2
F F
Hydrocotyle umbellata L.
Hydrocotyle javanica Ponten ex Thunb.
Eryngium foetidum L.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

83. 82 F F 2
F F URTICACEAE
F
F F F F F F F F
F ˈ F
ˆ ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F F F F F 4-5 F
ˈ
F F F F
F F F ˈ
1 2 F F F
F ˁ F F 1 F
F 1 2 F F F 1
ˈ F ˈ F F F
F F
F ˈ F F F
ˈ F F F F 1 F 1
F F F
F F F
Moraceae 2
Ulmaceae 2
F
F F 15
• Boehmeria F F F Boehmeria chiangmaiensisYahara F ˁ
Boehmeria macrophylla D. Don
• Debregeasia F F Debregeasia velutina Gaudich F
Debregeasia wallichiana (Wedd.) Wedd.
• Dendrocnide F F Dendrocnide sinuata (Roxb.) Nees
F Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew

84. 83F F 2
Debregeasia longifolia Wedd.
F
Girardinia diversifolia (Link.) Friis
Dendrocnide

85. 84 F F 2
F F VITACEAE
F
F F F ˈ F F F F
F ˈ F F
F F F F
F 5 F 4 5 F ˈ
F 4 5
F F F 4 5 F
F F F ˈ
1 2 F F 2 F
F F F F 1 2 F
F 1 1 ˈ ˈ F
F F 1-4
F F
F F F F ˈ F F
F F F
F 4 5
F 4 5 F F F
1-4
F F F
Rhamnaceae F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F
F F 10
• Cissus F Cissus carnosa Roxb. Cissus
quadrangularis L.
• Tetrastigma F F Tetrastigma leucostaphyllum(Dennst.)
Mabb. F ˁ Tetrastigma quadrangulatum Gagnep. & Craib
• Vitis ˈ F F F F F Vitis vinifera L.

86. 85F F 2
Pterisanthes cissoides Blume
Ampelocissus martinii Planch.
Ampelocissus martinii Planch.
Tetrastigma Tetrastigma
Cissus discolor BlumeCissus quadrangularis L.

87. 86 F F 2
F ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
F
F F ʾ F F F ˈ F F 1 F
F ˈ 2
F ˈ F F
4-5 4-5
F F 5, 10 15
F F F 5 F F 4-5
F F F 2- F
1 F F ˈ ʾ
F F
2 1 F F
ˈ F F F F F
4-5 F F
F
F F 2
• Tribulus 2 F F Tribulus cistoides L.
Tribulus terrestris L.
• Guaiacum 1 F ˈ F F F F F F Guaiacum
officinale L.
Tribulus terrestris L.Tribulus cistoides L.

88. F . 2545. F F. , .
. 2546. F F - . F, .
F F ˁ F ˁ F. 2544. F F F
F . , .
Balgooy,M.M.J.1998. MalesianSeedPlants.Rijksherbarium/HortusBotanicus,Leiden,
The Netherlands.
Jones, S. B. & A. E. Luchsinger. 1987. Plant Systematics. Second edition. McGraw-Hill
International Editions, Singapore.
Judd, Walter S. & Campbell, Christopher S. & Kellogg, Elizabeth A. 1999. Plant
Systematics-APhylogenetic,Approach. SinauerAssociates,Inc.,Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
Keng, Hsuan. 1969. Malayan Seed Plants. University of Malaya Press, Singapore.
Lawrence, George H. M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Macmillan, New York.
Zomlefer,WendyB.1994. GuidetoFloweringPlantFamilies. UniversityofNorthCarolina
Press,U.S.A.