1. The document discusses various topics related to biology such as blood vessel formation, respiration, cell organelles, and meiosis. 2. Key points include the formation of blood vessels from different germ layers, the role of alveoli in gas exchange during respiration, and the division of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. 3. Various organ systems, cell structures, and biological processes are defined such as the mesoderm contribution to supporting tissues and organs, the role of flagella and cilia in cell movement, and the multi-step process of nitrogen fixation.

1. 122
15 F A-NET ( )
1. F F ˈ blood
vessel F F F
F
F F
1 3 Mesoderm
2 4 Ectoderm
3 5 Mesoderm
4 6 endoderm
2. F
.
. F
. F
.
1. 2.
3. , 4. ,
3. ˈ F ˈ
1. Fe, s 2. Mg, N
3. Fe, N 4. Mg, S
4. F F
F F F
1. F F
F F F
2. F F
F F F
3. F F
F F F F F
4. F F
F F F F F
5. F F
F ˆ F F F
F ˈ F F
ˆ
1. F F F ˆ F
2. F F F ˆ F
3. F F F ˆ
F F F F F F
F
4. F F F ˆ F ˆ
F
F
6. F F F
1. F
2. ˈ
F
3. F
4. F
7. F F F
1.
2. F F
3. ,
4. F
8. F F F
1. F F F F
2. F ˄ F
3. F
4. F F F F
9. F F F ˁ ˈ 47
(44 + xxy) F F ˈ F
1. Down s syndrome 2. Edward syndrome
3. Klinefelter syndrome 4. Tuner s syndrome
10. F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F
F ˈ
1. ˆ 2. F
3. 4. F F
11. F ˈ
1. F 2.
3. F 4.
12. F F F
1. F ˈ F
2. ˈ F F
3. ˈ F F F
4. F ˈ F F

2. 123
13. F F F
F F
1. -1 -2 2. 1 -2
3. 1 4. -2
14. 1
F F F F F F
F F
1. F
2.
3. F
4.
15. F .....
1. F F
2. F
3. F F ATP
4.
16. F F
1. ectoderm 2. mesoderm endoderm
3. mesoderm 4. endoderm
17. F F F
1
1. 2. F
3. 4. F
F F F 18-20
18. F A ˈ
1. NH3 2. N2
3. NO-
2 4. NO-
3
19. F B ˈ
1. NH3 2. N2
3. NO-
2 4. NO-
3
20. F C ˈ
1. Ammonification 2. Nitrification
3. Denitrification 4. Nitrogen fixation
21. F ˈ F
1. Lymphocyte 2. Monocyte
3. Neutrophil 4. Eosinophil
22. F
1. CO2 2. O2
3. H+
4. F 1, 2 3
23. F F F
1. 5,000 F 2. 10,000 F
3. 200,000 F 4. 500,000 F
24. F F F F F F F
1. F
2. F F
3. F F F
4. F F F
25. F F
F
1. r-ER F F
2. F
3. s-ER F F ˈ
4. F F
Ammonification
Nitrosomonas
A
B
NO-
3
Nitrobacter
NO-
3
Nitrogen fixation
N2 C

3. 124
26. F F F Flagellum Cilia
F F
1. basal body 2. Pseudopodia
3. microtubules 4. microvilli
27. planaria F F
F F
1. F F F cilia
2. F F F
3. F cilia
4. F F F F
28. Mesoderm F F
. supporting tissue
. ˈ striated +smooth muscle
. ˈ lymph cell lymph vessel
. ˈ spleen
. ˈ cortical adrenal gland
1. , 2. , ,
3. , , 4. , , , ,
29. F F Photorespiration
1. F F F 2. F
3. F 4. F 2 3
30. F
F F F F
A. sperm
B.
C. F ˈ
D.
E. mono cyte
F. ˆ
1. BACDEF 2. ACBDFE
3. ACBEDF 4. BADCEF
31. F DNA F RNA
1. F
2.
3.
4. F
32. F F ˈ
1. F F
2. F
3. F F
4. F
33. F F B F F AB
F F
1. AB F 2. A, B AB
3. A, B O 4. A, B, AB O
34. F F F F F ˈ F
F F F ˈ F F ˈ F
F ʾ ˅
F F ˈ F F
1. 3 : 1 2. 2 : 1
3. 1 : 1 4. 1 : 3
35. F F F F
F F
. F
. F F -
. F
.
36. F
1. C6H12O6 → 2H3C6O3 + energy
2. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + energy
3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
4. 1 3
37. F F F F
O2 F F
F F F F
F F F F
1. bronchus 2. bronchiole
3. trachea 4. pharynx
38. F F F
1. F F F
2. F F
3.
4. F ,
39. F F
1. F ˁ F
2. F F
3. F ˁ F
4. F ˁ F

4. 125
40. F F F F
F F
F
1. F F F
2. F F F
3. F F F
4. F F F F
F
41. F F F F 1 F
F F
1. F F F
2. F F
3. F F F F
F
4. F F F F
42. F ˈ F
F F F
1. Epididymis 2. Seminiferous Tuble
3. Seminal Vesicle 4. Prostate Gland
43. F F (asexual reproduction)
F
1. F ˈ F F
2. F F
3. F
4. F
44. F
1. F 2.
3. F 4. F
45. karyokinesis
ˈ 4n F F
1. prophase I meiosis
2. anaphase mitosis
3. anaphase II meiosis
4. metaphase mitosis
46. F F
F F F F F
F
1. F F F
F
2. F F ˈ
ˈ
3. F F F F F
4. F
47. F F F ˈ F
F
1. F F F
2. F 2 F
3. F F
4. F F F
48. F ˈ F ˈ
1. 2.
3. F 4. endosperm
49. F F ˈ F F
1. gametophyte 2. sporophyte
3. sex cell 4. spore
50. F
1. F 2. Golgi body
3. 4. lysosome

5. 126
15 F A-NET ( )
1. 1
F 3 visceral mesoderm yolk ˈ blood blood vessle
2. 3
F (Inspiration) (Expiration)
F F
F F
F F F F F
F F
F
3. 2
F
F ʽ F-
ʽ F- F ˈ C55H72O5N4Mg
C55H70O6N4Mg F ʽ F F
4. 1
F F F F
F
F F F
F F
5. 3
F F F
F ˆ F F
F F F F ˆ
F F F F F
F F F
6. 4
F F F F
F F
F
F F F
7. 4
F F F
F
F ˈ F
(nasal gland) F F F
F F F
F F
8. 4
F ˆ F
ˈ F F F
F F F ˈ F F ˈ
9. 3
Klinefelter syndrome F
F x F ˈ F
F
10. 1
F F ˆ F F F
11. 3
F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F F F
ˈ F
12. 3
F ˈ DNA ˈ
ˈ F F F
F mRNA tRNA F F peptide Polypeptide

6. 127
13. 3
F F F
F F 1 ˈ
14. 1
prophase I
F Homologo chromosome
15. 1
ˈ ˈ F
F acetyl CoA
16. 2
ˈ F ˈ F F
17. 1
F F 3 ( F (alleus) (incus)
(stapes)
18. 1
F F ˈ
F F ʽ
(ammonification-bacteria) ˈ
19. 3
Nitrosomonas F F ˈ
nitrite
2NH+
4 + 3O2 → 2NO-
2 + 2H2O + 4H+
20. 1
NO-
3 F ˈ N2 denitrification
Pseu-domonas ˈ F
F
21. 4
eosinophil ˈ F F F eosin
F ˈ
22. 1
CO2 ˈ
CO2 F F F F F
F CO2
23. 1
F F F F 120 µm F ʽ F F F
F 2 µm
F = 3
r
3
4
π
F F F ʽ F =
3
3
)1(
3
4
)60(
3
4
×π
×π = 60 ×60×60
= 216,000 F
24. 4
F F ˈ F
F n + n F F n
n + n
25. 2
F F ATP
F
26. 1
basal body F
27. 1
F F
28. 4
mesoderm ˈ F F
1. supporting tissue
2. striated and smooth muscle
3. blood and lymph cells, wall of heat and blood, lymph
vessles
4. kidney and gonads and their responding duct
5. cortical of suprarenal gland
6. spleen
29. 4
C4 F Photorespiration
C3 C4 CAM
F F F
F F
F F F
F F F F
F F F
F

7. 128
30. 1
(µµµµ) (µµµµ)
A. sperm 2 D. 10
B. 1 E. mono cyte 10-12
C. F ˈ 4 F. ˆ > 12
31. 3
DNA RNA F DNA
Deoxyribose F RNA ˈ Ribose DNA
RNA F base 4 3
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine F F RNA
Uracil F DNA Thymine DNA RNA
Phosphate group
32. 1
F F F F
F F
33. 2
F B genotype BB BO
F AB genotype AB
F BB x AB → genotype AB, BB
F AB F B
F BO x Ab → genotype AB, BB, AO, BO
F AB, B, A
34. 1
F x F F ˈ
F F Tt x Tt → TT : 2Tt : tt
: = 3 : 1
35. 3
F - ˈ F F F
ˈ F
36. 4
F 2 F
F
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
F F
C6H12O6 → 2H3C6O3 + energy
37. 3
F F F F
trachea → bronchus →bronchiole → Alveoli
( F ˈ F F F )
Trachea Trachea F F
38. 4
F F F
F F F F F
F F F
39.
40. 1
F F
F F F
ˁ ˈ F
41. 2
F F F F F
F
F F
42. 2
F F ˈ F F F
(asexual reproduction)
F F F F F
F F F F
43. 1
F F
(Vas deferens) ˂ ʽ F F ˆ
F
44. 1
F ˈ F
F F F seminal
vesicle fructose
F
F ʽ F F F F
45. 2
F F F
F ˈ 4n F F anaphase mitosis
metaphase 2n Chromosome 4 F
F 2n F 8 chromatid F Anaphase 8
chromosome = 4n

8. 129
46. 4
F F F
F F F F F F
F
F F ( F F F )
47. 3
F F ˈ F
F F F F cell plate F
F F F F F F F 2
F F F ˈ
F F F F
F F
48. 1
1
49. 1
F ˈ bryophyta
50. 1
F ˈ F Ribosome