1. The document describes aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization such as government structure, social classes, and cultural practices. 2. Key aspects discussed include the pharaoh and vizier ruling classes, nobles and nomarchs as lower social classes, and practices like mummification, pyramid and sphinx building, hieroglyphic writing on papyrus. 3. The document also provides a brief chronology of foreign rulers of Egypt from the Libyans to the Greeks.

1. F (Egypt) F

3. F F F F

4. F F F F ˆ

5. F F
F F
F

6. F (Egypt) F
F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F
F F F
F F

7. F F F F F
1. F ˂
F
2. F F
ˈ
3.
F ( F)

8. F F
F F
F ˈ ˈ 2 F
FF

9. ( F )
F 3,100 ʾ F F F
F F FF ˈ F
F ˈ F ( F
)
F
F F F ˈ 3
1. F
2.
3. F

10. ( F)
* F (2225-2180 B.C.)
F F F ʽ F 20
F F F F F ˈ F F 6
F F F
* (2052-1786 B.C.)
F F ˈ F 12
F F
F ˆ F

11. * F (1554-1090
B.C.) F F F 18-20 F ˈ
F ˈ F F
F F
F F F
F F F
˂ F
F F F F ˈ F F
F F F F F

12. • F F
F F F
F F
1
1• F F
• F 40 ʾ
ˀˊ F
ˆ

13. • F F
3 F F
F
•
F
4
•
F F

14. ( F)
2
ˈ F F F F
4

15. F F 940 B.C.
1. (Libyans) F 940 - 710 B.C.
2. ʾ (Ethiopians) F 736 – 657 B.C.
3. (Assyrians) F 664-525 B.C.
4. F ( Perians) F 525- 404 B.C.

16. ( F)
5. F ( Perians) F 2 F
341 – 332 B.C.
6. (Greeks) F 332 – 30 B.C.

17. F
F
F

18. F ˈ
1. F
F F F
F F

19. 1.1 F F (Pharaoh)
ˈ
F
F
F

20. 1.2 F F (Vizier)
ˈ F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
1.3 (Noble)
Noble
F F F

21. ( F)
1.4 (Nomarch)
FF F (nomarch) ˈ
F F F
F (Nome) F F
ˈ F F F

22. 2. F
2.1 F F
( F ˈ F)
2.2 ˈ
F
F F
2.3 F

23. ( F )
2.1 F F
F F
F F F F ˈ F F F F
F F F F
F
F
F F ˈ
F ˈ

24. ( F)
F
F
F F F F

25. ( F)
F
ˈ
˅ F
ˈ F

26. ( F)
F F F
ˈ F
ˈ F F
F F F F
F
F

27. 2.2 ˈ
F F
ˀˊ F F F F F F F
F F (Mummy)
F
ˆ F

28. ( F)

29. 2.3 F
F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F
F F

30. 3. F ˆ
F ˈ
F F F F
F
F
F

31. ( F)
F F (Pyranid)
ˈ
ˆ
F F
F

32. F

33. ( F)
F F 1
ʽ F

34. ( F)
F
1. F
2. F F

35. 4. F
ʽ F (Sphinx) ˈ
F F
ˈ ˈ F
F
1. ˈ
2. F F

36. ( F)
The Spinx at Giza Ramses II

37. 5. F
F F F
F
F F

38. ( F)
ˈ
F F F F FF
F
F F ˈ F

39. 5. F F
F
300 B.C.
ˈ F
ʽ
(Hieroglyphic)

40. ( F)
F F F
F F F F
F
(Hieratic)
F F F

41. 6. F
FF F ˈ F
F F F ˈ F F F
F 4 F F
F

42. 7. ʽ (Papyrus)
F F F
ʽ F F
F F

43. ( F)
ʽ F F F F F F
ˈ F F F F F

44. ( F)
F ʽ ˈ
F F ˈ F F F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F F - ʾˌ - F ( Pa - Pe - Raa)
ˈ F F F ˈ ʽ F
ˈ " F ( Paper)" ˆ

45. 8. F F
F F
F F
1. F F
1 ʾ 12
30 5

46. ( F )
F
ˈ 1 ʾ 3 4
F (The Flood of River Nite)
F (The Period of Cultivation)
(The Period of Havesting)

47. 9. F F
F
F
πr2 F
π F 3.14

48. 10.
F F ˈ 4
1. F ˈ
4000 B.C. F F F
F F F F F F
2. F 4000 B.C.
F ˆˉ F
ˈ F

49. 3. F ˈ F F
4000 B.C.
4. ʾ F F ˆˊ F F ˈ F