This document summarizes and discusses several articles related to parenting styles, punishment, neglect, and co-parenting. It addresses the following key points: 1) Parenting styles can influence child outcomes, and authoritarian or harsh parenting is linked to greater behavioral issues in children. Neglect can impact brain development. 2) Genetic factors also influence the relationship between harsh parenting and child behaviors, as twins who experience different parenting have differing child outcomes. 3) Co-parenting is most effective when parents cooperate, make the child's needs a priority over conflicts, and keep the child out of disputes between parents. Open communication and compromise are important aspects of effective co-parenting.

1. Parenting Styles, Punishment
and Co-parenting
By: Martha B Klotunowitch , Janelle Smith and Indian Davis
Human Development Through the Lifespan (440557)
October 4, 2016

2. Parenting Styles

3. Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Externalizing Problems in
African American Single-Mother Homes:
A Person-Oriented Approach
By: Margaret T. Anton. Deborah J. Jones and Eric A. Youngstown
University of North Carolina at Chapel
Journal of Family Psychology
2015, Vol. 29, No. 3, 405-415

4. Preliminary Analyses

6. Parental Style as Context: An Integrative Model
Darling, Nancy; Steinberg, Laurence
Psychological Bulletin, Vol 113(3), May 1993, 487-496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487

7. the model they propose, both parenting style and parenting
practices

10. Neglect and Punishment

11. Neglect: fail to care for properly
Punishment: the infliction or
imposition of a penalty as
retribution for an offense

12. Article I
Intergenerational transmission of abuse: Implications for
parenting interventions from a neuropsychological
perspective
 The brain of a neglect child is small than normal brain
 The social, emotional, and cognitive difficulties can be traced to
brain development
 Stress can lead to difficulties in social behavior such as unable to
differentiate, manage or express emotions, and control impulse

14. Article II
A genetically informed study of the association between
harsh punishment and offspring behavioral problems
 Harsh parenting are associated with greater drug and alcohol use among children
raised together in a single family and that twins who are reported to use more
harsh parenting than their co-twins have children who report more alcohol use
that those of their co-twin.
 Controlled corporal punishment such as slapping or spanking has only a slight
association with negative outcomes for children.
 Harsh punishment have significant associations with behavioral and emotional
outcomes in the offspring.

15. The Aspects of Co-Parenting

16. Co-parenting Parenting as a Team
 Studies show that when parents can agree and get along the results are far better
than of those who and unsupportive co parents.
 Although conflict is inevitable be willing to resolve it. Stay calm, negotiate, and
move on. Signs of conflict between parents can make a child uneasy.
 Keep the child's best interest first.
 Be supportive of each other's decision- don’t sweat the small things.

17.  Keep the children out of the middle! – Never use them to as a messenger or bad
mouth the other parent.
 Separate your feelings from behavior- Don’t let emotions provoke inappropriate
decisions/actions.
 Think about the possible impact of the children/ child's well being.
 Be peaceful and respectful- To the best of your ability especially around the children.
 Give updates and communicate important issues- Educational, medical, and
recreational information should be shared.
 Have an open mind and be willing to compromise.

18. Faulty Co Parenting Co Parenting as a Team