The document provides an overview of the Factory Act in India. It discusses: 1) The history and objectives of the Factory Act which aims to protect workers' health and safety. 2) Key aspects regulated by the Act including working hours, welfare provisions, hazardous working conditions and employment of young persons. 3) Elements of an effective safety program such as hazard identification and control, regulatory compliance, training, and performance management. 4) Components of safety management including developing safety plans and policies, providing training, monitoring workplaces, and supervising workers.

1. Prepared by
Miss Unnati .M. Patel
F.Y.M Pharm(PQA)
Guided by
Dr A.D.Kulkarni Sir
HOD of PQA
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

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CONTENTS
1. Factory Act
a. Introduction
b. Objective
c. Scope and Applicability
d. Definations
e. Approval ,licencing and registration of factories
f. Inspecting staff (Chapter II)
g. Certifying surgeons
h. Health and safety(Chapter III & IV)
i. Working hours of adults(Chapter VI)
j. Welfare of workers(Chapter V)
k. Employments of young persons (Chapter VII)
l. Annual leave with wages
2. Elements of Safety Programme
3. Elements of Safety Management
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3. a. Introduction
In India the first Factories Act was passed in 1881. This Act
was basically designed to protect employee and to provide
safety to the workers. This law was applicable to only those
factories where employed 100 or more workers. In 1891
another factories Act was pased which extended to the
factories employing 50/more workers.
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b. Objective
1. To protect workers employed in factories against industrial
and occupational hazard.
2. It also seek to provide that employees should work in
healthly condition and precautions are to be taken for safety
and prevention of accidents.
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c. Scope and applicability
1. Applies to all factories including factories belonging to
control / any state government.
2. The benefits are made avaliable to persons working in
factory.
d. Definations
1. Adult 9. Prime mover
2. Adolescent 10. Calender year
3. Child
4. Young person
5. Day
6. Week
7. Power
8. Occupier
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Making an application to government/ chief inspector
along with duly certified plans and specifications
required.
If application is rejected appeal can be made to
government within 30 days of date of such
rejection.
No order is communicated to applicant within 3
months from date on which it is sent, the
permission is granted.
Application is sent to state government / chief
minister by registered post.
e. Approval , licensing and registration of factories
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Notice by Occupier
The occupier shall sent a written notice to chief
inspector containing following details
a) Name and situation of factory
b) Name and address of occupier
c) Name and address of owner of premises/building
d) Name of manager of factory for purpose of this
act.
e) Total rated horse power installed in factory
f) No. of workers to be employed in factory
g) Avg. no. of workers per day employed during last
12 months in factory.
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f. Inspecting staff(Chapter II)
State government to appoint inspector by notification.
1. Chief inspector
2. Additional chief inspector
3. Joint chief inspector
4. Deputy chief inspector
g. Certifying Surgeons
State government appoint qualified medical
practitioners to be as certifying surgeons. He / she
should follow its respective duties.
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h. Health
and
safety
Cleanlin
ess
Artificial
humdific
ation
Ventilati
on
Drinking
water
Disposal
of waste
Dust &
fumes
Lighting
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i. Working hours of adults
a) Section 51: NMT 48 hrs a week
b) Section 52: Sunday shall be holiday
c) Section 53: Compensatory holidays
d) Section 54: In daily working hrs no adult worker shall
be allowed to work in a factory for more than 9 hr. in
any day.
e) Section 55: Interval for rest- no worker shall work for
more than 5 hr he had interval for rest of at least half
hr.
Inspector may increase it upto 6 hr.
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j. Employments of young persons
 No child who has not complete his 14 yr allowed to work
in factory.
 Certificate of fitness is required
 It is issued by certifying surgeons after examination and
ascertaining fitness for work in factory.
 It is valid for 12 months
 Revocation of certificate by surgeon if worker is no
longer fit.
 Employment of women
 Prohibition of women workers at night shift and shall not
be allowed to work in any factory except between 6am to
7 pm.
 Working hrs NMT 48 hr weekly and daily 9 hr.
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k. Annual leave with wages
 The maternity leave not exceeding 12 weeks and earned leave
in previous year should be included.
 Payment of wages to worker for leave period if he is discharge /
if he quits service.
l. Welfare of workers
 Washing facilities(section 42)
 Facilities of storing and drying clothes(section 43)
 Facilities of sitting(section 44)
 First aid appliances(section 45)
 Canteen(section 46) > 250 workers
 Rest room , shelters, lunch room(section 47) > 150 mens
 Welfare officers(section 48) > 500 workers
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Offences and Penalties – Sec.92-106
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Elements of Safety Programme
1. Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, and Control
2. Workplace Design and Engineering
3. Safety Performance Management
4. Regulatory Compliance Management
5. Training and Orientation
6. Organizational Communications
7. Management and Control of External Exposures
8. Workplace Planning and Staffing
9. Assessments, Audits, and Evaluations
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1. Hazard Recognition, Evaluation, and Control
This involves proactive hazard recognition in terms of
environment (the surroundings of the workers), the people
actually doing the work, equipment/materials used in the work
process. In the lab, as part of the Chemical Hygiene
plan,SOPs are a product of this element. Once hazards have
been identified and prioritized arrange hierarchy on the basis
of risk associated they must be controlled.
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2. Workplace Design and Engineering
Designing safety into a workplace is as important as
designing in efficiency . Some of this is already done
by building code (e.g., electrical standards, fire
suppression, and exit requirements) and other aspects
such as ergonomics(comfort), ventilation, and noise
requirements for the anticipated work , equipment
and safeguarding, materials handling and storage, use
of automated processes must be added.

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3. Safety Performance Management
The actions of employees in relation to safety in their work.
Performance measurement should reflect how workers are
actually doing compared to applicable regulatory requirements.
This should include a system of accountability for meeting
those standards within their control.
4. Regulatory Compliance Management
Animal care facilities must meet OSHA(occupational safety and
health administration), EPA(US Env. Protection Agency),
DOT(department of transportation). It is very important to have
a mechanism for staying informed and complying with existing
regulations and standards. A self-assessment or assessment
conducted by an outside party is a good tool for determining
level of compliance.
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5. Organizational Communications
Communication within the organization keeps employees
informed of new and existing policies, procedures and
missions. Likewise it provides avenues from the front line to
upper management for consideration in the development and
revision of those polices. The flow of information provides
effective health and safety program.
6. Management and Control of External Exposures
This include consideration of incident or emergency
planning. Plans need to be developed for emergencies such
as severe weather, “neighborhood incidents,” and manmade
issues such as protestors or activists.
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8. Workplace Planning and Staffing
In providing an effective safety and health program effective
human resource management is critical. It includes
development of accurate job descriptions to take into
consideration job duties (such as respirator use or hearing
protection use, manual material handling, exposure to
allergens) . Limiting exposures by administrative controls or
other safety considerations (e.g. tasks requiring two people)
and development of safety rules would both be considered in
this element.
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9. Assessments, Audits, and Evaluations
This final set of tools provides a measure for how an
organization is doing in terms of health and safety. These are
used to monitor compliance, behaviors, and provide a yardstick
for progress. A variety of tools are required to address these
needs. These can be performed by in-house staff, committees,
as part of a job task, or with outside consultants. The
assessment results serve as a way for improvement

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Elements of
safety
management
Safety
Plan
Training &
induction
Policies,
procedures
and
processes
Monitoring
Supervision
Reporting
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1. Safety Plan
A safety plan is a strategic action plan that forms part
of the business plan. It analyses the current and
prospective risk for a company and charts how the risks
will be controlled over a period.
2. Policies, procedures and processes
Policies, procedures and processes include all safety paper
infrastructures within the company. This paperwork will
describe all safety behaviour, expectations, record-keeping,
incident reporting, and incident notification documentation.
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3. Training & induction
Depending on the nature of the workplace (whether it is low-risk or
high-risk), everyone who enters the workplace should receive
training on:
the rules of the company;
the rules of the site; and
the rules of the location they are visiting.
The training content will depend on the level of risk the person is
exposed to.
4. Monitoring
The level of risk is consider , higher the risk, the more frequent and
detailed the monitoring needs to be.
It should be done to ensure that all risk has been covered by a new
risk assessment that has been carried out due to a change in process,
e.g. the installation of new workstations.
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5. Supervision
The only way to ensure workers are carrying out their safety
obligations is to have adequate supervision. The level of
supervision required in workplace will increase if the level of
safety control put in place to reduce a risk is low, i.e. the less
effective the control measure used, the higher the level of
supervision necessary.
6. Reporting
Workers need to know about safety – what’s going right and
what’s going wrong. This can only occur when they receive
safety feedback , e.g. how many hazards were identified, the
risk levels associated with those hazards and what control
measures were implemented.
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Reference
1. Vince McLeod, CIH and Glenn R. Ketcham. 9 Essential
Elements for a Successful Health and Safety Program
2. Patwari, P. B. The Factories Act, 1948 Indian Legal
Publications. 3-50
3. Joanna Weekes (2017). 6 elements of an effective safety
management system
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