The demand for increased voltage in renewable energy sources is relatively high. This study examines the rapid development of technology considering the use of voltage-increasing transformers. Voltage regulator circuits are generally used to stabilize the output voltage of the rectifier according to the amount of input from the transformer. However, components for highvoltage stabilizer circuits are rare, which becomes an obstacle to the stabilization of the rectifier output. This study aimed to determine the performance of the designed rectifier circuit against a non-center tap step-up direct current (DC) 400 V transformer and compare the measurement results to manual calculations. The research method is a direct comparison between the input and output voltage values of the transformer after going through a rectifier circuit. This experiment was conducted using the repeatability method three to five times for each voltage variation on the transformer. The voltage variations successfully created are 0 to 50, 0 to 100, 0 to 200, and 0 to 400 V. The output test results from the DC transformer and rectifier circuit show linear results and an increase in peak-to-peak voltage data between the transformer and rectifier outputs by 3.8%.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Enhanced DC to DC Converter using Photovoltaic Micro InverterIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed enhanced DC to DC converter using a photovoltaic micro inverter. The system includes a solar panel that provides DC power to a boost converter. The boost converter increases the voltage and provides power to an H-bridge inverter that converts the DC to an AC waveform. The AC power is then filtered and can be connected to the electric grid. The document outlines the components of the system, provides simulation results of the converter and inverter, and discusses the hardware prototype. It is concluded that the micro inverter design can effectively increase the input voltage from the solar panel and interface with the grid to provide backup or supplemental power.
Parallel Operation of Current-Source Inverter for Low-Voltage High-Current Gr...IJECEIAES
Solar energy is very potential to be developed in a tropical country such as in Indonesia. This energy source is eco-friendly because it can eliminate air pollution such as caused by conventional fossil fuels. This research article presents analysis results of a novel grid-connected photovoltaic system using low-voltage high-current system. The electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic system was sent into the electrical power grid using two or more H-bridge current source inverters operated in parallel. The proposed system is very suitable for large size photovoltaic system because of its some merits. The inverter circuits work generating sinusoidal output currents and controlling the power delivered into the grid. The test results of the new system showed that the system worked properly as interface between photovoltaic system and the electrical grid delivering high ac current with low harmonic distortion.
IRJET- VSI based Standalone PV Generation System using Super-Capacitor to Dri...IRJET Journal
This document describes a standalone photovoltaic system that uses a solar panel, DC-DC converter, and single-phase inverter to drive an induction motor. The solar panel converts sunlight to electrical energy in the form of DC voltage. A DC-DC converter boosts the voltage as needed. An inverter then converts the DC to AC voltage using pulse width modulation to power the induction motor. A capacitor bank at the output of the DC-DC converter filters the voltage before it reaches the inverter. The system provides a reliable electricity source for remote and rural areas using a renewable energy source that has no emissions or noise.
Stand alone regulated single phase five level inverter with coupled inductorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management in 2014. The paper proposes a stand-alone regulated single phase five level inverter with a coupled inductor. It includes a high step-up DC-DC converter as a front-end stage to stabilize the output voltage from a variable DC source. The converter uses a coupled inductor to attain high voltage gain. The inverter can produce a five level AC output without variation in amplitude. The operation of the DC-DC converter and inverter are explained. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the circuit can provide a constant output voltage waveform from different DC input voltages.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Enhanced DC to DC Converter using Photovoltaic Micro InverterIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed enhanced DC to DC converter using a photovoltaic micro inverter. The system includes a solar panel that provides DC power to a boost converter. The boost converter increases the voltage and provides power to an H-bridge inverter that converts the DC to an AC waveform. The AC power is then filtered and can be connected to the electric grid. The document outlines the components of the system, provides simulation results of the converter and inverter, and discusses the hardware prototype. It is concluded that the micro inverter design can effectively increase the input voltage from the solar panel and interface with the grid to provide backup or supplemental power.
Parallel Operation of Current-Source Inverter for Low-Voltage High-Current Gr...IJECEIAES
Solar energy is very potential to be developed in a tropical country such as in Indonesia. This energy source is eco-friendly because it can eliminate air pollution such as caused by conventional fossil fuels. This research article presents analysis results of a novel grid-connected photovoltaic system using low-voltage high-current system. The electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic system was sent into the electrical power grid using two or more H-bridge current source inverters operated in parallel. The proposed system is very suitable for large size photovoltaic system because of its some merits. The inverter circuits work generating sinusoidal output currents and controlling the power delivered into the grid. The test results of the new system showed that the system worked properly as interface between photovoltaic system and the electrical grid delivering high ac current with low harmonic distortion.
IRJET- VSI based Standalone PV Generation System using Super-Capacitor to Dri...IRJET Journal
This document describes a standalone photovoltaic system that uses a solar panel, DC-DC converter, and single-phase inverter to drive an induction motor. The solar panel converts sunlight to electrical energy in the form of DC voltage. A DC-DC converter boosts the voltage as needed. An inverter then converts the DC to AC voltage using pulse width modulation to power the induction motor. A capacitor bank at the output of the DC-DC converter filters the voltage before it reaches the inverter. The system provides a reliable electricity source for remote and rural areas using a renewable energy source that has no emissions or noise.
Stand alone regulated single phase five level inverter with coupled inductorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management in 2014. The paper proposes a stand-alone regulated single phase five level inverter with a coupled inductor. It includes a high step-up DC-DC converter as a front-end stage to stabilize the output voltage from a variable DC source. The converter uses a coupled inductor to attain high voltage gain. The inverter can produce a five level AC output without variation in amplitude. The operation of the DC-DC converter and inverter are explained. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the circuit can provide a constant output voltage waveform from different DC input voltages.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
FORMULATION AND EXECUTION OF A DC TO DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH NON-CONVENTIONAL...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the formulation and execution of a DC to DC boost converter to increase the voltage from a non-conventional energy source for powering an electrolyzer.
2) A boost converter using IGBT switches is designed and simulated in MATLAB to increase the voltage from 32.69V from a 200W solar panel to 226.5V required by the electrolyzer.
3) The simulation results show the converter can achieve over 92% efficiency at full load and maintain the output voltage between 180-226V with varying input voltage and load, making it suitable for powering the electrolyzer from a solar energy source.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
A battery-less energy harvesting interface circuit to extract electrical energy from vibration has been proposed in this paper for low power applications. The voltage doubler integrated with DC – DC boost converter circuits were designed and simulated using MultiSIM software. The circuit was then fabricated onto a printed circuit board (PCB), using standard fabrication process. The Cockcroft Walton doubler was chosen to be implemented in this study by utilizing diode-capacitor topologies with additional RC low pass filter. The DC – DC boost converter has been designed using a CMOS step -up DC – DC switching regulators, which are suitable for low input voltage system. The achievement of this interface circuit was able to boost up the maximum voltage of 5 V for input voltage of 800 mV.
Frequency control in a microgrid including controllable loadIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for frequency control in microgrids that includes renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and controllable loads. The microgrid model analyzed includes solar power, wind power, batteries, supercapacitors, and electric water heaters. The document describes the components of the microgrid, simulation parameters and assumptions. Frequency control is achieved by coordinating the energy storage devices and generators using optimized proportional-integral controllers. Electric water heaters can also help control frequency by adjusting their operating temperature setpoints in response to frequency deviations.
This document describes research on a three-phase inverter based on SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) control. It first provides background on wind energy and discusses using variable speed constant frequency technology in wind power systems. It then presents the overall design of a three-phase inverter, including the main circuit, DSP control system, and PWM inverter. Circuit parameters for a 10kW experimental system are designed, including choosing IGBT modules, filter capacitor and inductor sizing. Hardware design of the digital SPWM inverter control is also discussed, including an adjustment circuit to process voltage signals for the DSP.
Reliability improvement of micro inverter through ac-ripples voltage compensatorhunypink
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method to improve the reliability of micro-inverters by reducing AC ripples on the DC link capacitor. It describes how AC ripples from the inverter stage cause excess heat in the capacitor and reduce its lifespan. The paper presents a design for an "active power decoupling circuit" that uses a film capacitor, H-bridge, and control circuit to convert the second harmonic AC ripples into DC, thereby mitigating the ripples and increasing the capacitor life up to 19 years. Simulations show the proposed circuit reduces ripples from 9.4% to 3.2% compared to using just a bulk capacitor, while still maintaining total harmonic distortion
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Performance of Photovoltaic Assisted Five Level Diode Clamped Inverter fed In...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents the simulation and analysis of Photovoltaic assisted three phase five level Diode Clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive. Photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising for distributed low power generation. Its ability to produce power by directly converting solar energy has led to tremendous surge in its demand. The Photovoltaic output DC is fed to the boost converter to step up the voltage. The use of multilevel inverters have become popular in recent years for high power applications and an effective and practical solution for increasing power and reducing harmonics of AC waveforms. So, here a five level multilevel inverter is used for generating AC voltage from five levels of DC voltages and enhance the performance of the system. The proposed system is used to reduce the amplitudes of all harmonics at the output of the inverter. The power quality improves by reducing the harmonics level. The simulation results for the proposed system are verified using Mat lab / Simulink. The TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) for Diode Clamped multi-level inverter is compared with the three phase inverter and it can be observed that in the higher levels the THD is reduced.
Power quality improvement based on hybrid coordinated design of renewable ene...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power quality for static synchronous compensator on the distribution power system (DSTATCOM) when different types of energy sources are used to supply the DC link channel of DSTATCOM. These types of power supplies have a different effect on the compensation of DSTATCOM due to operation nature of these sources. The dynamic response of the DSTATCOM has investigated that produced by individual and hybrid energy sources to evaluate the influence of these sources in terms of time response, compensation process and reduce the harmonics of current source. Three cases have been considered in this study. First the photovoltaic (PV) cells alone, second the battery storage alone, and third a hybrid coordinated design between (PV cells with battery storage) is used. A boost DC-DC circuit has connected to a photovoltaic cell with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while DC-DC buck-boost circuit is used with a battery. High coordination between PV and battery circuits in the hybrid system is used to improve the performance. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) with a unit vector has used to control the DSTATCOM. The simulation results show that the hybrid design has a superiority response compared to the individual sources.
Fixed Output DC to DC Converter for Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
In This Paper, The Variable Input Voltage And Fixed Output Voltage DC To DC Converter For Photovoltaic System PV System Is Designed, Simulated And Constructed. There Are Three Main Portions In The Proposed System. They Are Solar Power Sensing System, The Controlling System And DC To DC Converter. In The Solar Power Sensing System, NPN Transistors 2SC 945 Are Used For Voltage Sensor And Logic Converter. In The Controlling System, PIC 16F876A Is Used To Determine The Solar Power Level And Control The DC To DC Converter. It Also Reads The Input And Output Voltage Values Of The DC To DC Converter Using Its Analog To Digital Converter A D Converter And Shows This Value On The Four Seven Segments Light Emitting Diodes Leds . The Developed Program For PIC 16F876A Is Tested With Proteus Simulation Software. In The DC To DC Converter, TL 494 Switch mode Pulse Width Modulation Control Circuit Is Used To Control The Power MOSFET Which Drives The Ferrite Core Transformer High Frequency Transformer Or Power Transformer . Dr. Thida Aung "Fixed Output DC to DC Converter for Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27988.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27988/fixed-output-dc-to-dc-converter-for-photovoltaic-system/dr-thida-aung
Design and Implementation of Photovoltaic Module using Multilevel Inverter an...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a photovoltaic solar power system that uses a multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter and dual-stage boost converter. Solar panels generate DC power that is boosted to a higher voltage by a dual-stage boost converter. This output is then fed to a multilevel inverter which produces an AC voltage with reduced harmonic distortion compared to lower level inverters. The document compares the total harmonic distortion of output waveforms from 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 level inverters and discusses how distortion decreases as the number of levels increases. It also examines filtering the inverter output with an LPF filter to achieve a sinusoidal waveform suitable for feeding into the power grid.
Hybrid Inverter Using Solar Battery ChargerIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on a hybrid inverter that uses both solar energy and grid electricity to generate power. The hybrid inverter combines solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, and an inverter.
2) The hybrid inverter operates in two modes - grid-tied mode uses grid power to supplement solar power, while standalone mode uses only solar and battery power.
3) Testing showed the hybrid inverter is efficient, reliable, and cost-effective. It can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, making it suitable for domestic and commercial use.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IRJET - Single Phase Inverter using MOSFETIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a single-phase inverter using MOSFETs. It discusses how inverters work to convert DC power to AC power and the components used in this single-phase inverter circuit. The inverter is designed to take a 12V DC input from a battery and provide a 1000VA, 220V AC output to power domestic loads. It uses MOSFETs for the inversion process due to their advantages over other transistors. The circuit design includes an oscillation stage to generate a 50Hz signal and a buffer stage to drive the MOSFET gates. The inverter successfully provides an AC output from the DC input to power electrical appliances.
A comparison of single phase standalone square waveform solar inverter topolo...IJECEIAES
In stand-alone photovoltaic installations the photovoltaic inverter allows transforming the DC power produced by the photovoltaic modules into an AC power. Depending on the shape of the AC output voltage generated by the inverter there exist three main types of stand-alone PV inverters: pure sine waveform inverters, modulated sine waveform inverters and square waveform inverters and each type of these inverters is also divided into different topologies. In this paper we will be interested and study the square waveform stand-alone inverter topologies which are the half bridge and the full bridge inverter topologies.
This document presents the construction of a 2KVA inverter by six students at the Federal Polytechnic in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. It was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an Ordinary National Diploma in Electrical Electronics Engineering. The document discusses the background, aims and objectives, literature review on early inverter designs, basic design considerations, and the difference between sine wave and modified sine wave inverters. The overall goal of the project was to efficiently convert DC power from a battery to high voltage AC power that can be used to power appliances.
A review on power electronics application on wind turbineseSAT Journals
This document provides a review of power electronics applications for wind energy systems. It describes various wind turbine systems that use different generator types and power electronic converters. Power electronics play an important role in integrating variable-speed wind power generation units to achieve high efficiency and performance in power systems. The document discusses applications of power electronics for wind turbines, including soft-starters for fixed-speed turbines, and technologies that enable variable-speed operation like doubly fed induction generators. It also covers issues of operating wind turbines in power systems and maintaining power quality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET - Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter using Renewable Energy ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems. It combines coupled inductors and switched capacitors to achieve high voltage gain without high turns ratios. The converter uses three renewable energy sources - wind power, thermoelectric power from a Peltier module, and power from microbial fuel cells. It includes a voltage multiplier circuit to boost the low input voltage from 12V to 350V. Experimental results from a prototype validate the high voltage gain even with a turns ratio of 1:1 between the coupled inductors. Key waveforms and the voltages/currents of the diodes are shown to demonstrate the operation and performance of the converter.
Renewable Energy Based on Current Fed Switched Inverter for Smart Grid Applic...MangaiK4
Abstract - Renewable energy is used in the current fed switched inverter for high power production. High voltage support, wide yield ranges of operation, shoot-through resistance are a portion of the desired properties of an inverter for a reliable, versatile and less ripple AC inversion. This paper proposes a single stage, high boost inverter with buck-boost capacity which has a few particular advantages over traditional voltage source inverters (VSI) like better EMI noise, wide input and output voltage range of operation, and so on. The proposed inverter is named as Current-Fed Switched Inverter (CFSI). A renewable energy based converter structure of CFSI has been created which supplies both AC and DC loads, at the same time, from a single DC supply which makes it reasonable for DC smart grid application. This paper proposes the operation and control of a CFSI based converter which directs the AC and DC conversion voltages at their reference. The advancement of the proposed converter from essential current fed DC/DC topology is explained. The closed loop controller is verified by using the MATLAB/ Simulink environment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
More Related Content
Similar to Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit design
FORMULATION AND EXECUTION OF A DC TO DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH NON-CONVENTIONAL...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the formulation and execution of a DC to DC boost converter to increase the voltage from a non-conventional energy source for powering an electrolyzer.
2) A boost converter using IGBT switches is designed and simulated in MATLAB to increase the voltage from 32.69V from a 200W solar panel to 226.5V required by the electrolyzer.
3) The simulation results show the converter can achieve over 92% efficiency at full load and maintain the output voltage between 180-226V with varying input voltage and load, making it suitable for powering the electrolyzer from a solar energy source.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
A battery-less energy harvesting interface circuit to extract electrical energy from vibration has been proposed in this paper for low power applications. The voltage doubler integrated with DC – DC boost converter circuits were designed and simulated using MultiSIM software. The circuit was then fabricated onto a printed circuit board (PCB), using standard fabrication process. The Cockcroft Walton doubler was chosen to be implemented in this study by utilizing diode-capacitor topologies with additional RC low pass filter. The DC – DC boost converter has been designed using a CMOS step -up DC – DC switching regulators, which are suitable for low input voltage system. The achievement of this interface circuit was able to boost up the maximum voltage of 5 V for input voltage of 800 mV.
Frequency control in a microgrid including controllable loadIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for frequency control in microgrids that includes renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and controllable loads. The microgrid model analyzed includes solar power, wind power, batteries, supercapacitors, and electric water heaters. The document describes the components of the microgrid, simulation parameters and assumptions. Frequency control is achieved by coordinating the energy storage devices and generators using optimized proportional-integral controllers. Electric water heaters can also help control frequency by adjusting their operating temperature setpoints in response to frequency deviations.
This document describes research on a three-phase inverter based on SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) control. It first provides background on wind energy and discusses using variable speed constant frequency technology in wind power systems. It then presents the overall design of a three-phase inverter, including the main circuit, DSP control system, and PWM inverter. Circuit parameters for a 10kW experimental system are designed, including choosing IGBT modules, filter capacitor and inductor sizing. Hardware design of the digital SPWM inverter control is also discussed, including an adjustment circuit to process voltage signals for the DSP.
Reliability improvement of micro inverter through ac-ripples voltage compensatorhunypink
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method to improve the reliability of micro-inverters by reducing AC ripples on the DC link capacitor. It describes how AC ripples from the inverter stage cause excess heat in the capacitor and reduce its lifespan. The paper presents a design for an "active power decoupling circuit" that uses a film capacitor, H-bridge, and control circuit to convert the second harmonic AC ripples into DC, thereby mitigating the ripples and increasing the capacitor life up to 19 years. Simulations show the proposed circuit reduces ripples from 9.4% to 3.2% compared to using just a bulk capacitor, while still maintaining total harmonic distortion
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Performance of Photovoltaic Assisted Five Level Diode Clamped Inverter fed In...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents the simulation and analysis of Photovoltaic assisted three phase five level Diode Clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive. Photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising for distributed low power generation. Its ability to produce power by directly converting solar energy has led to tremendous surge in its demand. The Photovoltaic output DC is fed to the boost converter to step up the voltage. The use of multilevel inverters have become popular in recent years for high power applications and an effective and practical solution for increasing power and reducing harmonics of AC waveforms. So, here a five level multilevel inverter is used for generating AC voltage from five levels of DC voltages and enhance the performance of the system. The proposed system is used to reduce the amplitudes of all harmonics at the output of the inverter. The power quality improves by reducing the harmonics level. The simulation results for the proposed system are verified using Mat lab / Simulink. The TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) for Diode Clamped multi-level inverter is compared with the three phase inverter and it can be observed that in the higher levels the THD is reduced.
Power quality improvement based on hybrid coordinated design of renewable ene...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power quality for static synchronous compensator on the distribution power system (DSTATCOM) when different types of energy sources are used to supply the DC link channel of DSTATCOM. These types of power supplies have a different effect on the compensation of DSTATCOM due to operation nature of these sources. The dynamic response of the DSTATCOM has investigated that produced by individual and hybrid energy sources to evaluate the influence of these sources in terms of time response, compensation process and reduce the harmonics of current source. Three cases have been considered in this study. First the photovoltaic (PV) cells alone, second the battery storage alone, and third a hybrid coordinated design between (PV cells with battery storage) is used. A boost DC-DC circuit has connected to a photovoltaic cell with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while DC-DC buck-boost circuit is used with a battery. High coordination between PV and battery circuits in the hybrid system is used to improve the performance. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) with a unit vector has used to control the DSTATCOM. The simulation results show that the hybrid design has a superiority response compared to the individual sources.
Fixed Output DC to DC Converter for Photovoltaic Systemijtsrd
In This Paper, The Variable Input Voltage And Fixed Output Voltage DC To DC Converter For Photovoltaic System PV System Is Designed, Simulated And Constructed. There Are Three Main Portions In The Proposed System. They Are Solar Power Sensing System, The Controlling System And DC To DC Converter. In The Solar Power Sensing System, NPN Transistors 2SC 945 Are Used For Voltage Sensor And Logic Converter. In The Controlling System, PIC 16F876A Is Used To Determine The Solar Power Level And Control The DC To DC Converter. It Also Reads The Input And Output Voltage Values Of The DC To DC Converter Using Its Analog To Digital Converter A D Converter And Shows This Value On The Four Seven Segments Light Emitting Diodes Leds . The Developed Program For PIC 16F876A Is Tested With Proteus Simulation Software. In The DC To DC Converter, TL 494 Switch mode Pulse Width Modulation Control Circuit Is Used To Control The Power MOSFET Which Drives The Ferrite Core Transformer High Frequency Transformer Or Power Transformer . Dr. Thida Aung "Fixed Output DC to DC Converter for Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27988.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27988/fixed-output-dc-to-dc-converter-for-photovoltaic-system/dr-thida-aung
Design and Implementation of Photovoltaic Module using Multilevel Inverter an...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a photovoltaic solar power system that uses a multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter and dual-stage boost converter. Solar panels generate DC power that is boosted to a higher voltage by a dual-stage boost converter. This output is then fed to a multilevel inverter which produces an AC voltage with reduced harmonic distortion compared to lower level inverters. The document compares the total harmonic distortion of output waveforms from 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 level inverters and discusses how distortion decreases as the number of levels increases. It also examines filtering the inverter output with an LPF filter to achieve a sinusoidal waveform suitable for feeding into the power grid.
Hybrid Inverter Using Solar Battery ChargerIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on a hybrid inverter that uses both solar energy and grid electricity to generate power. The hybrid inverter combines solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, and an inverter.
2) The hybrid inverter operates in two modes - grid-tied mode uses grid power to supplement solar power, while standalone mode uses only solar and battery power.
3) Testing showed the hybrid inverter is efficient, reliable, and cost-effective. It can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, making it suitable for domestic and commercial use.
This paper presents the detail circuitry modeling of single phase off-grid inverter for small standalone system applications. The entire model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform using circuitry model. This off grid inverter consists of a high frequency DC-DC step up converter cascaded with a full bridge PI control voltage source inverter using SPWM modulation with LC filter to produce sine wave output. This is a common design used in many small commercial off-grid inverter. This off-grid inverter model is capable to produce AC sinewave output voltage at 230 V 50 Hz up to 1 kW power from a 48 V DC lead acid battery source. The AC sine wave output waveform achieved a voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 1 % which is almost a pure sine wave. The conversion efficiency performance of the off-grid inverter achieved more than 94 %. The performance of the model is validated by real commercial off-grid inverter. The performance validation experiment shows that the off-grid inverter Simulink model conversion efficiency and THD performance are comparable to the commercial off-grid inverter. This model contributes to assist small to medium standalone system load and battery sizing design with greater accuracy.
IRJET - Single Phase Inverter using MOSFETIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a single-phase inverter using MOSFETs. It discusses how inverters work to convert DC power to AC power and the components used in this single-phase inverter circuit. The inverter is designed to take a 12V DC input from a battery and provide a 1000VA, 220V AC output to power domestic loads. It uses MOSFETs for the inversion process due to their advantages over other transistors. The circuit design includes an oscillation stage to generate a 50Hz signal and a buffer stage to drive the MOSFET gates. The inverter successfully provides an AC output from the DC input to power electrical appliances.
A comparison of single phase standalone square waveform solar inverter topolo...IJECEIAES
In stand-alone photovoltaic installations the photovoltaic inverter allows transforming the DC power produced by the photovoltaic modules into an AC power. Depending on the shape of the AC output voltage generated by the inverter there exist three main types of stand-alone PV inverters: pure sine waveform inverters, modulated sine waveform inverters and square waveform inverters and each type of these inverters is also divided into different topologies. In this paper we will be interested and study the square waveform stand-alone inverter topologies which are the half bridge and the full bridge inverter topologies.
This document presents the construction of a 2KVA inverter by six students at the Federal Polytechnic in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. It was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an Ordinary National Diploma in Electrical Electronics Engineering. The document discusses the background, aims and objectives, literature review on early inverter designs, basic design considerations, and the difference between sine wave and modified sine wave inverters. The overall goal of the project was to efficiently convert DC power from a battery to high voltage AC power that can be used to power appliances.
A review on power electronics application on wind turbineseSAT Journals
This document provides a review of power electronics applications for wind energy systems. It describes various wind turbine systems that use different generator types and power electronic converters. Power electronics play an important role in integrating variable-speed wind power generation units to achieve high efficiency and performance in power systems. The document discusses applications of power electronics for wind turbines, including soft-starters for fixed-speed turbines, and technologies that enable variable-speed operation like doubly fed induction generators. It also covers issues of operating wind turbines in power systems and maintaining power quality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET - Interleaved High Step-Up DC-DC Converter using Renewable Energy ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an interleaved high step-up DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems. It combines coupled inductors and switched capacitors to achieve high voltage gain without high turns ratios. The converter uses three renewable energy sources - wind power, thermoelectric power from a Peltier module, and power from microbial fuel cells. It includes a voltage multiplier circuit to boost the low input voltage from 12V to 350V. Experimental results from a prototype validate the high voltage gain even with a turns ratio of 1:1 between the coupled inductors. Key waveforms and the voltages/currents of the diodes are shown to demonstrate the operation and performance of the converter.
Renewable Energy Based on Current Fed Switched Inverter for Smart Grid Applic...MangaiK4
Abstract - Renewable energy is used in the current fed switched inverter for high power production. High voltage support, wide yield ranges of operation, shoot-through resistance are a portion of the desired properties of an inverter for a reliable, versatile and less ripple AC inversion. This paper proposes a single stage, high boost inverter with buck-boost capacity which has a few particular advantages over traditional voltage source inverters (VSI) like better EMI noise, wide input and output voltage range of operation, and so on. The proposed inverter is named as Current-Fed Switched Inverter (CFSI). A renewable energy based converter structure of CFSI has been created which supplies both AC and DC loads, at the same time, from a single DC supply which makes it reasonable for DC smart grid application. This paper proposes the operation and control of a CFSI based converter which directs the AC and DC conversion voltages at their reference. The advancement of the proposed converter from essential current fed DC/DC topology is explained. The closed loop controller is verified by using the MATLAB/ Simulink environment.
Similar to Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit design (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit design
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2023, pp. 1320~1328
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1320-1328 1320
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with
a simple rectifier circuit design
Fitri Puspasari1,2
, Sismanto1
, Ahmad Ashari3
1
Geophysical Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vocational Schools, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3
Computer Systems and Network Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Feb 11, 2022
Revised Aug 22, 2022
Accepted Oct 1, 2022
The demand for increased voltage in renewable energy sources is relatively
high. This study examines the rapid development of technology considering
the use of voltage-increasing transformers. Voltage regulator circuits are
generally used to stabilize the output voltage of the rectifier according to the
amount of input from the transformer. However, components for high-
voltage stabilizer circuits are rare, which becomes an obstacle to the
stabilization of the rectifier output. This study aimed to determine the
performance of the designed rectifier circuit against a non-center tap step-up
direct current (DC) 400 V transformer and compare the measurement results
to manual calculations. The research method is a direct comparison between
the input and output voltage values of the transformer after going through a
rectifier circuit. This experiment was conducted using the repeatability
method three to five times for each voltage variation on the transformer. The
voltage variations successfully created are 0 to 50, 0 to 100, 0 to 200, and
0 to 400 V. The output test results from the DC transformer and rectifier
circuit show linear results and an increase in peak-to-peak voltage data
between the transformer and rectifier outputs by 3.8%.
Keywords:
Alternating current
Direct current
Rectifier
Transformer
Voltage
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Sismanto
Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University
Bulaksumur, Mlati, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Email: sismanto@ugm.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of electricity is increasing day by day. Because non-renewable energy sources will run out
in a few years. Many research developments are taking place on renewable energy sources to generate
electricity [1]. The use of the electric current in everyday life in the household and industrial sectors has gone
through generation and transmission in alternating current (AC). Energy can be stored in the field storage
segment of interest (inductors, transformers) or the electric field storage section (capacitors) [2]. The sending
and generating current of AC is more economical than that of direct current (DC) [3]. The transformer is one
component that has an essential role in distributing electric current. The transformer is used to increase or
decrease the AC voltage. The working principle of the transformer is based on the theory of AC
electromagnetic induction [4]. The transformer can be applied to a high current with low voltage [5], [6].
Transformer life can be affected by transient currents that appear on it due to electromechanical forces [7].
The transformer is an important component of the power system, facilitating the economical transfer
of power from generation to demand by changing its terminal voltage levels [8]. Transformers are used to
decrease or increase the voltage sourced from power plants and can be raised to hundreds of kilovolts (kV).
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit … (Fitri Puspasari)
1321
At this time, the use of high voltage in renewable energy sources is very much needed. The high power
demands are usually met by the advanced power electronics of the converter in some large utility and electric
drive applications [9]. Renewable energy resources such as photovoltaics, wind turbines and fuel cells are
widely used around the world [10]. In electricity production, solar photovoltaic plays an important role
because it is widely available in almost all parts of the world, clean, reliable and scalable [11], [12]. One of
the most important parts of a modern power system is a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Recently,
this system has gotten a big revolution due to the introduction of transformer less inverter. It has the benefits
of small size, low cost and high efficiency [13]. In the utilization of photovoltaic (PV), a DC voltage
converter is needed as a voltage regulator output [14]. In order to increase the voltage level, it is important to
design and study new high gain, efficient upgrade converters [15]. Several studies related to the use and
testing of high-voltage transformer types have also been conducted [16]–[18]. The voltage will be distributed
for various purposes after its increase.
One study has been developed on step-up converters by applying a single switch with a paired
inductor and has a high-efficiency value [19]. DC-DC converters are increasingly important in several
industrial applications [20]. Some common uses of DC-DC converters include controlling traction motors in
electric car engines, forklift trucks, marine hoists, mine haulers, and trolley cars. This converter can be
applied to improve energy conservation in transportation systems [21]–[23]. Very high gain step-up DC-DC
power converters are commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems and fuel cells [24]. In a
micro converter, for example, the output voltage of each PV module (about 36 to 42 Vdc) must be raised
directly to 400 Vdc [25].
Furthermore, the voltage-lowering type transformer reduces the distribution of high-voltage sources
to meet household and industrial needs. The voltage drop generally reaches a voltage of 220/380 V [26]. In
addition to the industrial and household fields, several researchers have examined the use of transformers,
including that in the railway network [27], on a wireless temperature monitoring system as a producer of
electrodynamic energy [28], in the copper production enhancement system [29], and that in the dielectric
barrier discharge process [30].
The type of current in the transformer is AC. If a DC voltage is required for an electronic device, then
converting AC into DC is necessary for operation. Generally the DC voltage generated by fuel cells is highly
variable and of low magnitude; it is between 20 and 50 V at full load [31]. The nature of the DC supply lies in
its stability and slight ripple coefficient, while the AC supply has minimal distortion. The circuit used to rectify
AC into DC is called a rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is a wave rectifier, which is crucial in stabilizing
the voltage in electronic circuits [32]–[34]. A wave rectifier on a power supply comprises four critical
components: a voltage reducer (transformer), a wave rectifier (diode), a filter (capacitor), and a voltage
regulator. The four main parts of the power supply operate to produce a stable DC. A DC power supply is vital
in electronic devices because it can provide power that functions as energy for electronic circuits, such as
amplifiers [35]. Previous research has developed a power supply designed for renewable-grid integration
rectifier [36]. A block diagram of the rectifier location in a power supply circuit is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Power supply block diagram
Figure 1 shows that the position of the rectifier circuit is after the transformer and before the filter
circuit. The rectifier position is critical because it provides DC for the following circuit block. A filter is
needed to filter the waves after rectifying the transformer’s voltage. The regulator circuit will stabilize the
voltage value [37], [38]. The voltage regulator circuit generally aims to stabilize the output voltage of the
rectifier according to the magnitude of the input from the transformer. However, components for high-
voltage stabilizer circuits are rarely encountered, which becomes an obstacle to the output stabilization of the
rectifier. The current research is focused on studying the fabrication of a non-CT 400 V transformer with four
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2023: 1320-1328
1322
voltage variations and the fabrication of a rectifier circuit for further integration tests with and without a
voltage regulator circuit. The transformer built in this study is a non-CT transformer with a voltage value of
four variations from 0 V to 400 V, including 0 to 50, 0 to 100, 0 to 200, and 0 to 400 V. The concept of wave
rectifier is divided into two types: half- and full-wave rectifiers. A full-wave rectifier is applied to an AC
source from a zero transformer or a transformer with no center point (CT). The principle of a full-wave
rectifier uses four diodes in the form of a bridge diode. A diode bridge is an arrangement of four diodes
connected in a “bridge” manner. The diode bridge can be a compact packing with four legs or four separate
diodes assembled as a diode bridge [39], [40].
DC voltage is the output of the rectifier circuit, which remains in the form of a substantially large
ripple. The filter circuit is needed after the rectifier circuit to produce a low ripple DC voltage signal [41]. The
filter circuit comprises a capacitor [42]. The type of capacitor commonly used for ripple filters is the electrolytic
type of condenser. To produce a high voltage, a number of capacitors are connected in parallel to charge and
then in series can produce a higher voltage during the off period [43]. The selection of capacitors as filters must
meet the criteria. The adjustable gain converter switching capacitor is designed with multiple no-load voltages
for higher efficiency over the voltage control range [44]. That is, the working voltage must be higher than the
supply voltage and the capacitance value. These criteria determine the amount of ripple generated at DC
voltage. The resulting DC ripple changes will remain unaffected When the capacitance is smaller. Conversely, if
the capacitance value increases, the DC ripple will be smoother, approaching pure DC [45], [46].
The amount of DC voltage ripple in a transformer power supply is influenced by the value of the
filter capacitor, load current, and frequency. The frequency value of the full-wave rectifier is similar to the
input frequency of the transformer, namely 50 or 60 Hz. By contrast, the diode bridge rectifier has twice the
input frequency of 100 or 120 Hz. To calculate the ripple voltage value, it is presented in (1),
𝑉𝑅𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑝 =
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑓 𝑅𝐿 𝐶
=
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑓 𝐶
𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑉𝑅𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 =
𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑓 𝐶
(1)
where 𝑉𝑅𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 is ripple voltage (volts), 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 is the peak voltage of unfiltered voltage, RL is the load voltage,
𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 is load current (amperes), 𝑓 is frequency (Hz), and 𝐶 is value of capacitance (F).
The function of the capacitor is to suppress the ripple occurrence due to the AC wave rectification
process. It is necessary to focus on being concerned about the output voltage ripple to obtain a pure output
voltage. For a full-wave rectifier with a capacitor used to filter the input, the calculations to find the peak-to-
peak ripple voltage and the value of the VDC filter output voltage are given in (1) and (2). Based on (1), the
variable Vp(rect) is the peak voltage rectified without a filter. It can be illustrated that when the value of RL
or C increases, the ripple voltage decreases, indicating that the DC voltage is rising. A DC Voltage is the DC
(average) value of the filter’s output voltage. A pure DC signal pure requires a substantial capacitance.
Output voltage ripple can be reduced by choosing a large capacitor. The voltage ripple across each capacitor
can be calculated by considering the decrease in voltage across the capacitor when the transistor is closed
because the current is negative [47]. The output of this full-wave rectifier circuit will be a DC voltage after
the capacitor is installed as a filter, which can be formulated as (2):
𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
2𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜋
(2)
where 𝑉𝑑𝑐 is DC voltage (volts), 𝑉
𝑚𝑎𝑥 is peak value of one rectifier diode (volts), and 𝜋 = 3.14.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The circuit design in this study requires several equipment and components, including tools and
materials, to create a 400 V transformer, diodes, capacitor, voltmeter, connecting cable, printed circuit board
(PCB) circuits, and others. The first step in designing a transformer is determining the specifications of the
preferred transformer. The typical specifications of the transformer include determining the desired output
voltage and the required components. The transformer created in this study is a non-CT transformer. The
transformer and rectifier circuits can then be designed. The manufacture of a non-CT transformer requires a
full-wave rectifier with four diodes, as shown in Figure 2. The figure shows the working principle of a
full-wave rectifier with four diodes, which starts when the transformer output provides a positive-side voltage
level: 𝐷1 and 𝐷4 are in the forward bias position, while 𝐷2 and 𝐷3 are in the reverse bias position.
Furthermore, the positive peak-side voltage level will be passed through 𝐷1 to 𝐷4. 𝐷2 and 𝐷4 are in the
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit … (Fitri Puspasari)
1323
forward bias position when the output of the transformer provides the negative peak-side voltage level, and
𝐷1, 𝐷2 are in the reverse bias position. Thus, the negative-side voltage level flows through 𝐷2, 𝐷4 [48].
Figure 2. Full-wave rectifier with four diodes
Tests are conducted to determine the performance of the designed transformer and rectifier circuit.
This test comprises two stages: precision testing on the transformer and integration testing on the rectifier
circuit. The precision testing stage is performed at the input voltage from 0 to 400 V. The test results are then
compared with measurements from theoretical calculations and multimeters and matched with variations in
the initial voltage value on the transformer. Furthermore, the output of the rectifier is a DC voltage. The second
test is the integration of the transformer with the rectifier circuit. The test scheme is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Schematic transformer integration test with a rectifier circuit
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of this study are in the form of a prototype design of a transformer and a rectifier circuit.
The transformer comprises two or more iron cores wrapped in copper wire windings. AC will flow through
the iron core; thus, the iron core can turn into a magnet. Figure 4 depicts a completed 0 to 400 V voltage
transformer.
The transformer’s voltage on the primary side comprises 14 V in this study. Four output voltage
variations can be operated with a switch system, that is, switched on alternately on the secondary side, which
includes the output of 50, 100, 200, and 400 V as shown in Figure 4. The winding of the wire in the
transformer is created using enamel wire with a small cross-sectional area, and the current value is below
200 mA. The voltage level in the transformer can be changed by adjusting the number of wires turns in the
transformer core, which can be used to calculate the voltage ratio in the transformer.
The manufacture of the transformer starts by creating cable/wire coils from the transformer core in
the form of an iron plate and selecting the cross-sectional area of the cable/wire through the desired output
current value. Electrical cables/wires have varying cross-sectional area sizes. A large cable cross-section
indicates a substantial current carrying capability. The significant value of electric current that can be charged
to an electric line is called the current conducting capacity (KHA). The manufacture of a transformer in this
study uses a wire size of 2.1 and 0.35 mm for the primary and secondary sides, respectively. The cross-
sectional area of the wire is based on the calculated current carrying capacity, which can be determined by
calculating the power from the primary side of the required transformer. The necessary energy for the
transformer is 154 VA. The power of 154 VA is then divided by the input voltage of the transformer of 14 V
to produce a current value of 11 A. The KHA table reveals that a current of 11 A requires a wire with a
cross-sectional area of approximately 2.5 mm to facilitate flow. Instead of modifying the transformer of a
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2023: 1320-1328
1324
manufacturer, several reasons for creating a transformer design are as follows. Disassembling the transformer
is difficult because the completed transformer contains resin and glue, which must be cleaned before
modification. Another reason is that the magnet from the transformer may not adjust to the needs because the
ready-made transformer is generally designed to follow the required size. Meanwhile, the designed
transformer requires more magnets than ordinary transformer magnets.
Figure 4. Transformer with a voltage variation of 0 to 400 V
3.1. Transformer test results
Testing the transformer prototype requires a 220 V AC voltage source from State Electricity
Company (PLN). The output of the PLN electricity is forwarded to the step-down transformer from 220 to
12 V, and then the 12 V CT transformer output will be the input of the 400 V step-up transformer. The
schematic and test results of the transformer are respectively shown in Figures 5 and 6.
Figure 5. Transformer test diagram
Figure 6. Graph of data from the test results for variations in transformer values
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit … (Fitri Puspasari)
1325
Table 1 shows the voltage drop from the voltage variation constant value in a non-CT transformer.
The data presented are the average of the results of repeated measurements three times. The voltage drop is
due to the voltage on the 12 V battery, which is only approximately 11.6 V. Therefore, the voltage data from
the measured transformer output also decrease when the test is conducted.
Table 1. Transformer and rectifier circuit integration test data
Variation of step-up transformer output (Volt) Transformer output (measurement) (Volt) DC rectifier voltage output (Volts)
0 0 0
50 46.2 63.15
100 91.4 124.4
200 181 250
400 362 497.6
3.2. Rectifier circuit design and test
The rectifier circuit in the transformer amplifier comprises several components, which are presented
in Figure 7. The specifications of this rectifier circuit contain four capacitors. Each capacitor is connected to
the RS208 diode bridge. The rectifier circuit also comprises an input pin connected to the transformer’s
output and then rectified through a diode and filtered by a capacitor. Four diodes and capacitors each adjust
to the needs of the variation of the transformer output: the 470 uf 160 V capacitor for the 50 and 100 V
transformer output variations, the 470 uf 350 V capacitor for 200 V output variation, and the 470 uf 450 V
capacitor for 400 V output variation.
Figure 7. Rectifier circuit
The schematic of the integration test of the transformer and rectifier circuit is described in Figure 3.
The test results data are then presented in Table 1. The transformer is integrated with a rectifier circuit using
a 14 V DC voltage source. Table 1 shows an increase in the voltage value of the transformer output after
going through the rectifier circuit. Theoretically, the transformer output voltage remains in the form of AC. If
rectified to DC, then the voltage will increase. An AC scale Avometer is typically used when measuring AC
voltage to determine the voltage value, and the data obtained by the Avometer include root mean square
(RMS) voltage, not peak-to-peak (𝑉𝑃𝑃) voltage. Meanwhile, the voltage transforms into DC after being
rectified using a rectifier diode and filtered by a capacitor (Elco). The DC voltage is then measured using an
Avometer on a DC scale, and the voltage data obtained are the volt peak-to-peak (𝑉𝑃𝑃) voltage. This
condition causes a difference in the voltage value when measured from the transformer input and rectifier
output. Therefore, the measured voltage data have increased the value of the voltage data.
Calculating the safe voltage of the capacitor (Elco) in the rectifier circuit based on the data above is
necessary. Therefore, the capacitor can work at a safe voltage, is durable, and is not easily damaged or dry.
The conversion formula for RMS voltage to peak-to-peak voltage is written in (3):
𝑉𝑃𝑃 = 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 +
𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆
3,14
(3)
where 𝑉𝑃𝑃 is peak-to-peak voltage (Volts) and 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 is root mean square voltage (Volt).
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2023: 1320-1328
1326
The value of the transformer output voltage (𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆) has a difference of 24% from that of the
𝑉𝑃𝑃 based on the calculation results using (3). Figure 8 shows the graph of the relationship between the
voltage variation on the transformer to the transformer output voltage in the form of conversion 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 to 𝑉𝑃𝑃
and the output voltage response in the rectifier circuit. The figure reveals that the output to the input voltage
variation of 0 to 400 V shows a good linearity relationship. This finding indicates that the design is efficient.
The test is conducted on the fluctuations in the output voltage value, namely for the output voltage with
inputs of 50, 100, 200, and 400 V.
Figure 8. Voltage variation of the transformer on the results of the transformer and rectifier voltage
measurements
4. CONCLUSION
This paper reports the successful design of a non-CT transformer and a 400 V DC high-voltage
amplification rectifier circuit. The voltage variations successfully created are 0 to 50, 0 to 100, 0 to 200, and
0 to 400 V. The output test results from the DC rectifier transformer and diode circuit show linear results and
an increase in peak-to-peak voltage data between the transformer output and the rectifier circuit by 3.8%.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work is funded by the Indonesian Education Scholarship (BPI) from the Indonesian Endowment
Fund for Education/Institute of Education Fund Management (LPDP).
REFERENCES
[1] D. Ramya and D. Godwin Immanuel, “Implementation of non-isolated three-port converter through augmented time response,”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 913–923, 2021, doi:
10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp913-923.
[2] L. Ramalingam, K. Karunanithi, and P. Chandrasekar, “Fuzzy-logic-control of two-switch & three-switch-serial-input interleaved-
forward-converters,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 147–155,
Oct. 2019, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i1.pp147-155.
[3] D. Antoniou, A. Tzimas, and S. M. Rowland, “Transition from alternating current to direct current low voltage distribution
networks,” IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1391–1401, 2015, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0823.
[4] B. E. Cahyono, M. S. Ali, and S. Supriyadi, “Analysis the effect of primary coil length of transformator to the resulted
electromotif force,” Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 31–38, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.21009/SPEKTRA.041.04.
[5] M. Wang, Y. Li, B. An, L. Luo, P. Wang, and L. Gang, “A new 24-pulse rectifier transformer with delta-extended connection,”
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 223, no. 1, Art. no. 012027, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1088/1755-
1315/223/1/012027.
[6] R. S. Bhide, S. V. Kulkarni, and P. B. Bhandarkar, “Analysis of five-legged transformer used for parallel operation of rectifiers by
coupled circuit-field approach,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 607–616, 2011, doi:
10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2038058.
[7] R. Guimarães, A. C. Delaiba, J. C. Oliveira, E. Saraiva, and A. J. J. Pereira Rosentino, “Electromechanical forces in transformers
caused by inrush currents: An analytical, numerical and experimental approach,” Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical
Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 863–872, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s40313-013-0068-4.
[8] S. S. Sami, M. T. Muhssin, Z. A. Obaid, and A. N. Hussain, “Detailed modelling and simulation of single-phase transformers for
research and educational purposes,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 24,
no. 1, pp. 37–49, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp37-49.
8. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Fabrication and experimental study of transformer 400 V with a simple rectifier circuit … (Fitri Puspasari)
1327
[9] P. Anusha and B. V. Rajanna, “Induction drive system with DSTATCOM based asymmetric twin converter,” International
Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1826–1834, 2020, doi:
10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1826-1834.
[10] H. Sayed, O. A. Ahmed, D. Y. Mahmood, K. A. Jalal, and W. H. Habeeb, “Symmetrical high voltage gain half-bridge inverter
based double-Y-source networks with reduced voltage stress,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
(IJPEDS), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 515–522, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp515-522.
[11] M. Gul, Y. Kotak, and T. Muneer, “Review on recent trend of solar photovoltaic technology,” Energy Exploration and
Exploitation, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 485–526, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0144598716650552.
[12] E. Hendawi, “A high performance grid connected PV system based on HERIC transformerless inverter,” Indonesian Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 602–612, 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp602-
612.
[13] E. Hendawi and S. Zaid, “H7 three phase transformerless inverter for photovoltaic grid-tied system with maximum power point
operation,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1853–1861, Sep. 2021,
doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1853-1861.
[14] L. Ardhenta and T. Nurwati, “Comparison of sliding mode controller application for buck-boost converter based on linear sliding
surface,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 423–431, Mar. 2022, doi:
10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp423-431.
[15] B. Sirisha and S. Akhilesh, “High efficient and high gain boost converter with soft switching capability connected to grid using dq
axis current control,” Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (BEEI), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 624–635, 2022, doi:
10.11591/eei.v11i2.3358.
[16] A. A. N. Amrita, W. G. Ariastina, and I. B. G. Manuaba, “Study of transformer lifetime due to loading process on 20 KV
distribution line,” Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, doi: 10.24843/JEEI.2018.v02.i02.p01.
[17] S. Zhao, Q. Li, and F. C. Lee, “High frequency transformer design for modular power conversion from medium voltage AC to
400V DC,” in 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Mar. 2017, pp. 2894–2901, doi:
10.1109/APEC.2017.7931108.
[18] B. Tułodziecki, “High voltage test transformers, construction, design and their application in HV testing system,” Przeglad
Elektrotechniczny, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 195–198, 2011.
[19] A. H. Al-Omari and S. Al-Zubaidi, “High efficiency step-up converter using single switch with coupled inductors,” Indonesian
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 690–696, 2022, doi:
10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp690-696.
[20] R. Adlakha, A. Khosla, and D. Joshi, “Comparative analysis of positive output super lift DC-DC LUO converters,” Indonesian
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 707–716, 2020, doi:
10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp707-716.
[21] S. I. Khather and M. A. Ibrahim, “Modeling and simulation of SEPIC controlled converter using PID controller,” International
Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 833–843, 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp833-
843.
[22] J. S. V. Siva Kumar and P. Mallikarjunarao, “LQR control of interleaved double dual boost converter for electrical vehicles and
renewable energy conversion,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 16, no. 3, pp.
1240–1248, 2019, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1240-1248.
[23] I. Bessadet, H. Tédjini, and I. K. Bousserhane, “Hydrogen electrified railways based shunt hybrid filter,” Indonesian Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1291–1298, 2021, doi:
10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1291-1298.
[24] A. Alizadeh Asl and R. Alizadeh Asl, “Modeling and control of a hybrid dc/dc/ac converter to transfer power under different
power management strategies,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 12, no. 3,
pp. 1620–1631, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1620-1631.
[25] P. A. Dahono, “Simplified cascade multiphase dc-dc boost power converters for high voltage-gain and low-ripple applications,”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 273–285, 2021, doi:
10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp273-285.
[26] X. Wu, Y. Xiong, Y. Wang, L. Yang, and X. Lu, “A practical circuit design for measuring output voltage of high voltage
frequency-modulated power supply,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 598, no. 1, 2020, doi:
10.1088/1755-1315/598/1/012086.
[27] G. Shirkoohi and A. Jenkins, “Computation of rectifier transformers employed in railway networks,” in 2017 IEEE International
Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Mar. 2017, pp. 521–526, doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2017.7913286.
[28] F. Khan and S. Razzaq, “Electrodynamic energy harvester for electrical transformer’s temperature monitoring system,” Sadhana -
Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 2001–2019, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s12046-015-0429-8.
[29] R. Fuentes, J. Estrada, L. Neira, and E. Barrientos, “Increasing copper production in electrochemical plants using new small
transformer–rectifiers in parallel with existing power rectifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 1,
pp. 641–644, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2015.2461627.
[30] X. Bonnin, H. Piquet, R. Diez, and D. Florez, “Designing the high voltage transformer of power supplies for DBD: Windings
arrangment to reduce the parasitic capacitive effects,” in 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications
(EPE), Sep. 2013, pp. 1–9, doi: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6631928.
[31] V. Dega Rajaji and K. Chandra Sekhar, “Power applications for fuel-cell using switching regulators,” Indonesian Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 71–79, 2019, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp71-79.
[32] F. Lin, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. Zhao, and H. Shao, “Development of 1200A AC/DC linear standard power supply,” in
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2015, pp. 670–677,
doi: 10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.131.
[33] A. Suresh Kumar, R. K. Pongiannan, C. Bharatiraja, A. Yusuf, and N. Yadaiah, “A magnetically coupled converter connected
three phase voltage source inverter for EV applications,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
(IJPEDS), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 645–652, 2019, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp645-652.
[34] A. Mohammed Dobi and M. R. Sahid, “Non-isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter with balanced rectifying current and
stress,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 698–706, May 2020,
doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp698-706.
[35] A. B. Ibrahim, F. H. Yahya, H. F. Hanafi, and N. H. Omar, “Simulation of electronic circuit for design and technology subject in
secondary schools,” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 477–486,
Feb. 2019, doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i2/5581.
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2023: 1320-1328
1328
[36] O. A. Hassan, S. A. Zulkifli, M. S. Zainal, A. A. Ma’ Radzi, M. S. Ahmad, and T. N. T. Ibrahim, “Independent high voltage DC
source development for renewable-grid integration interface,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
(IJPEDS), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 374–381, 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp374-381.
[37] J.-H. Kang, H.-G. Park, J.-H. Jang, and K.-Y. Lee, “A design of wide input range, high efficiency rectifier for mobile wireless
charging receiver,” in 2014 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, May 2014, pp. 154–157, doi:
10.1109/WPT.2014.6839589.
[38] D. I. Panfilov, M. I. Petrov, and M. G. Astashev, “Analysis of voltage regulators with boost voltage,” in 2019 IEEE International
Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe
(EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Jun. 2019, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2019.8783879.
[39] M. Gul, Y. Kotak, and T. Muneer, “Review on recent trend of solar photovoltaic technology,” Energy Exploration &
Exploitation, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 485–526, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1177/0144598716650552.
[40] T. Busatto, S. K. Rönnberg, and M. H. J. Bollen, “Comparison of models of single-phase diode bridge rectifiers for their use in
harmonic studies with many devices,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en15010066.
[41] M. Singha and P. P. Sahu, “A wideband linear sinusoidal frequency to voltage converter with fast response time,” Procedia
Engineering, vol. 64, pp. 26–35, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.073.
[42] N. N. Barsoum, “Implementation of a higher quality dc power converter,” Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications,
vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 82–90, 2010, doi: 10.4236/jemaa.2010.22012.
[43] W. Wijono, Z. Abidin, W. Djuriatno, E. Maulana, and N. Ribath, “Design of 4-stage Marx generator using gas discharge tube,”
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (BEEI), vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 55–61, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.11591/eei.v10i1.1949.
[44] S. K. Natheer and M. N. Abdul Kadir, “Maximum resolution of switched capacitor converter: a graphical approach,”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 330–339, Mar. 2022, doi:
10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp330-339.
[45] K. Zhao, P. Ciufo, and S. Perera, “Rectifier capacitor filter stress analysis when subject to regular voltage fluctuations,” IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 3627–3635, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2228279.
[46] S. Pyakuryal and M. Matin, “Filter design for AC to DC converter,” International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science
(IRJES), vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 42–49, 2013.
[47] J. C. Rosas‐Caro, “Output voltage ripple reduction in a symmetric multistage‐stacked boost architecture (MSBA) converter,”
Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–20, 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10040394.
[48] S. J. Sampreeth, “Implementation of transistor rectifiers and comparison with diode rectifiers,” International Journal in IT &
Engineering (IJITE), vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2321–1776, 2020.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Fitri Puspasari is a lecturer at Department of Electrical Engineering and
Informatics, Vocational College Universitas. Received the B.Eng. degree in Physics from
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, in 2013 and the M.Sc. degree in Physics from
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, in 2015. Currently, she is a Ph.D. student at the
Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Her research interests include physics
instrumentation, geophysics, metrology, and instrumentation. She can be contacted at
fitri.puspasari@ugm.ac.id.
Sismanto is a professor, head of Geophysics Laboratory, and lecturer at
Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada. He received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees
from Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, sandwich with Karlsruhe University
Germany, in 1995 and 2003. His research interests in Earth science/geophysics include
geothermic, radiometric, seismology, and seismic exploration. He can be contacted at
sismanto@ugm.ac.id.
Ahmad Ashari is the head of Laboratory Computer Systems and Networks and
lecturer at Department Computer Science and Electronics, Universitas Gadjah Mada. He
received the M.Sc. degree from Universitas Indonesia in 1992 and the Ph.D. degree from
Vienna University of Technology, Austria., in 2001. His research interests include data
communication and networking, internet networking, and World Wide Web (WWW),
distributed systems, and parallel computation. He can be contacted at ashari@ugm.ac.id.