International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
46 optimization paper id 0017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
This paper is a comparisation study between an experimental data and Matlab simulation of output PV characteristic affected by the orientation and the tilt angle of a photovoltaic solar module with inclined plane and by the dimension of the panel. The PV panel was rotated towards the east, south and west and positioned for the angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. In this position, the values of current, voltage and power are measured. In the other side, using the mathematical model to calculate the solar radiation incident on an inclined surface as a function of the tilt angle was developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK model. The optimum angles were determined as positions in which maximum values of solar irradiation and maximum power were registered to characterize the P-V and V-I photovoltaic panel.
Exergy Assessment of Photovoltaic Thermal with V-groove Collector Using Theor...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The solution of the environmental problems because of fuel fossil is to use new and renewable
energy. There are many studies about energy analysis of solar collector with v-groove but exergy analysis
of photovoltaic thermal system with v-groove is still less especially by theoretical study. Photovoltaic
thermal with v-groove collector has been conducted the exergy analysis by theoretical assessment. The
matrix inversion methods were used to analyze the energy balance equation. The theoretical assessment
was conducted under the solar intensity of 385 W/m2, 575 W/m2, and 875 W/m2 and mass flow rate
between 0.01 and 0.05 kg/s. The maximum exergy efficiency and exergy of PVT system with v -groove
collector were 17.80% and 86.32 Watt at the solar intensity of 875 W/m2.
Load Estimating and Calculating the Components of Solar Systemijtsrd
This paper is focused to develop solar system in rural area because the electricity is the backbone of the country's economy and only 40 is electrified in Myanmar. In design load estimating and calculation the components for the solar system and moreover environmental impact and climate change is also a fact to consider in it. Myanmar has high solar potential, photovoltaic PV system must be installed for most of the rural areas where there is no national grid line. To develop off grid PV system which support for people to lift up their lives in rural areas. Mono crystalline or single crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and lead acid batteries are going to use in the system. The load estimation, PV sizing, inverter selection and battery sizing are calculated mainly. Based on the results, the design consideration can be absolutely applicable for the one village. Aye Myo Thant | Thant Zaw Oo | Ohmmar Myint "Load Estimating and Calculating the Components of Solar System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25281.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25281/load-estimating-and-calculating-the-components-of-solar-system/aye-myo-thant
46 optimization paper id 0017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
This paper is a comparisation study between an experimental data and Matlab simulation of output PV characteristic affected by the orientation and the tilt angle of a photovoltaic solar module with inclined plane and by the dimension of the panel. The PV panel was rotated towards the east, south and west and positioned for the angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. In this position, the values of current, voltage and power are measured. In the other side, using the mathematical model to calculate the solar radiation incident on an inclined surface as a function of the tilt angle was developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK model. The optimum angles were determined as positions in which maximum values of solar irradiation and maximum power were registered to characterize the P-V and V-I photovoltaic panel.
Exergy Assessment of Photovoltaic Thermal with V-groove Collector Using Theor...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The solution of the environmental problems because of fuel fossil is to use new and renewable
energy. There are many studies about energy analysis of solar collector with v-groove but exergy analysis
of photovoltaic thermal system with v-groove is still less especially by theoretical study. Photovoltaic
thermal with v-groove collector has been conducted the exergy analysis by theoretical assessment. The
matrix inversion methods were used to analyze the energy balance equation. The theoretical assessment
was conducted under the solar intensity of 385 W/m2, 575 W/m2, and 875 W/m2 and mass flow rate
between 0.01 and 0.05 kg/s. The maximum exergy efficiency and exergy of PVT system with v -groove
collector were 17.80% and 86.32 Watt at the solar intensity of 875 W/m2.
Load Estimating and Calculating the Components of Solar Systemijtsrd
This paper is focused to develop solar system in rural area because the electricity is the backbone of the country's economy and only 40 is electrified in Myanmar. In design load estimating and calculation the components for the solar system and moreover environmental impact and climate change is also a fact to consider in it. Myanmar has high solar potential, photovoltaic PV system must be installed for most of the rural areas where there is no national grid line. To develop off grid PV system which support for people to lift up their lives in rural areas. Mono crystalline or single crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and lead acid batteries are going to use in the system. The load estimation, PV sizing, inverter selection and battery sizing are calculated mainly. Based on the results, the design consideration can be absolutely applicable for the one village. Aye Myo Thant | Thant Zaw Oo | Ohmmar Myint "Load Estimating and Calculating the Components of Solar System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25281.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25281/load-estimating-and-calculating-the-components-of-solar-system/aye-myo-thant
Optimal tuning of a wind plant energy production based on improved grey wolf ...journalBEEI
The tuning of optimal controller parameters in wind plant is crucial in order to minimize the effect of wake interaction between turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improved grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) in order to tune the controller parameters of the turbines so that the total energy production of a wind plant is increased. The updating mechanism of original GWO is modified to improve the efficiency of exploration and exploitation phase while avoiding trapping in local minima solution. A row of ten turbines is considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-GWO by maximizing the total energy production. The proposed approach is compared with original GWO and previously published modified GWO. Finally, I-GWO produces the highest total energy production as compared to other methods, as shown in statistical performance analysis.
This paper presents a new method (the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO)) of arranging turbines in a wind farm to achieve maximum farm efficiency. The powers generated by individual turbines in a wind farm are dependent on each other, due to velocity deficits created by the wake effect. A standard analytical wake model has been used to account for the mutual influences of the turbines in a wind farm. A variable induction factor, dependent on the approaching wind velocity, estimates the velocity deficit across each turbine. Optimization is performed using a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model is validated against experimental data from a wind tunnel experiment on a scaled down wind farm. Reasonable agreement between the model and experimental results is obtained. A preliminary wind farm cost analysis is also performed to explore the effect of using turbines with different rotor diameters on the total power generation. The use of differing rotor diameters is observed to play an important role in improving the overall efficiency of a wind farm.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOWCOST PARABOLIC TROUGH ...IAEME Publication
In the present work, an attempt has been made to design, fabricate & evaluate the performance of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) to produce hot water. The Supporting stand of
concentrator is made of mild steel & reflector is made of acrylic sheet with a rim angle of 45o and aperture area of 2.14 m2
and with a concentration ratio of 12.59. The receiver pipe is made of pure copper. The thermal performance of the PTC was determined according to ASHRAE 93-1986 (RA 91). The maximum instantaneous thermal efficiency of 52.35% is obtained. The total cost of the parabolic trough collector is calculated as Rs 7,000.
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
In this paper, the performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit is presented. In this
study a model of wind power is driven by an induction machine. Wind power that is distributed generation
is capable of supplying power to ac power distribution network. Wind power generation system is modeled
and simulated using Matlab Simulink software such that it can be suitable for modeling some kind of
induction generator configurations. To analyze more deeply the performance of the wind turbine system,
both normal and fault conditions scenarios have been applied. Simulation results prove the excellent
performance of the wind power unit under normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system.
Detailed design procedure for solar panel mounting structure with dual axis tracking capability for Sub urban West Bengal(Wind load calculation have been done for this region only).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid Systemijtsrd
With the rising energy demand and lack of infrastructure because of geographical condition of Pyin Kha Yaing Village, the whole village is still not inter-connected to National Grid System. This village is located in Ngapudaw Township, Ayarwaddy Division. The latitude and longitude of study case is 15.980992 and 94.400207 respectively. Presently, the electrification of Pyin Kha Yaing Village is carried out by steam boiler driven generator with burning of Rice-Husk. With this source, total average consumption is observed as 3.4 MWh D. Instead of steam boiler generator driven, Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation system is employed for this place. A simulation model for wind-solar hybrid system is developed using the Matlab Simulation software. The proposed model is combination of Wind Energy System, Photovoltaic PV array, Converter, Battery storage and inverter. The simulation model of solar-wind hybrid system for selected region is presented. Aye Ei Ei Cho | Su Su Myat Mon "Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18946.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18946/design-and-simulation-of-electrification-by-solar-wind-hybrid-system/aye-ei-ei-cho
Conducted wind resource assessment study in western himalayan region and undertook geographical study of site. Work involved data analysis, validation for establishing and predicting of wind power generation potential at given site.
Investigating Of Proper Photovoltaic Panel Tilt Angle to Be Used As Shading D...IJERA Editor
Photovoltaic panels can act as power generator as well as external shading devices with proper tilt angle. In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In the study the PV system is installed facing south to collectmaximum solar radiation at noon. The angle is varied from 00 to 900, during full year at the Solstice (the time at which the day and night come into balance) and Equinox (the end of the day’s increase or decrease in day night hours) periods, to achieve optimum tilt angle, higher in magnitude than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the corresponding values at tilt angle equal to Kuwait latitude (30˚) during the whole year.
Iris Publishers- Journal of Engineering Sciences | Performance and Design Opt...IrisPublishers
The aim of this work is to optimize the design and performance of solar powered γ Stirling engine based on genetic algorithm (GA). A second-order mathematical model which includes thermal losses coupled with genetic algorithm GA has been developed and used to find the best values for different design variables. The physical geometry of the γ Stirling engine has been used as an objective variable in the genetic algorithm GA to determine the optimal parameters. The design geometry of the heat exchanger was considered to be the objective variable. The heater slots height, heater effective length, cooler slots height, cooler effective length, re-generator foil unrolled length and re-generator effective length are assumed to be the objective variables. Also, three different types of working fluids have been used in the model simulation to investigate the effect of the different working fluid on the engine performance. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation by using the original parameters and the results from the optimized parameters when the engine was powered by solar energy; the higher temperature was 923 K applied to the working fluid when the air, helium, and hydrogen were used as working fluid. The engine power increases from 140.58 watts to 228.54 watts, and it is enhanced by approximately 50%, when the heating temperature is 923 K and the air is used as working fluid. The result showed that the working temperature is one of the most important parameters; because the output power increases by increasing of the hot side temperature.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimal tuning of a wind plant energy production based on improved grey wolf ...journalBEEI
The tuning of optimal controller parameters in wind plant is crucial in order to minimize the effect of wake interaction between turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improved grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) in order to tune the controller parameters of the turbines so that the total energy production of a wind plant is increased. The updating mechanism of original GWO is modified to improve the efficiency of exploration and exploitation phase while avoiding trapping in local minima solution. A row of ten turbines is considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-GWO by maximizing the total energy production. The proposed approach is compared with original GWO and previously published modified GWO. Finally, I-GWO produces the highest total energy production as compared to other methods, as shown in statistical performance analysis.
This paper presents a new method (the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO)) of arranging turbines in a wind farm to achieve maximum farm efficiency. The powers generated by individual turbines in a wind farm are dependent on each other, due to velocity deficits created by the wake effect. A standard analytical wake model has been used to account for the mutual influences of the turbines in a wind farm. A variable induction factor, dependent on the approaching wind velocity, estimates the velocity deficit across each turbine. Optimization is performed using a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model is validated against experimental data from a wind tunnel experiment on a scaled down wind farm. Reasonable agreement between the model and experimental results is obtained. A preliminary wind farm cost analysis is also performed to explore the effect of using turbines with different rotor diameters on the total power generation. The use of differing rotor diameters is observed to play an important role in improving the overall efficiency of a wind farm.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOWCOST PARABOLIC TROUGH ...IAEME Publication
In the present work, an attempt has been made to design, fabricate & evaluate the performance of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) to produce hot water. The Supporting stand of
concentrator is made of mild steel & reflector is made of acrylic sheet with a rim angle of 45o and aperture area of 2.14 m2
and with a concentration ratio of 12.59. The receiver pipe is made of pure copper. The thermal performance of the PTC was determined according to ASHRAE 93-1986 (RA 91). The maximum instantaneous thermal efficiency of 52.35% is obtained. The total cost of the parabolic trough collector is calculated as Rs 7,000.
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
In this paper, the performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit is presented. In this
study a model of wind power is driven by an induction machine. Wind power that is distributed generation
is capable of supplying power to ac power distribution network. Wind power generation system is modeled
and simulated using Matlab Simulink software such that it can be suitable for modeling some kind of
induction generator configurations. To analyze more deeply the performance of the wind turbine system,
both normal and fault conditions scenarios have been applied. Simulation results prove the excellent
performance of the wind power unit under normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system.
Detailed design procedure for solar panel mounting structure with dual axis tracking capability for Sub urban West Bengal(Wind load calculation have been done for this region only).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid Systemijtsrd
With the rising energy demand and lack of infrastructure because of geographical condition of Pyin Kha Yaing Village, the whole village is still not inter-connected to National Grid System. This village is located in Ngapudaw Township, Ayarwaddy Division. The latitude and longitude of study case is 15.980992 and 94.400207 respectively. Presently, the electrification of Pyin Kha Yaing Village is carried out by steam boiler driven generator with burning of Rice-Husk. With this source, total average consumption is observed as 3.4 MWh D. Instead of steam boiler generator driven, Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation system is employed for this place. A simulation model for wind-solar hybrid system is developed using the Matlab Simulation software. The proposed model is combination of Wind Energy System, Photovoltaic PV array, Converter, Battery storage and inverter. The simulation model of solar-wind hybrid system for selected region is presented. Aye Ei Ei Cho | Su Su Myat Mon "Design and Simulation of Electrification By Solar-Wind Hybrid System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18946.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18946/design-and-simulation-of-electrification-by-solar-wind-hybrid-system/aye-ei-ei-cho
Conducted wind resource assessment study in western himalayan region and undertook geographical study of site. Work involved data analysis, validation for establishing and predicting of wind power generation potential at given site.
Investigating Of Proper Photovoltaic Panel Tilt Angle to Be Used As Shading D...IJERA Editor
Photovoltaic panels can act as power generator as well as external shading devices with proper tilt angle. In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In the study the PV system is installed facing south to collectmaximum solar radiation at noon. The angle is varied from 00 to 900, during full year at the Solstice (the time at which the day and night come into balance) and Equinox (the end of the day’s increase or decrease in day night hours) periods, to achieve optimum tilt angle, higher in magnitude than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the corresponding values at tilt angle equal to Kuwait latitude (30˚) during the whole year.
Iris Publishers- Journal of Engineering Sciences | Performance and Design Opt...IrisPublishers
The aim of this work is to optimize the design and performance of solar powered γ Stirling engine based on genetic algorithm (GA). A second-order mathematical model which includes thermal losses coupled with genetic algorithm GA has been developed and used to find the best values for different design variables. The physical geometry of the γ Stirling engine has been used as an objective variable in the genetic algorithm GA to determine the optimal parameters. The design geometry of the heat exchanger was considered to be the objective variable. The heater slots height, heater effective length, cooler slots height, cooler effective length, re-generator foil unrolled length and re-generator effective length are assumed to be the objective variables. Also, three different types of working fluids have been used in the model simulation to investigate the effect of the different working fluid on the engine performance. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation by using the original parameters and the results from the optimized parameters when the engine was powered by solar energy; the higher temperature was 923 K applied to the working fluid when the air, helium, and hydrogen were used as working fluid. The engine power increases from 140.58 watts to 228.54 watts, and it is enhanced by approximately 50%, when the heating temperature is 923 K and the air is used as working fluid. The result showed that the working temperature is one of the most important parameters; because the output power increases by increasing of the hot side temperature.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A TUBULAR SOLAR STILL WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL IAEME Publication
Experiments were carried out on tubular solar still in Allahabad climate conditions. Energy storage medium is used in still to produce distillate in the off sunshine hours .A correlation is
developed for the productivity of a still using experimental results .The proposed correlation has been validated with the experimental results .The regression coefficient approaches to unity and the correlation may be perfect positive with least error .
Effect analysis of the different channel length and depth of photovoltaic the...IJECEIAES
The converted Solar energy as electrical and thermal energy was named photovoltaic thermal (PVT). The aim of this study is to the analysis of different length and depth channel effect of photovoltaic thermal with ∇-groove collector by a mathematical model. The matrix inversion was used to analyze the energy balance equation. Simulation results were conducted below the solar intensity of 800 W/m 2 and mass flow rate between 0.0069 kg/s and 0.0491 kg/s. Electrical and thermal efficiency was done to assess the effect of different length and channel depth of PVT system with ∇-groove collector. The effect of different length and depth of ∇-groove collector for electrical and thermal performance is caused by changed mass flow rate. The effect Increasing of the mass flow rate of collector increased the thermal and electrical performance of the ∇-groove collector.
Performance analysis of partially covered photovoltaic thermal (pvt) water co...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collector partially covered by glass and its energy and exergy analysis were
carried out. The various parameters were computed such as thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, exergy efficiency etc on daily
basis for Meteorological conditions of Bhopal, India in the month of May. It is found that the maximum temperature of hot water
from PVT system on particular day was found to be 47.5 0C with mass flow rate of 0.0025 kg/sec. The thermal efficiency,
electrical efficiency and energy saving efficiency of the system were found to be exceeding 67%, 9% and 67% respectively. The
use of PVT system, not only reduce the electrical load from conventional energy sources but also produces two form of energy
from single system i.e. electricity and thermal.
Key Words: Energy, Exergy, Solar PVT Collector, PVT System, Solar Energy, Performance Analysis
This paper discusses the construction and implementation of a system for the measurement of
electrical power parameters; amperage and voltage of the hybrid system photovoltaic solar-wind, to evaluate
the system parameters and performance. The basis of the development of the measuring apparatus is the use of
an Arduino Mega 2560 to provide the interface between the electrical circuits of the sensors and the dynamics
of the voltage-amperage as well as collect data in an analog format as well as development of functional
dependence relationships. The collected data is converted into digital format and stored it in an Excel format
through the "PLX-DAQ Spreadsheet" that connects the Arduino and the PC for display and analysis of the
system parameters. The proposed technique for power measurements of AC and DC proved to be reliable and
can predict the power amperage and voltage within relative error of 1.63 % for AC and 4.16% for DC,
respectively.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
Design and performance evaluation of a solar tracking panel of single axis in...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the mechanical design of a single axis solar tracking system, as well as the electronic design of a system that to record in real time the electric power delivered by the solar tracker and to evaluate its performance. The interface was developed in Labview and it compares the power supplied by the tracker with the power supplied by static solar panel of the same characteristics. The performance is initially simulated using Pv-Syst software, and later validated with the data obtained by the interface. As a result, the use of the solar tracker increases the power delivered by a minimum of 19%, and it can go as high as 47.84%, with an average in increase in power of 19.5% in the monthly energy production. This experimental result was compared with the simulation by Pv-Syst software and shows a difference of only 2.5%, thus validating the reliability of the simulation. This behavior pattern coincides with previous studies carried out for equatorial latitudes.
Improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells embedded in floating buoysIJECEIAES
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Analysis of Flat-Plate Solar Array and Solar Lantern
P. L. N. V. Aashrith*, M. Sameera Sarma**, P. Vamsi Krishna***, P. Yaswanth Jagan****
*Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
**Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
***Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
****Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
A very detailed theortical analysis of a solar array has been carried out based on established values of solar
radiation data to predict the performance of solar lamp . The analysis is based on established theory about flat-
plate collectors. Top heat loss coefficient (Ut), Bottom heat loss coefficient (Ub), Overall heat loss coefficient
(Ul), Useful energy (Qu), efficiency (hp) of the flat-plate solar array and efficiency (hl) of the solar lantern has
been calculated.
I. Introduction
Energy crisis has lead to develop new
energy sources as a way to solve energy problems.
Due to increase in prices of fossil and nuclear fuels, a
feasibility of solar energy as a new source of energy
can be increased when a high energy conversion
efficiency and a reduction of cost of equipment is
obtained. Due to the above reasons, solar energy is
one of the best possible and easily available source of
energy. Flat-plate solar array or solar photovoltaic
module has potential applications in solar
engineering. Flat-plate solar array is most economical
and popular in solar lighting and water heating
system as it is permanently fixed, having simple
construction and requires little maintenance. The
design of a solar energy system is generally
concerned with obtaining maximum efficiency. The
aim of this thesis is to develop a step-wise procedure
to predict the performance of a flate-plate array and
the efficiency of the solar lamp connected to the flat-
plate solar array.
II. Description of the solar lamp
A solar lantern manufactured in India and
supplied by Non-Conventional Energy Development
Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited [NEDCAP]
was used. This consists of two components, lantern
and solar module.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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Fig 1 shows the schematic diagram of the solar lantern.
III. Technical specifications
PV module: Amorphous silicon type, 10 Wp
(Wp-Watt -peak) under standard conditions.
Battery: Sealed lead acid type, 12 V, 7Ah
Charge controller: Built into lantern.
Bulb: CFL bulb
SPV module of dimension 285 mm x 370 mm was
used for our analysis
Losses involved in the solar lamp are
1. inverter losses 4 to 15 %
2. dc cable losses 1 to 3%
3. ac cable losses 1 to 3%
However, the overall losses involved in the
lantern are taken as 17% of the useful energy.
IV. Methodology
Flat-plate solar array is connected to the
battery inside the solar lantern using a
d.c.cable.Energy obtained from the solar array is used
to charge the battery.Further,the battery is connected
the CFL using an inverter present in the
setup.Lantern has been charged for 6 hours for 3
hours of work for our analysis.
V. Step-wise procedure for solution
1. The bottom loss co-efficient (Ub) is obtained from
the equation (4.1.1)
𝑈𝑏 = 𝐾
𝐿
(4.1.1)
Where ,
K=thermal conductivity (0.045 W/m°c)
L=thickness
2. The top loss co-efficient (Ut) For the collector tilt
of 10° is obtained from equations (4.1.2) and
(4.1.4). An empirical equation for 𝑈 𝑇 at 45° was
developed by kelvin, fallowing the basic procedure of
Hottel and Woertz. This relation fits the graphs for
plate temperatures between 40° and 130° to within
±0.2
W/ 𝑚2
𝑈 𝑇 =
𝑁
344
𝑇 𝑝
(𝑇 𝑝 −𝑇 𝑎 )
(𝑁+𝐹)
0.31 +
1𝑤−1+ 𝜎(𝑇𝑝+𝑇𝑎)(𝑇𝑝2+𝑇𝑎2)∈𝑝+0.0425𝑁1−∈𝑝
−1+(2𝑁+𝑓−1)∈𝑔− 𝑁
(4.1.2)
Where,
𝑈 𝑇= top loss co-efficient
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N=number of glass cover
f= (1-0.04 𝑤 +5*10−4
∗ 𝑤
2
) (1+0.058N)
∈ 𝑔= emittence of glass (0.88)
∈ 𝑝=emittence of plate
𝑇𝑎 =ambient temperature
𝑇𝑝=mean plate temperature
𝑤 =wind heat transfer co-efficient
The parameter 𝑤 can be calculated by wind can be
calculated from the formulae:
𝑤 = 5.7+3.8(wind speed) (4.1.3)
Hence,𝑢𝑡 for collector tilted at 45° is obtained from
equation() and (). And, 𝑢𝑡 for any collector tilt S°is
obtained from the formulae:
𝑢 𝑡(𝑠)
𝑢 𝑡(45)
= 1-(s-45°) (0.00259-0.00144𝜖 𝑝) (4.1.4)
Where,
S= collector tilt in degrees.
3. Finally, the overall heat loss co-efficient (Ul) is
obtained from the equation (4.1.5)
U𝑙 = 𝑈𝑏 +𝑈𝑡 (4.1.5)
4. The transmittance—absorbance (τα), product of
this cover and absorber plate system is found by
multiplying the corresponding values.
5. First calculate 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑇 and cos 𝜃𝑧 as per equations
(4.2.6) and (4.2.7), and then calculate factor R from
equation (4.2.8). Thus, calculate radiation intensity, I,
from equation (4.2.5).
The intensity of solar radiation “I”, is determined by
the following relation,
I= HR (4.2.5)
Where,
H= total solar energy incident on the plane of
measurement
R= factor
Factor „R‟, converts the horizontal radiation to
radiation on tilted collector for each hour, With the
help of Declination angle (δ), Latitude (φ), and
collector tilt (s) using the following equations
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑇 =Cos (φ-s).cos (δ).cos (ω) +sin (φ-s) sin (δ)
(4.2.6)
cos 𝜃𝑧 =cos (φ).cos (δ).cos (ω) +sin (φ) sin (δ)
(4.2.7)
Where,
𝜔= sunrise angle
Hanker is calculated from the following formula,
R=
cos 𝜃 𝑇
cos 𝜃 𝑧
(4.2.8)
6. Now, substitute the values of I, (𝜏𝛼), 𝑈𝐿 that are
already calculated into the equation (4.2.4) to obtain
the useful energy (𝑄 𝑢 ).
Basically, it is the product of the rate of
transmission of the cover and the absorption rate of
the absorber.
Thus,
𝑄𝑖=I (τα).A (4.2.2)
As the collector absorbs heat its temperature
is getting higher than that of the surrounding and is
lost to the atmosphere by convection and radiation.
The rate of heat loss (𝑄𝑜 ) depends on the collector
overall heat transfer co-efficient ( 𝑈𝑙 ) and the
collector temperature (𝑇𝑐),
𝑄𝑜 =𝑈𝑙A (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑎) (4.2.3)
Thus, the rate of useful energy extracted by
the collector (𝑄 𝑢 ), expressed as a rate of extraction
under steady state conditions is proportional to the
rate of useful energy absorbed by the collector, less
the around lost by the collector to its surroundings.
This is expressed as follows:
𝑄 𝑢 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑄𝑜 = 𝐼 𝜏𝛼 𝐴 − 𝑈𝑙 𝐴(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑎) (4.2.4)
Here, 𝑄 𝑢 is the total useful energy gain of
the collector with this equation. This is a convenient
representation.
7. Now, substituting the values of 𝑄 𝑢 and I,
efficiency of flat plate solar array is calculated by
using the equation (4.3.1)
𝜂 𝑝 = useful energy obtained/intensity of solar
radiation (4.3.1)
8. Now, using the values of 𝑞 𝑢 and by deducting the
losses involved such as transmission losses, inverter
losses (mentioned above methology ).The overall
losses are considered to be 17 % of the input energy.
The input energy to the solar lantern is calculated by
using the equation (4.3.2)
Input power to the lantern = 0.83*useful energy
obtained (4.3.2)
9. Now using the values of input and output energies
the efficiency of solar lantern is calculated by using
the equation (4.3.3)
𝜂𝑙 = output energy (wattage)/ input
power (4.3.3)
VI. Results and Observations
All the results that are obtained are based
on numerical calculations, graphs and the values
tabulated in the appendix.
1) The overall loss co-efficient (Ul) from Top loss co-
efficient (Ut) and Bottom loss co-efficient (Ub) of the
flat plate collector with single glass cover has been
calculated.
2)It was found that the Bottom loss coefficient (Ub) is
almost constant, since it depends only on thickness of
collector and thermal conductivity of the collector.
3) Top loss coefficient (Ut) not only depends on
geometrical configuration of collector such as
thickness, emittance of glass, but also depends on
several other parameters like wind speed, ambient
temperature, etc.
4) Useful energy from the flat-plate solar array varies
between 220 Wh/day to 400 Wh/day depending upon
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climatic conditions. High amount of useful energy is
available in the months of April, May, June and July
4)Efficiency of the flat-plate solar array varies
between 30% to 50 % and decreases to the lowest in
April, May, June, July and increases in the following
months and the efficiency of the solar lantern varies
40% to 75 % depending upon the climatic conditions
prevailing .
VII. Future Scope of Work
1) By using much more efficient materials like
mono-crystalline silicon in the construction of
flat plate solar array, the efficiency of the
collectors can be increased effectively.
2) Radiation losses in the upward direction from the
hot absorber plate can be substantially reduced
by using glass or plastic covers. Radiation heat
loss from the absorber plate can be considerably
reduced by using black coatings which have high
solar absorptivity.
3) Convection heat loss from the absorber plate to
the inner glazing plate can be reduced by
evacuating the space (if possible) or optimizing
the gap between the plate and the glazing or by
use of some transparent, low conductivity
structure in between.
4) Side mirrors are used either at north or south
edges, or at east or west edges of flat plate
collectors in order to increase the efficiency of
the collector.
References
[1] J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman, Solar
Energy Thermal Process, Eds., Madison,
University Of Wiscons in Press,1955.
[2] G. D. Rai, Non-Conventional Energy
Sources, Khanna Publishers, ( 2011)
[3] R.K.Rajput, Thermal engineering, Non-
conventional power generation, Laxmi
Publications, (1994)
[4] H. P. Garg, Solar energy, (1974), “effect of
dirt on transparent covers in flat-plate
collectors.”
[5] R. W. Bliss, Sol. Energy, (1959), “the
derivations of several plate efficiency
factors useful in design of flat-plate solar-
heat collectors”
[6] Solar Radiation Handbook (2008),Solar
Energy Centre.
Appendix
1.
Month vs. Peak Temperature graph shows variation of peak temperature with months. The graph clearly shows
that the peak temperatures initially increase gradually, and then falls with time and it becomes maximum in the
month of May.
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2.
Months vs. Incident solar radiation graph shows variation of incident solar radiation with months. The incident
solar radiation increases gradually and reaches its maximum and decreases further. Using this we can find the
variation of intensity of solar radiation with months.
3.
Month vs. Useful Energy graph shows the variation of useful energy from the plate with months. It is derived
from the values of incident solar radiation.
4.
Month vs. Efficiency graph shows the variation of efficiency of solar lantern with months. The efficiency is
high in the starting months as the incident energy is less. As we go further the efficiency reduces as the incident
radiation increases and the output remains constant. Then it again increases as the incident radiation decreases.
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5. TABLE 5.1 Specifications of location
Location Visakhapatnam
Latitude 17°42‟ N
Longitude 83°15‟ E
Altitude 18 feet above sea level
6. TABLE 5.2 Specifications of flat-plate collector
Number of glass covers 1
Top cover Glass
Thermal emittance of glass 0.94
Thickness 0.05m
Collector tilt 10°
Cover transmittance 0.87
Mean plate temperature 65°c
Wind speed 5 m/s
7.Tool For Determining Solar Angle (ω)
In order to find out the solar angles (ω) a tool is used from the websitewww.SuSdesign.com/sun
angle/.This tool calculates solar angle data based on date like latitude, longitude, time, and location, etc. It looks
as below:
8.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR ARRAY AND SOLAR LANTERN
Months Incident Solar
radiation
(kwh/m2
/day)
R Factor Intensity of Radiation
(kwh/m2
/day)
Useful energy
from plate
(wh/day)
Efficiency of
Solar Lantern
(%)
January 6.5 1.12 7.280 256 70.51
February 7.3 1.08 7.884 278 64.98
March 8.2 1.04 8.528 302 60.01
April 9.3 1.00 9.300 329 54.93
May 9.6 1.17 11.24 395 45.84
June 9.8 1.13 11.07 394 45.80
July 9.54 1.12 10.68 380 47.67
August 9.2 0.99 9.108 324 55.65
September 8.1 1.03 8.343 298 60.63
October 7.15 1.07 7.650 274 66.00
November 6.6 1.11 7.326 265 68.11
December 6.42 1.13 7.254 265 68.11
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TABLE 5.3 DATA FOR THE YEAR 2008 OF VISAKHAPATNAM
MONTHS H,( KWH/𝒎 𝟐
/𝒅𝒂𝒚) T, (°C)
JANUARY 6.5 29
FEBRUARY 7.3 31.1
MARCH 8.2 33.8
APRIL 9.3 35.2
MAY 9.6 36.4
JUNE 9.8 35.4
JULY 9.54 33.2
AUGUST 9.2 32.7
SEPTEMBER 8.1 32.7
OCTOBER 7.15 32.1
NOVEMBER 6.7 30.5
DECEMBER 6.42 29.2