Eye Witness basics
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Testimonial evidence includes eyewitness accounts and statements given to police, which can provide useful information but may not be highly reliable. Eyewitness identifications can strongly influence investigations and trials, but people's memories of events can be impacted by various factors like their perspective and stress. Creating composite sketches with software that accounts for facial features can help investigators identify suspects based on eyewitness descriptions.
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Crime Scene Processing
The document provides an overview of crime scene processing, including key principles like Locard's exchange principle and the importance of properly collecting, documenting, and preserving evidence. It discusses establishing boundaries, photographing and diagramming the scene, collecting physical and trace evidence, and maintaining chain of custody for any evidence. Careful and thorough processing following standard protocols is emphasized to avoid compromising potential evidence.
Crimescenebasics ppt
The document provides information about crime scenes and evidence collection. It defines key crime scene terms like primary and secondary crime scenes. It describes different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the crime scene investigation process from interviewing witnesses to documenting and processing the scene to collect evidence. It also lists different forensic science disciplines involved in analyzing evidence and their roles.
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crime scene.pptx
It is the beginning point for obtaining evidence which will be used by the crime scene investigator and the forensic expert
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crime scene.pptx
It is the beginning point for obtaining evidence which will be used by the crime scene investigator and the forensic expert
A thorough investigation of the crime scene must be completed
Crime scene is basically a scene of occurrence of crime. It is a place where a particular crime has been committed.
It is starting point for the investigator.
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1) Most perpetrators of sexual assault are known to the victim, often family members, and it commonly occurs within families.
2) Victims experience significant physical, mental, and psychological consequences as a result of assault.
3) Common myths about sexual assault are often untrue, such as the idea that only strangers commit assaults or that victims will always report immediately.
4) Sensitive and supportive interview techniques are important for victims, avoiding re-traumatization and allowing them to share details in their own words.
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The document provides background information on Dennis Rader, known as the BTK killer. It describes that Rader spent time in the air force where he committed his first two murders. He later worked in security and was described as rude and arrogant. Rader admitted developing early fantasies of bondage and tying up girls. He committed his first family murders by killing Joseph and Julie Otero and their two children. In total, Rader committed 10 murders and was sentenced to 175 years in prison for his crimes when he was arrested in 2005.
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Muktesh Chander, an IPS officer, gave a presentation on the history and applications of hypnosis. He discussed how hypnosis has been practiced since ancient times under different names. In the 18th century, Franz Mesmer discovered "animal magnetism" which sparked further research. Hypnosis was later recognized by medical organizations as a valid technique and has various applications including pain relief and stress management. Chander addressed controversies around using hypnosis for witnesses and in criminal investigations. He recommended guidelines and safeguards for its evidentiary use.
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This document provides an overview of polygraphy or lie detection. It discusses the history and development of the polygraph machine. The key components measure things like blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response. It works by recording physiological changes that occur when a person is lying or experiencing fear. The test involves different types of questions and analyzing the charts to detect deception. While it is used in criminal investigations and businesses, polygraph results are not admissible in court and accuracy can vary. Legal protocols require consent and presence of a lawyer. A Supreme Court of India case from 2010 is also referenced.
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The document discusses the use of polygraph tests, also known as lie detector tests, to detect deception. It notes that polygraph tests are based on the assumption that lying causes a specific physiological response that can be detected. However, research has shown polygraph tests have a limited ability to accurately detect lies, with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 63% in some studies. The document raises questions about whether polygraph results can be generalized to different situations and about the practical value of polygraph tests given issues like a lack of a true gold standard for comparison and potential consequences of failing a test.
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Role of CCTV Cameras in Sphere of crime Reduction
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The document discusses guidelines for organizing and writing effective police reports. It recommends starting to organize information at the crime scene by noting details about yourself, victims, witnesses, suspects, evidence and the disposition. When writing the report, follow your agency's procedures and include an opening sentence with key details like date, time, location, names of those involved and the nature of the call. Each subsequent paragraph should focus on a witness, victim or suspect. Include all investigative steps, contact information, verbatim quotes, evidence details and fully explain how the case was resolved.
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The document provides guidance on sketching a crime scene, including the purpose of crime scene sketches, the types of sketches (rough and finished), necessary materials, and step-by-step instructions. It emphasizes accurately documenting the location and relationships of objects and evidence through measurement and notation. Sample sketches and measurements from a virtual crime scene are provided for the reader to practice creating their own rough and finished sketches.
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This document provides an overview of polygraph tests, also known as lie detection tests. It discusses the history and development of polygraph testing from the 19th century to modern use. The key principles are that polygraph tests measure physiological responses like blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity when a subject is asked questions. The objectives are to determine the truthfulness of statements by suspects, witnesses, and complainants in criminal cases. However, polygraph results are not admissible in Indian courts due to legal privileges against self-incrimination. The document also outlines the equipment, examination process, analysis techniques, and limitations of polygraph testing.
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Water is a vital resource that sustains life. Freshwater sources include groundwater, which infiltrates underground, and surface water. Groundwater depletion can occur when withdrawals exceed recharge, causing water tables to fall and land to subside. Increasing supplies involves desalination or reverse osmosis. Water pollution reduces water quality and harms organisms. Major pollutants include pathogens, nutrients, chemicals, sediments and heat. Pollution can be from point sources like factories or nonpoint sources like runoff. Treating sewage reduces pollution levels. Large-scale water diversions for uses like irrigation and cities can deplete rivers and harm ecosystems.
Jasmine aquatic diversity
The document provides information about aquatic biodiversity including definitions of key terms like plankton, nekton, benthos, and decomposers. It also discusses aquatic ecosystems like coastal zones, wetlands, and intertidal zones. Multiple choice questions test comprehension of topics like ocean acidification, plankton types, eutrophic lakes, and aquaculture. A free response question asks why aquatic plants tend to be smaller while some marine mammals are extremely large.
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Energy efficiency and renewable energy gabriel riley
Here are responses to the questions about hydroelectric power:
a) The series of energy transformations in a hydroelectric plant are:
1) Potential energy of water stored behind the dam is converted to kinetic energy as water flows through pipes/turbines.
2) The kinetic energy of flowing water is used to spin turbines.
3) The spinning turbines are connected to generators which convert the kinetic energy of the spinning turbines into electrical energy.
b) Once a hydroelectric dam is constructed, the source of fuel (falling water) is replenished by nature through the water cycle. As long as rainfall continues to fill reservoirs, the dams can generate electricity without incurring significant ongoing fuel costs.
c) One species
Amamda and robert air pollution and ozone ppt
Here are multiple choice samples from past AP Environmental Science exams:
1998 Exam:
1. Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect?
A) Gases in the atmosphere allow visible light to pass through but absorb infrared radiation, warming the lower atmosphere.
B) Gases in the atmosphere absorb all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, trapping heat near the surface of the Earth.
C) Gases in the atmosphere reflect most visible light and infrared radiation back into space, preventing warming of the lower atmosphere.
D) Gases in the atmosphere allow most infrared radiation to pass through into space, preventing significant warming of the lower atmosphere.
E) Gases in the atmosphere absorb visible light but allow most infrared radiation to
Embryology and reproduction
1. Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes cleavage and develops into a morula, blastula, and then a gastrula with three germ layers.
2. The embryo develops organs and tissues during the first trimester and is then referred to as a fetus. It continues to grow and develop throughout the second and third trimesters.
3. The male and female reproductive systems produce and transport gametes through various glands and structures. In females, eggs mature in the ovaries and travel through the fallopian tubes, while in males sperm mature in the testes and epididymis and
Evolution part 3
Hominids first appeared between 6-7 million years ago in Africa. They have evolved several times, as evidenced by fossil records. Key adaptations in hominid evolution included bipedal locomotion, larger brains and cranial capacities, changes in skull shape and jaw size, and opposable thumbs. Major hominid species included Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens are the only surviving hominid lineage.
Evolution part 2
Evolution is the process by which species change over time based on genetic variations and natural selection. Organisms must compete for limited resources and reproduce, so individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Evidence for evolution includes fossils that show how species have changed over millions of years, as well as anatomical and genetic similarities between organisms that indicate common ancestry. Darwin proposed that evolution occurs through natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce and leave more descendants.
Evolution part1
The document discusses the origins of life on Earth. It describes the early conditions on the primitive Earth that allowed for life to emerge, including the presence of liquid water, moderate temperatures, sunlight, and gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from volcanoes. Early life forms like bacteria emerged around 3.8 billion years ago. The document then discusses theories for how life began like spontaneous generation, the Miller-Urey experiment that produced amino acids from conditions simulating early Earth, and chemical evolution in underwater vents. Early life was in the form of prokaryotes for over a billion years before oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere around 2 billion years ago due to photosynthesis by cyanobacteria, allowing for more complex aerobic life
Evolution
The document discusses the origins of life on Earth and the evolution of species over time. It describes the early conditions on Earth that allowed life to form, including the presence of water, moderate temperatures, and various gases like carbon dioxide. It explains how early life forms like prokaryotes evolved and how oxygen began accumulating in the atmosphere due to photosynthetic bacteria. It also summarizes key ideas in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including inherited variation within populations, the struggle for existence, differential reproduction of offspring, and descent with modification over generations.
#2 villalobos brain, heart, reproductive syste and embryo development
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#1 donohue immune system, vaccines, and antibiotics
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1. Barriers to infection like skin and mucous membranes that keep pathogens out of the body.
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Donohue dna practice questions
1. The document provides a review of biology concepts related to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It contains 14 multiple choice questions about DNA replication, molecular clocks, sickle cell anemia treatment via gene therapy, DNA's role in controlling cells, transcription errors, the universal genetic code, DNA and RNA structures, transcription, DNA fingerprinting, and cloning human genes in bacteria.
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3. DNA in
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- 1. Pros & Cons of Testimonial Evidence Presentation developed by T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/ Eyewitness Basics
- 2. Testimonial evidence includes oral or written statements given to police as well as testimony in court by people who witnessed an event. Eyewitness accounts can be a useful tool in helping investigators with analyzing a crime scene, but are not viewed to be highly reliable. In addition, eyewitness identifications (right or wrong) can have a big influence on the outcome of an investigation or trial. People are likely to view the same scene in different ways depending on their positions, line of sight, familiarity with the area, and other factors that can interfere with a person’s ability to remember details. What is testimonial evidence? The Bunny Effect CBS News Video
- 3. Directions: You will have 30 seconds to view the next screen . Try to memorize all 20 items you see! You are NOT allowed to write anything down You CANNOT talk to anyone else. Memory Challenge
- 4. Neuroscience for Kids - http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puzmatch1.html Items to remember ...
- 6. According to The Innocence Project (2008) "Eyewitness misidentification is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in more than 75% of convictions overturned through DNA testing." Still, the criminal justice system profoundly relies on eyewitness identification and testimony for investigating and prosecuting crimes (Wells & Olson, 2003). Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts Did you know? What factors affect a person’s memory and their ability to identify a suspect?
- 11. Answer each question below. 1. What color coffee mug was in the picture? Blue Red Yellow 2. When was the deadline? Yesterday Today Tomorrow 3. What time was on the clock on the wall? 10:40 11:05 1:55 4. How many sticky notes were on the whiteboard? Four Six Eight 5. Which of the following was NOT in the picture? Stapler Trash Can Printer 6. What was the name on the plaque on the desk? Bill Brian Carl 7. What color was the victim's shirt? Black Blue Red 8. How many plants were in the picture? None One Two 9. What was the color of the marker in the desk drawer? Red Blue Green 10. Where was the book in the picture? On a box In the trash can Under the body Source: http://forensics.rice.edu/html/picture_begin.html
- 12. Facial Composites Investigators work with sketch artists and eyewitnesses to create facial composites , or sketches of a person’s face. Today many police departments are using facial reconstruction software to help them with this task. The composite may be used internally to assist officers in identifying the suspect or used externally through local media (radio, TV, and newspaper) to solicit leads from citizens. FACES – A software program that offers many options to help you recreate a person’s facial features.
- 13. The shape of the face The shape of the jaw The shape of the eyes The shape of the nose The width of the neck The shape & protrusion of the ears The presence of facial piercing The presence of facial hair, its color, & location The presence of facial markings, such as scars or tattoos Forehead or other facial lines The presence of eyeglasses or sunglasses The length, color, & texture of the person’s hair You will have a chance to try to create a facial composite. You will need to pay close attention to the following features: Let's give it a try!
Editor's Notes
- Teacher Note : Try to influence the students’ memory of the items. As they are writing down the items they remember, suggest two or three items that were not shown, such as a banana (on the info slide), a nail (goes with hammer), or pen (instead of the pencil). As you go over the correct items, ask the students if they added any of the ones you told them to remember. Tie this into the discussion (next slide) on how a person’s memory can be affected by another person.