This document provides information on first aid for various eye emergencies. It describes chemical burns to the eyes from acids, alkalis, and irritants. Alkali burns are the most dangerous as alkalis penetrate the eye and can severely damage internal structures. Acid burns are less severe but can still cause blindness. Irritants are neutral substances that cause discomfort. The document provides examples of common acidic, alkaline, and irritating substances and recommends flushing the eye with water for 15-20 minutes as first aid for chemical exposures. First aid for other eye injuries like blows, foreign objects, or cuts also involves flushing, applying cold compresses, not rubbing the eye, and seeking prompt medical care.

1. DR. KAY
DAVID E.
EYE FIRST AID

2. WHAT IS FIRST AID?
First aid is the first and
immediate assistance given to
any person suffering from
either a minor or serious
injury before taking the
injured person to the hospital.

3. Eye emergencies
 Blow to the eye
 Foreign particle in the eye
 Chemical exposures/burns to the
eye
 Cuts to the eye/eyelid.

4. Chemical exposures/burns
 A chemical burn occurs when a
liquid or powdered chemical
comes in contact with the eye.
 A chemical burns to the eye can
be divided into 3 categories:
alkali burns
acid burns
irritants

5. PH
 The acidity or alkalinity called ph of a
substance is measured on a scale from 1 – 14
with 7 indicating a neutral substance.
 Substances with ph values less than 7 are
acids while numbers higher than 7 are
alkaline.
 The higher the number the more acidic or
basic a substance is and the more damage it
can cause.

6. Alkali burns
 the most dangerous . Alkali
chemicals that have a high ph,
penetrate the surface of the eye and
can cause severe injury to both the
external structures like the cornea
and the internal structures like the
lens.
 In general, more damage occur when
the ph of the chemical is higher.

7. Examples of alkali
substances
 Common alkali substances contain
hydroxides of ammonia, lye,
potassium hydroxide , magnesium,
lime.
 Substances you may have at home that
contain these chemicals include
fertilizers, cleaning
products(ammonia), drain
cleaners(lye) oven cleaners,
cement(lime).

8. Acid burns
 Result from chemicals with low ph and are
usually less severe than alkali burns,
because they don not penetrate into the eye
as readily as alkaline substances expect
hydrofluoric acid burn which is dangerous
as an alkaline burn.
 Acids usually damage only the very front of
the eye.
 however they may cause serious damage to
the cornea and also result in blindness.

9. Examples of acid substances
 Common acid burns are sulfuric acid,
sulfurous acid, hydrochloric acids, nitric
acid, acetic acid, chromic acid, hydrofluoric
acid.
 Substance we have at home containing
these chemicals include glass
polish(hydrofluoric acid) vinegar, or nail
polish remover (acetic acid) an automobile
battery can explode and cause sulfuric acid
burn .
 This is the most common acidic burns.

10. irritants
Are substances that have
a neutral ph and tend to
cause more discomfort to
the eye than actual
damage

11. Examples of common irritants
 Most household detergents fall
into this category.
 Pepper spray is also an irritant . It
can cause significant pain but
usually does not affect vision and
rarely cause any damage to the
eye.

12. First for chemical exposures(acid,
alkali, irritants)
 Remain calm
 Do not rub your eyes
 Place your eye under running water
and flushing for 15 – 20 minutes.
 Keep your eye open during flushing
 Do not bandage your eye
 Seek medical help immediately.

13. First aid for blow to the eye
 Gently place a cold compress over your eye
in 5 -10minutes intervals.
 Do not place ice directly on the skin instead
use a cloth in between the ice and skin.
 Do not put pressure on the eye as your
applying the cold compress.
 See your eye doctor immediately if there is
pain, changes in vision, bleeding, bruises

14. First aid for foreign particle in the
eye
 Do not rub the eye.
 Pull the upper lid down an blink
repeatedly.
 Flush the eye with water until object
is eliminated.
 Follow up with an eye doctor to make
sure the object is eliminated
properly.

15. First aid for cuts to the eyelid
 Do not wash the eye or lid.
 If there is an object embedded in
your eye do not remove it.
 Cover your eye with an eye shield.
 Seek prompt medical attention.

16. Summary of ph

17. Summary of ph

18. Thank you………….
For questions ask on 08122463550(whatasapp).