Uploaded byMalcolm Murray
Extending the breadth and depth of interaction using gamification
The document discusses the implementation of gamification in education, detailing its definition, instructional design, and effects on student engagement and experience. It presents data showing how gamified courses lead to greater student interaction with course material, increased satisfaction, and more time spent on the platform. Despite its positive outcomes, challenges such as technical requirements and the need for coding are also highlighted.
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Extending the breadth and depth of interaction using gamification
- 1. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification Extendingthe Breadth & Depth of Interaction Using Gamification Dr Malcolm Murray Photo by Robert Collins on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/tvc5imO5pXk#BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification © Durham University 2018
- 2. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification Thanksto 1 2017-2018 CATALYST AWARD2017 Enhancing the Student Learning Experience Award Dr Sam Nolan, Candace Nolan-Grant & Jacqueline Scollen
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- 5. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification4Photo by Igor Ovsyannykov on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/Re_Xug6a68w Who wants… 1. A definition of Gamification? 2. To know why it was done? (pedagogical/instructional design) 3. To know how it was done? (technical) 4. To know the effect it had on the students?
- 6. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification5Photo by Romain Vignes on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/ywqa9IZB-dU 1. A definition of Gamification
- 7. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification6Photo by Shirly Niv Marton on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/EvGwPnK6apM Using game-based mechanics, aesthetics and game-thinking to engage people, motivate action, promote learning and solve problems Karl Kapp (2012) Gamification
- 8. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification Octalysis 7 Meaning Accomplishment Empowerment OwnershipSocial Influence Scarcity Unpredictability Avoidance http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/
- 9. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification8http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/ White Hat Positives Black Hat Negatives Left Brain logic, calculations & ownership Right Brain creativity, self-expression & social influence
- 10. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification9 Right Brain http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/ Black Hat
- 11. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification10http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/
- 12. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification11http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/
- 13. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification12Photo by Matthew Henry on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/fPxOowbR6ls 2. The Underlying Pedagogy & Design
- 14. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification Thesmash & grab approach to education Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/PMxoh8zJNb0 13
- 15. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamificationPhoto by Zach Rowlandson on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/UZQiL64jrDM 14
- 16. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification15 Mean Number of Pages Viewed per Session 7.3 9.6 7.9 7.6 8.0 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.3 5.7 6.1 6.7 SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
- 17. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification16 (Mean Number of Pages Viewed per Session) - 3 4.3 6.6 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.3 2.7 3.1 3.7 SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
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- 21. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification20 Iconography SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY1 NAME SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY2 NAME15 SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY3 NAME 20 0 POINTS 15
- 22. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification21 SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY1 NAME SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY2 NAME 15 SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY3 NAME 15 POINTS 20
- 23. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification22 SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY1 NAME SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY2 NAME SECTION TITLE ACTIVITY3 NAME 20 30 POINTS
- 24. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification23 Repeating with Content Displayed… COMMUNITY SETTLING IN COMMUNITY YOUR DEPT15 COMMUNITY SUPPORT 20 0 POINTS 15
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- 28. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification27 COMMUNITY SETTLING IN COMMUNITY YOUR DEPT 15 COMMUNITY SUPPORT 20 15 POINTS
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- 32. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification31Photo by Tim Mossholder on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/OwBRQ0bykX8 3. The Underlying Technology
- 33. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification32 Skin existing Blackboard content using a custom course tool ç ç This becomes the Course Entry Point
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- 38. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification UPDATE POINTS No MARKAS REVIEWED UPDATE POINTS No 37 IS ITEM GRADED? DISPLAY CONTENT ALREADY ACCESSED? Yes DISPLAY PAGE WITH LINK TO CONTENT Yes Yes ALREADY MARKED AS REVIEWED? No
- 39. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification38Photo by Robert Collins on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/tvc5imO5pXk 4. The Effect upon the Learners
- 40. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification39Photo by Chuttersnap on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/UmncJq4KPcA Gamified vs Control Course
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- 42. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification41Photo by WhereLugo on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/Y2xG2-tGQGg
- 43. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification42Photo by Patrick Tomasso on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/Oaqk7qqNh_c
- 44. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification43Photo by Jeremy Yap on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/J39X2xX_8CQ 695 552 193 259 331 309 90 44 COMMUNITY WORKING COMMUNICATION CAREER Gamified Control Number of Times a Video was Played
- 45. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification44Photo by Nathaniel Tetteh on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/-4AFJ5yujcE 4.4% 1.7% Gamified Control Discussion Board Postings
- 46. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification45 Ease of Access 0% 38% 27% 69% Poor Satisfactor y Good Very Good 0% 0% 67% 33% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good Gamified Control n = 26 (12%) n = 6 (3%)
- 47. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification46 Quality of Information 0% 8% 19% 73% Poor Satisfactor y Good Very Good 0% 0% 50% 50% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good Gamified Control n = 26 (12%) n = 6 (3%)
- 48. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification47 Range of Information 0% 8% 31% 62% Poor Satisfactor y Good Very Good 0% 0% 50% 50% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good Gamified Control n = 26 (12%) n = 6 (3%)
- 49. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification48 Quality of Activities 0% 23% 35% 42% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good 0% 0% 83% 17% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good Gamified Control n = 26 (12%) n = 6 (3%)
- 50. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification49 Relevance of Videos 4% 4% 27% 62% Poor Satisfactor y Good Very Good 0% 0% 67% 33% Poor Satisfactory Good Very Good Gamified Control n = 26 (12%) n = 6 (3%)
- 51. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification50 141 30 (2) (1) 189 143 115
- 52. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification 563 51 (2) 73 0 75 85 100
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- 54. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification53Photo by RawPixel.com on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/v1VB91uuyaE 219233 123122 Gender M F
- 55. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification54Photo by RawPixel.com on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/v1VB91uuyaE 1 8 1 7 324338 Continuing Student or New to Durham C N
- 56. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification55Photo by RawPixel.com on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/v1VB91uuyaE 116127 Nationality 97120 1520 86 67
- 57. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification56Photo by Robert Collins on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/tvc5imO5pXk 5. In Conclusion
- 58. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification57http://www.yukaichou.com/octalysis-tool/ Tool designed by Ron Bentata
- 59. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification58Photo by Rosie Kerr on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/yM9gq8GBEJs Shown structural gamification works • Students spend more time on the course • Students access content more often and for longer • Students seem more engaged and satisfied No obvious bias Positive Points
- 60. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification59Photo by Karl Magnuson on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/85J99sGggnw Negative Points No out the box solution from Blackboard Requires a bit of coding Requires a little extra setup Deriving the analytics is painful Sustained solution or a short-lived novelty/halo-effect?
- 61. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification TryIt… 60 Useful starting points: http://karlkapp.com https://www.coursera.org/learn/ gamification https://www.alt.ac.uk/about- alt/special-interest-and- members-groups/playful- learning http://yukaichou.com/start- here/ Photo by Anastasiia Tarasova on Unsplash https://unsplash.com/photos/qoA_iUXqwFw
- 62. #BbTLC18 @malcolmmurray #gamification61 Please rate this session using the TLC app
Editor's Notes
- #3 Funded by grants from HEFCE and Durham University. The individuals named have also helped with parts of this project.
- #4 Sneak Preview – taking this…
- #5 … and turning it into this!
- #6 Tailoring this session to your interests: CLICK – to reveal the 4 questions
- #8 Many definitions of gamification - this is one I really like. Basically taking parts of a game and using them to motivate and engage people. Range of different approaches - make the whole thing a game - content gamification - game based learning - or structural gamification - build a game around a series of non-gamed components.
- #9 Eight Core Drives. Map how your tool appeals to each of these.
- #10 Simply, we can define two axes where we plot the gamified tool. Usually getting a good balance is important. CLICK – black vs white hat CLICK Left brain vs Right brain Don’t get hung up on the labels!
- #11 Applying this to Facebook we can see a bias towards right brain activity – creativity, self expression, social influence. More black hat (closed groups, etc.)
- #12 Compared with LinkedIn – which is more left brain (logic calculations and ownership) and white hat Can (and often is) applied to lots of games too from Candy Crush to Farmville – check out the site
- #13 So far we have focussed just on the Level 1 analysis. Chou goes much deeper and applies this to four phases (discovery onboarding, scaffolding and end-game) and a series of player types (achievers, explorers, socializers, killers) after Bartlett. (not explored further here). Will return to this framework later…
- #15 In my case I had a particular problem that I was hoping gamification would help ME solve: Try and provide an alternative to the smash’n’grab approach to education https://unsplash.com/photos/PMxoh8zJNb0
- #16 Possibly a kinder name But the learning is occurring outside Blackboard. No f2f component to this course.
- #17 Apr 2017 – Mar 2018 incl. duo.dur.ac.uk. Data gathered via google analytics.
- #18 CLICK: 1. Portal 2. Home Page 3. Course. Only after this will learning occur.
- #19 2. INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN Greeted by name and given instructions on first access… Plus some indication of progress to date
- #20 On first access a Lightbox is triggered explaining what the course is all about… STRONGLY SCAFFOLDED
- #21 The iconography – simultaneously highlighting content start points and communicating the course structure
- #22 The iconography – highlighting start points – especially important if you return later CLICK The purple/pink icons indicate things you can do now… CLICK Solid grey icons indicate things you have already completed CLICK Pale grey icons indicate tasks you have yet to unlock
- #23 Step 2 – first activity completed, the points are banked and the second activity is now unlocked and highlighted
- #24 The iconography – highlighting start points – especially important if you return later CLICK The purple/pink icons indicate things you can do now… CLICK Solid grey icons indicate things you have already completed CLICK Pale grey icons indicate tasks you have yet to unlock
- #25 Exploring the community section CLICK icon highlighted as you click…
- #26 Standard content displayed in it’s own wrapper – less distractions around – no course menu etc. Breadcrumb bar displayed (remapped to the tool link) Also displays SCORM content, surveys, etc. although requires a custom wrapper – a bit clunky…
- #27 Videos play as normal. When you are done close the lightbox
- #28 hit the OK button or breadcrumb trail…
- #29 Taken back to the tool page, first activity now marked as completed.
- #30 Exploring the Dashboard in more detail Named greeting Points – record of achievement so far Progress bar – what’s still to do Faculty Scoreboard – community/belonging & competition (but ltd to teams given potential course size) Latest Activity – awareness of others – link to profiles – spur to action!
- #31 More help if you need it, but not swamping the screen with lengthy instructions – hopefully intuitive. Don’t want to put gamers off
- #32 Explanations provided, with a bit of pedagogy exposed. Humour used.
- #33 (A 1963 Chevrolet) Under the hood…
- #34 This is the one bit of non-standard content, but understand the underlying approach – it is all native Blackboard… CLICK: course entry point
- #35 Sections are defined by standard Folder items
- #36 Each item is a standard Blackboard content item CLICK so you can build out the structure using the standard UI tools and content types
- #37 You can change the names, order, etc. at will via the UI All that is needed to gamify it is to define the starting entry, then assign each child content item points and an icon. Used Font Awesome for the icons.
- #38 Key is the use of Mark Reviewed and Adaptive Release (based on review status or grade) on all but the top entry in each folder
- #39 Gotchas – tests, surveys, SCORM content etc. needs displayed as a link opening in a new tab so that after completing you close window, don’t get redirected to the standard content item parent page Points are granted on access, not necessarily on completion/engagement…
- #40 Relax – code over! So what difference did all this extra scaffolding, gamification and attention to the UI make to how students interacted?
- #41 We have an educational experiment. We offered our students a choice – they could choose the standard or gamified version of the course. But only 1. We are using structural not content gamification, so we can have confidence we are measuring differences attributable to the gamified UI, not the underlying content. We lost quite a few students at this junction – subject of ongoing research and possibly another talk (to another audience). Enough for know to think of two groups of students working through the materials – CLICK the gamified course vs the control.
- #42 Usage pattern pretty similar over the period – with perhaps one weekend with more standard early on, then one with more gamified later 930 standard course (n users = 355) vs 948 for the gamified (n = 342)
- #43 Session Length much deeper than normal, particularly for the gamified version
- #44 Page Views
- #45 Number of times a video was played in each section – much more watching on the Gamified course
- #46 Students were asked to post after Googling their name. An activity that needs reviewed for next year – participation was low (no interaction) 15/342 vs 6/355 students enrolled
- #47 Results from feedback survey
- #48 Results from feedback survey
- #49 Results from feedback survey
- #50 Results from feedback survey
- #51 Results from feedback survey
- #52 Distinct number of users who have accessed these content items at least once (via the Activity Accumulator) 355 Control, 342 Gamified
- #53 Similar pattern for each area – here we see the picture for the last area 355 Control, 342 Gamified
- #54 Number of times a user has accessed the content (ranked) CLICK – standard course page CLICK – Standard SCORM content CLICK – all Gamified – 2nd column is SCORM equivalent
- #55 Demographics – is there some difference between the type of people who chose the gamified versus the control course?
- #56 Demographics – is there some difference between the type of people who chose the gamified versus the control course?
- #57 Nationality Codes note shown, long tail – similar pattern for departments, faculty, full-time part-time status, etc.
- #59 My Building Block – some areas not really developed at all… encouraging white hat not black hat activity. No Group phase or elimination – everyone can win (complete the course)…