The document discusses the procedures, documentation requirements, and Incoterms for pharmaceutical exports. It covers the preliminary steps such as obtaining an IEC number, membership registrations, inquiries, order confirmations, financing, production, shipping, packing, quality control, and excise clearance. It also discusses export documentation requirements for banks, regulatory authorities, and buyers. Finally, it summarizes the key steps in an export transaction and classifies the various commercial and regulatory documents involved.
The presentation is about: Drug Regulatory Affairs as a profession, Scope & Responsibilities in life cycle management of a drug and role of RA in the drug approval process.
Registration of Indian Drug Product in Overseas Market.pptxNipun Gupta
This includes the following contents:
1. Introduction
2. Procedure for Export of products
3. Technical Documentations
MFR, BMR, COA, COPP
4. Drug Master File
5. Common Technical Document
6. Electronic Common Technical Documents
7. ASEAN Common Technical Document
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
This presentation is about the basic responsibilities and functions of CDSCO explaining the regulatory body's constitution, comprising of functions of state licensing authority and port offices covering the guidelines for new drug approval process, clinical trails and medical devices. this presentation also give a basic note on SUGAM
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
- Whilst the realization of the CTD took many years, there is now a common format for the submission of Marketing Authorizations Applications across the three ICH regions - Europe, Japan and the USA.
- This should facilitate pharmaceutical companies to make simultaneous filings in the ICH regions as it will eliminate the extensive work previously required to convert, for example, a US dossier to an EU dossier and vice versa.
Role of Business Development in Pharmaceuticals (Generic Product Business)Muhammad Ali Jehangir
Role of Business Development in Pharmaceuticals (Generic Product Business)
For New Updated Slide Deck: https://www.slideshare.net/alijehangir/business-development-licensing-overview-150008616
The presentation is about: Drug Regulatory Affairs as a profession, Scope & Responsibilities in life cycle management of a drug and role of RA in the drug approval process.
Registration of Indian Drug Product in Overseas Market.pptxNipun Gupta
This includes the following contents:
1. Introduction
2. Procedure for Export of products
3. Technical Documentations
MFR, BMR, COA, COPP
4. Drug Master File
5. Common Technical Document
6. Electronic Common Technical Documents
7. ASEAN Common Technical Document
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
This presentation is about the basic responsibilities and functions of CDSCO explaining the regulatory body's constitution, comprising of functions of state licensing authority and port offices covering the guidelines for new drug approval process, clinical trails and medical devices. this presentation also give a basic note on SUGAM
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
- Whilst the realization of the CTD took many years, there is now a common format for the submission of Marketing Authorizations Applications across the three ICH regions - Europe, Japan and the USA.
- This should facilitate pharmaceutical companies to make simultaneous filings in the ICH regions as it will eliminate the extensive work previously required to convert, for example, a US dossier to an EU dossier and vice versa.
Role of Business Development in Pharmaceuticals (Generic Product Business)Muhammad Ali Jehangir
Role of Business Development in Pharmaceuticals (Generic Product Business)
For New Updated Slide Deck: https://www.slideshare.net/alijehangir/business-development-licensing-overview-150008616
Overview Drug, Alternative Medicines, Medical Devices Registration in PakistanMuhammad Ali Jehangir
Overview of DRAP requirement regarding Drug Manufacturing And License Fee,Drug Registration and Drug Registration Fee , Drug Pricing, Enlistment and Enlistment Fee, Medical Devices and Medical Devices Fee
12 Step of how to export goods ..
Step 1. Receipt of an order
Step 2. Obtaining License and Quota
Step 3. Letter of Credit
Step 4. Fixing exchange rate
Step 5. Foreign exchange formalities
Step 6. Preparation for executing the order
Step 7. Formalities done by forwarding agent
Step 8. Bill of Lading
Step 9. Shipment advice to importer
Step 10. Presentation of documents to the bank
Step 11. Realisation of export proceeds
Step 12. Follow up
How to export goods by "Harpreet Singh aka Chris"
Some of the documents required in export transaction are preliminary inquiry and offer, confirmation of order, export license, finance among others. There are two dozen commercial and regulatory documents that are involved in the pre-shipment stage of an export transaction.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
Digital Commerce Lecture for Advanced Digital & Social Media Strategy at UCLA...Valters Lauzums
E-commerce in 2024 is characterized by a dynamic blend of opportunities and significant challenges. Supply chain disruptions and inventory shortages are critical issues, leading to increased shipping delays and rising costs, which impact timely delivery and squeeze profit margins. Efficient logistics management is essential, yet it is often hampered by these external factors. Payment processing, while needing to ensure security and user convenience, grapples with preventing fraud and integrating diverse payment methods, adding another layer of complexity. Furthermore, fulfillment operations require a streamlined approach to handle volume spikes and maintain accuracy in order picking, packing, and shipping, all while meeting customers' heightened expectations for faster delivery times.
Amid these operational challenges, customer data has emerged as an important strategy. By focusing on personalization and enhancing customer experience from historical behavior, businesses can deliver improved website and brand experienced, better product recommendations, optimal promotions, and content to meet individual preferences. Better data analytics can also help in effectively creating marketing campaigns, improving customer retention, and driving product development and inventory management.
Innovative formats such as social commerce and live shopping are beginning to impact the digital commerce landscape, offering new ways to engage with customers and drive sales, and may provide opportunity for brands that have been priced out or seen a downturn with post-pandemic shopping behavior. Social commerce integrates shopping experiences directly into social media platforms, tapping into the massive user bases of these networks to increase reach and engagement. Live shopping, on the other hand, combines entertainment and real-time interaction, providing a dynamic platform for showcasing products and encouraging immediate purchases. These innovations not only enhance customer engagement but also provide valuable data for businesses to refine their strategies and deliver superior shopping experiences.
The e-commerce sector is evolving rapidly, and businesses that effectively manage operational challenges and implement innovative strategies are best positioned for long-term success.
Short video marketing has sweeped the nation and is the fastest way to build an online brand on social media in 2024. In this session you will learn:- What is short video marketing- Which platforms work best for your business- Content strategies that are on brand for your business- How to sell organically without paying for ads.
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
When most people in the industry talk about online or digital reputation management, what they're really saying is Google search and PPC. And it's usually reactive, left dealing with the aftermath of negative information published somewhere online. That's outdated. It leaves executives, organizations and other high-profile individuals at a high risk of a digital reputation attack that spans channels and tactics. But the tools needed to safeguard against an attack are more cybersecurity-oriented than most marketing and communications professionals can manage. Business leaders Leaders grasp the importance; 83% of executives place reputation in their top five areas of risk, yet only 23% are confident in their ability to address it. To succeed in 2024 and beyond, you need to turn online reputation on its axis and think like an attacker.\
Key Takeaways:
- New framework for examining and safeguarding an online reputation
- Tools and techniques to keep you a step ahead
- Practical examples that demonstrate when to act, how to act and how to recover
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024Andy Lambert
TL;DR. These are the three themes that stood out to us over the course of last month.
1️⃣ Social media is becoming increasingly significant for brand discovery. Marketers are now understanding the impact of social and budgets are shifting accordingly.
2️⃣ Instagram’s new algorithm and latest guidance will help us maintain organic growth. Instagram continues to evolve, but Reels remains the most crucial tool for growth.
3️⃣ Collaboration will help us unlock growth. Who we work with will define how fast we grow. Meta continues to evolve their Creator Marketplace and now TikTok are beginning to push ‘collabs’ more too.
It's another new era of digital and marketers are faced with making big bets on their digital strategy. If you are looking at modernizing your tech stack to support your digital evolution, there are a few can't miss (often overlooked) areas that should be part of every conversation. We'll cover setting your vision, avoiding siloes, adding a democratized approach to data strategy, localization, creating critical governance requirements and more. Attendees will walk away with actions they can take into initiatives they are running today and consider for the future.
Come learn how YOU can Animate and Illuminate the World with Generative AI's Explosive Power. Come sit in the driver's seat and learn to harness this great technology.
5 big bets to drive growth in 2024 without one additional marketing dollar AND how to adapt to the biggest shifting eCommerce trend- AI.
1) Romance Your Customers - Retention
2) ‘Alternative’ Lead Gen - Advocacy
3) The Beautiful Basics - Conversion Rate Optimization
4) Land that Bottom Line - Profitability
5) Roll the Dice - New Business Models
Videos are more engaging, more memorable, and more popular than any other type of content out there. That’s why it’s estimated that 82% of consumer traffic will come from videos by 2025.
And with videos evolving from landscape to portrait and experts promoting shorter clips, one thing remains constant – our brains LOVE videos.
So is there science behind what makes people absolutely irresistible on camera?
The answer: definitely yes.
In this jam-packed session with Stephanie Garcia, you’ll get your hands on a steal-worthy guide that uncovers the art and science to being irresistible on camera. From body language to words that convert, she’ll show you how to captivate on command so that viewers are excited and ready to take action.
A.I. (artificial intelligence) platforms are popping up all the time, and many of them can and should be used to help grow your brand, increase your sales and decrease your marketing costs.In this presentation:We will review some of the best AI platforms that are available for you to use.We will interact with some of the platforms in real-time, so attendees can see how they work.We will also look at some current brands that are using AI to help them create marketing messages, saving them time and money in the process. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of using AI in marketing & branding and have a lively conversation that includes comments from the audience.
Key Takeaways:
Attendees will learn about LLM platforms, like ChatGPT, and how they work, with preset examples and real time interactions with the platform. Attendees will learn about other AI platforms that are creating graphic design elements at the push of a button...pre-set examples and real-time interactions.Attendees will discuss the pros & cons of AI in marketing + branding and share their perspectives with one another. Attendees will learn about the cost savings and the time savings associated with using AI, should they choose to.
Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?Cut-the-SaaS
Discover the transformative power of AI in content creation with our presentation, "Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?" by Puran Parsani, CEO & Editor of Cut-The-SaaS. Learn how AI-generated content is revolutionizing marketing, publishing, education, healthcare, and finance by offering unprecedented efficiency, creativity, and scalability.
Understanding
AI-Generated Content:
AI-generated content includes text, images, videos, and audio produced by AI without direct human involvement. This technology leverages large datasets to create contextually relevant and coherent material, streamlining content production.
Key Benefits:
Content Creation: Rapidly generate high-quality content for blogs, articles, and social media.
Brainstorming: AI simulates conversations to inspire creative ideas.
Research Assistance: Efficiently summarize and research information.
Market Insights:
The content marketing industry is projected to grow to $17.6 billion by 2032, with AI-generated content expected to dominate over 55% of the market.
Case Study: CNET’s AI Content Controversy:
CNET’s use of AI for news articles led to public scrutiny due to factual inaccuracies, highlighting the need for transparency and human oversight.
Benefits Across Industries:
Marketing: Personalize content at scale and optimize engagement with predictive analytics.
Publishing: Automate content creation for faster publication cycles.
Education: Efficiently generate educational materials.
Healthcare: Create accurate content for patients and professionals.
Finance: Produce timely financial content for decision-making.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations:
Transparency: Disclose AI use to maintain trust.
Bias: Address potential AI biases with diverse datasets.
SEO: Ensure AI content meets SEO standards.
Quality: Maintain high standards to prevent misinformation.
Conclusion:
AI-generated content offers significant benefits in efficiency, personalization, and scalability. However, ethical considerations and quality assurance are crucial for responsible use. Explore the future of content creation with us and see how AI is transforming various industries.
Connect with Us:
Follow Cut-The-SaaS on LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Medium. Visit cut-the-saas.com for more insights and resources.
The Forgotten Secret Weapon of Digital Marketing: Email
Digital marketing is a rapidly changing, ever evolving industry--Influencers, Threads, X, AI, etc. But one of the most effective digital marketing tools is also one of the oldest: Email. Find out from two Houston-based digital experts how to maximize your results from email.
Key Takeaways:
Email has the best ROI of any digital tactic
It can be used at any stage of the customer journey
It is increasingly important as the cookie-less future gets closer and closer
First Things First: Building and Effective Marketing Strategy
Too many companies (and marketers) jump straight into activation planning without formalizing a marketing strategy. It may seem tedious, but analyzing the mindset of your targeted audiences and identifying the messaging points most likely to resonate with them is time well spent. That process is also a great opportunity for marketers to collaborate with sales leaders and account managers on a galvanized go-to-market approach. I’ll walk you through the methods and tools we use with our clients to ensure campaign success.
Key Takeaways:
-Recognize the critical role of strategy in marketing
-Learn our approach for building an actionable, effective marketing strategy
-Receive templates and guides for developing a marketing strategy
Digital marketing is the art and science of promoting products or services using digital channels to reach and engage with potential customers. It encompasses a wide range of online tactics and strategies aimed at increasing brand visibility, driving website traffic, generating leads, and ultimately, converting those leads into customers.
https://nidmindia.com/
SEO as the Backbone of Digital MarketingFelipe Bazon
In this talk Felipe Bazon will share how him and his team at Hedgehog Digital share our journey of making C-Levels alike, specially CMOS realize that SEO is the backbone of digital marketing by showing how SEO can contribute to brand awareness, reputation and authority and above all how to use SEO to create more robust global marketing strategies.
2. Phr_ali91@hotmail.com
Introduction
• The exporting activity involves several commercial and regulatory
procedures.
• These procedures also involve considerable documentation
requirements.
• The export documentation involves the preparation of the specified
number of copies of the prescribed documents pertaining to the
different procedures.
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Preliminaries Steps
• IEC number the IEC numbers are normally allotted by the regional
licensing authorities
• Membership num registration : membership of certain bodies will
help the exporters in a number of ways
• Inquiry and offer : An inquiry is a request from a prospective
importer to be informed of the terms and conditions of sale
• Confirmation of order : Once the negotiation are completed and
conditions are acceptable to the buyer and seller, the buyer may
place and order with the exporter
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Preliminaries Steps
• Finance : If the exporter require preshipment financial assistance,
he should take the necessary steps to obtain it.
• Production/procurement of goods : Once the order is confirmed,
the exporter should take necessary steps to ensure the timely
availability of the goods of the specifications required and execute
the export order promptly.
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Preliminaries Steps
• Shipping space : As soon as the export order is confirmed, the
exporter should contract the shipping companies which have
sailings for the port to which goods have to be sent and book the
required shipping space.
• Packing and marketing : once the goods are ready, they are packed
and marked properly.
• Quality control and pre-shipment inspection : Needless to say,
goods should be exported only after ensuring that they are of
proper quality.
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Exchange Control Formalities
• An exporter, who has sent goods outside the country, has the
obligation to satisfy the State Bank of Pakistan that he has received
payment from his overseas buyer.
• Make a declaration on the prescribed form to the Collector of
Customs that foreign exchange, representing the full export value of
goods, has been or will be disposed of in the manner and within the
period.
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Exchange Control Formalities
• Negotiate all shipping documents, including those relating to sales
on consignment basis, through authorized dealers.
• Receive payment by an approved method
• Surrender the foreign exchange received from exports to the
exchange control authority through authorized dealers.
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Shipping The Goods
Goods may be exported to foreign by sea, air, post, land or river.
1. Shipping by sea : To obtain the permission of the port authorities
for the movement of goods into the port, it is necessary to present
the cart ticket to the gate warden/inspector/keeper at the port
gate.
2. Shipping By Air : Shipping by air has become popular for such
products as commodities which are perishable and seasonal or
high in cost but low in bulk.
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Shipping The Goods
3. Shipping By Post : Shipping of goods may be effected by post,
subject to the foreign trade and foreign exchange regulations of
the country.
4. Shipping By Land : The procedure for the export of excisable goods
by land to countries like Afghanistan is, by and large, similar to the
one laid down for export by sea.
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Shipping Documents
Three sets of Documents prepare for Exporting Pharmaceutical finished
products.
1. For ADC (Additional Drug Controller)
2. For Bank
3. For Buyer (Party who imports your good)
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Documents For Banks
1. Commercial invoice
2. Packaging List
3. Certificate of Origin
4. Copies of PRC
5. GD1 (Good Declaration)
6. Bills of Transport(Airway, Shipping, Land)
7. Copies of Insurance Bill
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Regulatory (ADC) Documents
1. Commercial Invoices
2. COA (Certificate of Analysis)
3. Form A
4. Summary Report of Export Of Drug Product
5. Copies of Registration Certificate (Drug Registration Certificate)
6. Form E
7. Undertaking
8. NOC’s copies
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Documents for Buyers
1. Commercial Invoices
2. Packaging List
3. Form E
4. COA (Certificate of Analysis)
5. Certificate of Origin
6. NOC’s issued by ADC (Additional Drug Controller)
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Documents Related To Goods
1.Invoice :
An invoice is the seller’s bill for merchandise and contains particulars
of goods, such as the price per unit at a particular location, quantity,
total value, packing etc.
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Documents Related To Goods
2 .Packing Note and List :
Difference between a packing note and a packing list is that the
packing note refers to the particulars of the contents of an individual
pack, while the packing list is a consolidated statement of the contents
of a number of cases or packs.
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Documents Related To Goods
3. Certificate of origin :
A certificate of origin, as the name indicates, is a certificate which
specifies the country of the production of the goods.
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Certificates Related To Shipment
2.Shipping Bill :
The shipping bill is the main document on the basis of which the
Customs ‘ permission for export is given.
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Certificates Related To Shipment
3.Cart Ticket :
A cart ticket, also known as a cart chit, vehicle and gate pass, is
prepared by the exporter and includes details of the export cargo in
terms of the shipper’s name, the number of packages, the shipping bill
number, the port of destination and the number of the vehicle carrying
the cargo.
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Requirement to Export
1) NTN
National Tax Number Certificate, which is issued by the Income Tax
Department on filing of application form accompanied with one
attested copy of NIC.
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Requirement to Export
2) Sales Tax Registration
Commercial exporter is not required to register with Sales Tax
Department. But if you pay the sale tax on the goods from local market it will
be better for you to get yourself registered with sales tax department so that
you may claim your input tax deducting on your purchases. Once you are
registered in sales tax department you will be obliged to the monthly sales tax
return irrespective of the fact that you have been involved in any sales tax
activity or not. 3
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Requirement to Export
3) Bank Account
Current Bank Account is required for export proceedings and
documents.
4) Chamber Membership
Membership certificate of Chamber of Commerce and Industries
or any relevant trade association is required.
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Requirement to Export
5) Documents For Clearing Agent
Once the consignment, to be exported arrives at the port, usually a clearing
agent services are sought. The following documents are required to provide to
clearing agent to clear the consignment.
i) Packing List.
ii) Commercial Invoice.
iii) Letter of Credit (L/C).
iv) Certificate of Origin which is issued by Chamber of Commerce.
v) National Tax Number Certificate.
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Requirement to Export
6) Form “E”
Form “E” (State bank form): All exports from Pakistan which are subject to Foreign Exchange Regulations
are required to be declared on form „E‟ which is in sets of four copies each. The exporter should submit
the full set of Form „E‟ to the bank after it has been completed and signed by the exporter himself or
his authorized agent. While certifying Form „E‟, bank should ensure that exporters give only one
address in Form „E‟. After the form is certified by the bank, it should be submitted to the
Customs/Postal authorities at the time of shipment along with the shipping bill. The Customs
authorities will detach the original copy and after filling in the portion relating to them and affixing their
seal and signature thereon forward it to the State Bank. The Customs authorities will return the
duplicate, triplicate and quadruplicate copies to the exporter or his authorized agent who will retain the
quadruplicate for his own record and submit the duplicate and triplicate copies to the Authorized Dealer
along with the shipping documents within 14 days from the date of shipment.
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Requirement to Export
7) Submission of Export Documents to the bank
All shipping documents covering goods exported from Pakistan and
declared on Form E must be passed through the medium of bank
within 14 days from the date of shipment. The exporter must submit
the duplicate (bearing Customs seal and signature of Customs Officials
with Code number) and triplicate copies of Form E along with the
shipping documents, invoices etc., to the bank who had certified the
Form E. An extra copy of the shipper’s invoice must be attached to
the triplicate copy of the Form E.
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EXW (‘Ex Works’)
• The seller makes the goods available to be collected at their premises and
the buyer is responsible for all other risks, transportation costs, taxes and
duties from that point onwards. This term is commonly used when
quoting a price.
• Example Goods are being picked up by the buyer from the seller’s
premises in Birmingham. The term used in the contract is ‘EXW
Birmingham’.
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FCA (‘Free Carrier’)
• The seller gives the goods, cleared for export, to the buyer’s carrier at a
specified place. The buyer is then responsible for getting transported to
the specified place of final delivery. This term is commonly used for
containers travelling by more than one mode of transport.
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CPT (‘Carriage Paid To’)
• The seller pays to transport the goods to the specified destination.
Responsibility for the goods transfers to the buyer when the seller passes
them to the first carrier.
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CIP (‘Carriage and Insurance Paid’)
• The seller pays for insurance as well as transport to the specified
destination. Responsibility for the goods transfers to the buyer when the
seller passes them to the first carrier.
• CIP (‘Carriage and Insurance Paid’) is commonly used for goods being
transported by container by more than one mode of transport. If
transporting only by sea, CIF is often used (see below).
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DAT (‘Delivered at Terminal’)
• The seller pays for transport to a specified terminal at the agreed
destination. The buyer is responsible for the cost of importing the goods.
The buyer takes responsibility once the goods are unloaded at the
terminal.
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DAP (‘Delivered at Place’)
• The seller pays for transport to the specified destination, but the buyer
pays the cost of importing the goods. The seller takes responsibility for the
goods until they’re ready to be unloaded by the buyer.
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DDP/DTP (‘Delivered Duty Paid’)
• The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named destination
in the buyer’s country, including all costs involved.
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FAS (‘Free Alongside Ship’)
• The seller puts the goods alongside the ship at the specified port they’re
going to be shipped from. The seller must get the goods ready for export,
but the buyer is responsible for the cost and risk involved in loading them.
• This term is commonly used for heavy-lift or bulk cargo (e.g. generators,
boats), but not for goods transported in containers by more than one
mode of transport (FCA is usually used for this).
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FOB (‘Free on Board’)
• The seller must get the goods ready for export and load them onto the
specified ship. The buyer and seller share the costs and risks when the
goods are on board. This term is not used for goods transported in
containers by more than one mode of transport (FCA is usually used for
this).
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CFR (‘Cost and Freight’)
• The seller must pay the costs of bringing the goods to the specified port.
The buyer is responsible for risks when the goods are loaded onto the
ship.
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CIF (‘Cost, Insurance and Freight’)
• The seller must pay the costs of bringing the goods to the specified port.
They also pay for insurance. The buyer is responsible for risks when the
goods are loaded onto the ship.
41Muhammad Ali
42. Phr_ali91@hotmail.com
Summary
Some important steps and documents in export transaction are :
preliminaries, inquiry and offer, confirmation of order, export license,
finance, procurement of goods, shipping space, packing and marking,
quality control and pre-shipment inspection, excise clearance, customs
formalities, exchange control formalities, insurance, shipping goods,
negotiation of documents and export incentives.
42Muhammad Ali
43. Phr_ali91@hotmail.com
Summary
• There are two dozen commercial and regulatory documents
involved in pre-shipment stage of an export transaction.
• The different commercial and regulatory documents may be
classified into documents related to goods, documents related to
shipment, documents related to payment, documents related to
inspection etc.
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