Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz that forms in sedimentary environments. Its color ranges from orange to red due to iron oxide impurities like hematite. Carnelian was highly valued in ancient Egypt and Greece/Rome, used in jewelry, amulets, and seals. Agate is a banded variety of chalcedony that comes in many colors and was commonly used in ancient Greece for ornamental purposes. Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminum oxide that occurs as the gemstones ruby and sapphire, taking their color from transition metal impurities. Olivine is a common magnesium iron silicate in Earth's mantle that we

1. THE STONES FOUND IN

2. CARNELIAN AGATE
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, which is a
form of microcrystalline quartz. It forms as a result
of the deposition of silica-rich solutions in
sedimentary environments, such as cherts,
agates, and flint nodules.
The color of carnelian is primarily due to the
presence of iron oxide impurities, particularly
hematite (Fe2O3). The varying concentrations
and distribution of these impurities result in the
range of colors observed in carnelian, including
shades of orange, red, and brown.
Carnelian has been highly valued and used by
ancient civilizations. In Egypt, carnelian was
associated with the sun god Ra and was believed
to provide protection and courage. It adorned
jewelry, amulets, and seals, and was often buried
with the deceased to ensure their safe passage
into the afterlife. In ancient Greece and Rome,
carnelian was also utilized in engraved signet
rings and as decorative items.

3. AGATE
The stone was given its name by Theophrastus, a
Greek philosopher and naturalist, who discovered
the stone along the shore line of the Dirillo River
or Achates (Ancient Greek: Ἀχάτης) in Sicily,
sometime between the 4th and 3rd centuries
BCE.
Agate (/ˈæɡɪt/) is the banded variety of
chalcedony, which comes in a wide variety of
colors. Agates are primarily formed within
volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The ornamental
use of agate was common in Ancient Greece, in
assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek
warriors, while bead necklaces with pierced and
polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium
BCE in the Indus Valley civilisation

4. CORUNDUM
The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil-
Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire)
(appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda).
Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium
oxide (Al2O3) typically containing traces of iron,
titanium, vanadium and chromium.It is a rock-
forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent
material, but can have different colors depending
on the presence of transition metal impurities in
its crystalline structure. Corundum has two
primary gem varieties: ruby and sapphire. Rubies
are red due to the presence of chromium, and
sapphires exhibit a range of colors depending on
what transition metal is present.A rare type of
sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange.

5. OLIVINE
Olivine is named for its typically olive-green color,
thought to be a result of traces of nickel,[citation
needed] though it may alter to a reddish color
from the oxidation of iron.
The mineral olivine (/ˈɒl.ɪˌviːn/) is a magnesium
iron silicate with the chemical formula
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4. It is a type of nesosilicate or
orthosilicate. The primary component of the
Earth's upper mantle,[9] it is a common mineral in
Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the
surface. For this reason, olivine has been
proposed as a good candidate for accelerated
weathering to sequester carbon dioxide from the
Earth's oceans and atmosphere, as part of
climate change mitigation. Olivine also has many
other historical uses, such as the gemstone
peridot (or chrysolite), as well as industrial
applications like metalworking processes.

6. CHALCEDONY
The term chalcedony is derived from the name of the ancient
Greek town Chalkedon in Asia Minor, in modern English usually
spelled Chalcedon, today the Kadıköy district of Istanbul.
Chalcedony can be separated into the translucent category
known as agate and the opaque category jasper. Within agate
and jasper there are numerous varieties that can be separated
by color, appearance, and phenomenon.

7. BASALT
Basalt is an aphanitic extrusive igneous rock formed
from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in
magnesium and iron exposed at or very near the
surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of
all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Most of the world's
basalt erupts quietly in the deep sea, along the mid-
ocean ridges—the spreading zones of plate tectonics.
Lesser amounts erupt on volcanic ocean islands,
above subduction zones, and in occasional large
outbursts elsewhere.

8. SERPENTINE
Serpentine gemstone, or "precious serpentine," was
named in 1564 by Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer)
from the Latin "serpens" for its mottled and scaley
appearance like a serpent or snake. It is also known by
many trade names such as false jade and Teton jade.
Serpentine can also be confused with jade (although
serpentine is usually spotted or veined), onyx marble,
turquoise and verdite. Fire Mountain Gems and Beads
clearly identifies ''new'' jade as a serpentine.Serpentine
is believed to help establish control over one's life.
According to metaphysical beliefs, serpentine provides a
clearing of thought to better facilitate meditation.
Serpentine is said to clear clouded areas of the chakras
and stimulate the crown chakra, promoting spiritual
understanding and psychic
abilities.Serpentine is actually a group of magnesium
silicate minerals, which are related but have different
structures. All variations of serpentine are a basic
magnesium silicate, with many containing iron as well.
Serpentine may also contain smaller quantities of
elements such as chromium, nickel and cobalt.
Serpentine is found in two aggregate structures: leafy
serpentine (leafy antigorite) and fibrous serpentine
(fibrous chrysotile), with very fine fibrous varieties
designated as asbestos serpentine. Serpentine has a
greasy to silky luster and is sensitive to acids. Colors
are often spotty.

9. BEIGE MARBLE
1. Marble is a Greek word that refers to the shining and
sparkling physical appearance of the stone.
2. Marble is a metamorphic stone. It changes its composition
over time from one rock to another. Limestone is softened
over time under conditions of extreme heat and pressure, and
is then recrystallized as marble.
3. Marble is composed of calcite, aragonite and dolomite
crystals.
4. Marble is highly porous in nature. Oils, fat, and grease
stain it easily and it is easily damaged by acids.
5. Contrary to its appearance, marble is a relatively soft
stone. It ranks between 2 and 5 on the Mohs scale used for
determining the hardness of rocks and stones.
6. Marble is available in several colors, such as pink, grey,
7. White marble is the most popularly used marble. Most of
the world’s most beautiful and prized sculptures are made out
of white marble.
8. Ground marble is used in making some papers and paints
and also in toothpaste.
9. The use of marble dates back to the era of ancient Greeks
and Romans who used it for sculptures and architecture.
10. Most of the Renaissance art and sculpture is made out of
this classic natural stone.

10. SUNSTONE
Sunstone gems belong to the feldspar group, which encompasses a large variety of gemstone
materials--including moonstone and amazonite. The sparkly metallic glitter in this particular feldspar is
called aventurescence, which is caused by flat, reflective inclusions (sometimes called "schiller").
These inclusions can be hematite, copper or other minerals. Larger inclusions tend to be more glittery
while small inclusions create a red or gold sheen on top of the stone's natural color. Not all sunstones
contain aventurescence. Since "sun" is in this gemstone's name, it's no surprise sunstone is associated
with the radiance of the sun and the energy it produces to sustain life. Sunstone is said to be a stone of
leadership, encouraging the wearer to be open, benevolent and willing to bestow blessings upon others.
Also known as a stone of joy, sunstone is believed to inspire good nature and an enjoyment of life.