Exploration network chapter2
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The document discusses key concepts in network fundamentals including: - The structure of networks including devices, media, protocols, and layered models like TCP/IP and OSI. - How messages are communicated across networks in segments using hardware, software, end devices, and intermediary devices. - The roles of protocols in allowing different devices to communicate successfully in a standardized way. - How layered models and encapsulation allow messages to be broken into packets and routed between sources and destinations.
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OSI model (7 LAYER )
This document discusses layered network models, specifically the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It provides an overview of each layer in both models and their functions. The key points are:
- The OSI model defines 7 layers that break communication into smaller parts to simplify the process and allow different hardware/software to work together.
- The TCP/IP model has 4 layers - application, transport, internet, and network access. It is used widely on the internet.
- Each layer adds header information to data as it moves down the stack. This encapsulation allows communication between layers and across networks.
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The document discusses application layer functionality and protocols. It defines the application layer as the source and destination of data across networks. It explains how applications, services, and protocols allow the conversion of communication to network-transferable data. It also describes common application layer protocols like HTTP, DNS, SMTP, and their roles in supporting functions like accessing web pages, domain name resolution, and email. Finally, it outlines additional protocols like Telnet, SMB, and Gnutella and their usage in tasks such as network management, file sharing, and peer-to-peer services.
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