Crane Hooks are highly liable components and are always subjected to failure due to the amount of stresses concentration which can eventually lead to its failure. To study the stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition, a solid model of crane hook is prepared with the help of solid works or Pro E software. Real time pattern of stress concentration in 3D model of crane hook is obtained. By predicting the stress concentration area, the shape of the crane is modified to increase its working life and reduce the failure rates. Hooks are employed in heavy industries to carry tonnes of loads safely. These hooks have a big role to play as far as the safety of the crane loaded is concerned. With more and more industrialization the rate at which these hooks are forged are increasing. This work has been carried out on one of the major crane hook carrying a larger load comparatively. The cad model of the crane hook is initially prepared with the help of existing drawings. It is then followed by implementation of modified cross section of hook in the static structural analysis workbench of ANSYS. The selection was based on the satisfaction of several factors in the form of load carrying capacity, stress induced and deflection Stress analysis plays a significant role in the design of parts and structures that must carry load. In this study, Crane hook which is one of lifting equipment, frequently used in material handling is investigated. Analytical Straight beam, curved beam and Winkler Bach approximation , FEM methods were used by various researchers to study stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition. The fatigue of the crane which leads to failure of propagation of cracks by stress concentration. Gabriel. A | Suganth. V | Dr. S. Velumani "Experimental Investigation of Stress Concentration in Cross Section of Crane Hook" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33640.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33640/experimental-investigation-of-stress-concentration-in-cross-section-of-crane-hook/gabriel-a
Design, Analysis and weight optimization of Crane Hook: A Reviewijsrd.com
Crane hook are highly liable component and are always subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stress which can eventually lead to its failure .In this present work, to study the different design parameter & stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition for different cross section, the design and drafting of crane hook will be prepared by using ANSYS 14.5. By finite element analysis, the stress which is to be formed in various cross section are compared with design calculation .The stress concentration factors are used in strength and durability evaluation of structure and machine element. In this work and also we observe the parameter that affects the weight reduction.
OPTIMIZATION AND FATIGUE ANALYSISOF A CRANE HOOK USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODijmech
Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions.
Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs
because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modeling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-section referring to one of its existing design is done
using SOLIDWORKS. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench and nCode DesignLife. The
lengths of two parallel sides of the cross-section of crane hook are varied and different candidates are
obtained for loading capacity of 30 ton on the basis of Mass, total Displacement and Von-Mises stress.This
is done to reduce weight and balance economy. Further, out of these candidates, best candidates are
considered and fatigue analysis is performed on these candidates.
Analysis of main beam of bridge crane based on ANSYSIJRES Journal
In this paper, the beam of bridge crane is the research object. This paper introduced the main
structure of the bridge crane. Four kinds of work conditions are studied, and a finite condition analysis is
carried out based on ANSYS. According to the actual operating results and theoretical analysis on allowable
bending and allowable stress this paper confirmed that the stiffness safety of beam meets the design
requirements, and provided reliable basis and optimization of crane design.
Comparison of stress between winkler bach theory and ansys finite element met...eSAT Journals
Abstract Crane Hooks are highly liable components and are always subjected to failure due to the amount of stresses concentration which can eventually lead to its failure. To study the stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition, a solid model of crane hook is prepared with the help of CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application) software. Pattern of stress distribution in 3D model of crane hook is obtained using ANSYS software. The stress distribution pattern is verified for its correctness on model of crane hook using Winkler-Bach theory for curved beams. The complete study is an initiative to establish an ANSYS based Finite Element procedure, by validating the results, for the measurement of stress with Winkler-Bach theory for curved beams. Keywords: Crane Hook, CATIA, ANSYS, Curved Beam, Stress, Winkler-Bach Theory
Design and Stress Analysis of various cross section of HookIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Design, Analysis and weight optimization of Crane Hook: A Reviewijsrd.com
Crane hook are highly liable component and are always subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stress which can eventually lead to its failure .In this present work, to study the different design parameter & stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition for different cross section, the design and drafting of crane hook will be prepared by using ANSYS 14.5. By finite element analysis, the stress which is to be formed in various cross section are compared with design calculation .The stress concentration factors are used in strength and durability evaluation of structure and machine element. In this work and also we observe the parameter that affects the weight reduction.
OPTIMIZATION AND FATIGUE ANALYSISOF A CRANE HOOK USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODijmech
Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions.
Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs
because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modeling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-section referring to one of its existing design is done
using SOLIDWORKS. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench and nCode DesignLife. The
lengths of two parallel sides of the cross-section of crane hook are varied and different candidates are
obtained for loading capacity of 30 ton on the basis of Mass, total Displacement and Von-Mises stress.This
is done to reduce weight and balance economy. Further, out of these candidates, best candidates are
considered and fatigue analysis is performed on these candidates.
Analysis of main beam of bridge crane based on ANSYSIJRES Journal
In this paper, the beam of bridge crane is the research object. This paper introduced the main
structure of the bridge crane. Four kinds of work conditions are studied, and a finite condition analysis is
carried out based on ANSYS. According to the actual operating results and theoretical analysis on allowable
bending and allowable stress this paper confirmed that the stiffness safety of beam meets the design
requirements, and provided reliable basis and optimization of crane design.
Comparison of stress between winkler bach theory and ansys finite element met...eSAT Journals
Abstract Crane Hooks are highly liable components and are always subjected to failure due to the amount of stresses concentration which can eventually lead to its failure. To study the stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition, a solid model of crane hook is prepared with the help of CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application) software. Pattern of stress distribution in 3D model of crane hook is obtained using ANSYS software. The stress distribution pattern is verified for its correctness on model of crane hook using Winkler-Bach theory for curved beams. The complete study is an initiative to establish an ANSYS based Finite Element procedure, by validating the results, for the measurement of stress with Winkler-Bach theory for curved beams. Keywords: Crane Hook, CATIA, ANSYS, Curved Beam, Stress, Winkler-Bach Theory
Design and Stress Analysis of various cross section of HookIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Crane Hook Using Finite Element AnalysisIJRTEMJOURNAL
The Crane hooks are very at risk segments that are regularly utilized for mechanical purposes.
In this way such segments in an industry must be produced and composed in an approach to convey most extreme
execution without failure. Failure of a crane hook essentially relies upon three central point i.e. measurement,
material, overload. The undertaking is worried towards expanding the safe load by fluctuating the cross-sectional
measurements of the four distinct segments and diverse materials. The chose areas are square, circle, and
trapezoidal. The territory stays consistent while changing the measurements of the four unique segments. The
crane hook is demonstrated utilizing catia programming. The pressure and life investigation is finished utilizing
ANSYS 18.1 workbench. The ordinary worry along add up to misshaping, stress and life’s according to the
materials considered. It is discovered that trapezoidal cross segment yields most extreme load of 4000 KG to 5000
KG for steady cross segment zone among four cross segment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Analysis of Auger in KAMCO Power Tillerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Pins require very little service and total failure seldom occurs. Wear, pitting, and scoring are the usual troubles
encountered with pins. In this paper, going to apply induction hardening process on pins and its comparison will
be done with existing pins. Different hardening thickness or case depth will be applied and analysis will be done
to interpret the results. Case depth of 1mm, 2mm or 2.5mm will be taken in induction hardening process.
Caterpillar 320dl excavator model is taken for study. Material used for the pins is EN8 grade of steel. And
different material used for the pin for analysis purpose will be bronze alloy, Titanium. The main objective in this
project is to determine the appropriate induction hardening case depth to be used in manufacturing pins.ThreedHiympeenrsmioensh
m aondde Alsn osfy sp iwnisl lu bseed u sined e xtoc aavnaatloyrz ew tihlle bsetr ecsres astteadtu uss oinng t hCea ptiianVs.5 T shoef tmwaarxei,m mumes hdienfgo rwmiallt iboen ,d monaex iumsuinmg
stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis.
Probabilistic Design of Helical Coil Spring for Longitudinal Invariance by Us...IJERA Editor
The study represents new approach to design helical coil spring. Response surface modeling and analysis of open coiled helical spring by considering longitudinal and invariance have been carried out. Design parameters are wire diameter, spring diameter, height, number of turns elastic modulus in X and Z direction, poissions ratio, force. Simple equations is proposed which gives value of compressive stress of helical coil spring by carrying out regression analysis. It is observed that force and material property are significant parameters which affect compressive stress because their P value is 1. Relationship among design parameters and compressive stress has been obtained.
An Optimization of pallet weight is an key point to be considered for lean manufacturing,cost reduction & effective operations. An effort for optimization of pallets has been carried out by many researchers using various methods considering static& dynamic loading conditions.
THE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MESHING OF DOUBLE HELICAL GEARIJARIIT
Gears are the most important components of a Power Transmission System. The recent advancement and trend in technology requires gears operating at high load capacities and speeds with reduced space requirement. A gear normally fails when the tooth stress exceeds the allowable limit. So, it is essential to keep the maximum stress in a gear tooth under a specified limit for a given loading conditions. Analysis of gears is carried out to find out the possible laudation of failure and taking a corrective measure for the same. A gear failure is expensive not in terms of the cost of replacement but due to the downtime and loss of production associated with the failure. Gear design should consider all the possible loads that it can experience during its life. Surface fatigue and fracture is one of the major problem in gear and gearbox design. In order to find out and analyze the exact location of failure and the stress value at which gear fails, stress analysis of the double helical gear has been done in ANSYS. Load conditions to be experience by the gear has been applied along with other constraints
Contact is the principal method of applying loads between deformable solids,and therefore is present in a wide variety of mechanical components. In addition,contacts usually act as stress concentrations,and are thus probable locations for mechanical failure. Some of the most typical mechanical failures involving contact include:fretting,fretting fatigue,wear,fret ting wear and false brinelling. The contact of UIC - 60 and IRS - T12 rail - wheel has been analyzed by hand calculations to determine contact stresses. A three dimen sional finite element model of both type of rail - wheel contact is developed in ANSYS to compare to the typical hand - calculated s tresses. A vertical force is applied railway wheel & simulates the effects frictional surfaces. The results of the finite element model analysis contained herein are compared to hand calculations. Based on these results,a finite element analysis should be used if a greater level of detail is required for the analysis of the rail - wheel contact.
Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite E...IJERA Editor
This study represents simulation of hollow circular composite beam by using Monte Carlo method .A three
dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of hollow
circular composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress
was objective function. Beam length, beam radius, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio of epoxy
graphite, ply angles of hollow circular section, radius and force are randomly varied within effective range and
their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is
benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce
bending stress under static loading condition.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
EShape Optimization Of A Suspension Bellcrank Using 3d Finite Element MethodsIJERA Editor
The paper represents an application of an optimization procedure for a mass and stress optimization of the bellcrank of a double wishbone suspension system of SRM University’s FormulaSAE vehicle. The used optimization procedure, so-called Fully Stressed Design, is based on an indirect approach utilizing optimum criteria. The aim of the optimization was to achieve the lowest possible mass of the construction taking into consideration the allowed resistance and also to investigate and analyze the structural stress distribution of bellcrank at the real time condition during damping process and the spring actuation.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Crane Hook Using Finite Element AnalysisIJRTEMJOURNAL
The Crane hooks are very at risk segments that are regularly utilized for mechanical purposes.
In this way such segments in an industry must be produced and composed in an approach to convey most extreme
execution without failure. Failure of a crane hook essentially relies upon three central point i.e. measurement,
material, overload. The undertaking is worried towards expanding the safe load by fluctuating the cross-sectional
measurements of the four distinct segments and diverse materials. The chose areas are square, circle, and
trapezoidal. The territory stays consistent while changing the measurements of the four unique segments. The
crane hook is demonstrated utilizing catia programming. The pressure and life investigation is finished utilizing
ANSYS 18.1 workbench. The ordinary worry along add up to misshaping, stress and life’s according to the
materials considered. It is discovered that trapezoidal cross segment yields most extreme load of 4000 KG to 5000
KG for steady cross segment zone among four cross segment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Analysis of Auger in KAMCO Power Tillerinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Pins require very little service and total failure seldom occurs. Wear, pitting, and scoring are the usual troubles
encountered with pins. In this paper, going to apply induction hardening process on pins and its comparison will
be done with existing pins. Different hardening thickness or case depth will be applied and analysis will be done
to interpret the results. Case depth of 1mm, 2mm or 2.5mm will be taken in induction hardening process.
Caterpillar 320dl excavator model is taken for study. Material used for the pins is EN8 grade of steel. And
different material used for the pin for analysis purpose will be bronze alloy, Titanium. The main objective in this
project is to determine the appropriate induction hardening case depth to be used in manufacturing pins.ThreedHiympeenrsmioensh
m aondde Alsn osfy sp iwnisl lu bseed u sined e xtoc aavnaatloyrz ew tihlle bsetr ecsres astteadtu uss oinng t hCea ptiianVs.5 T shoef tmwaarxei,m mumes hdienfgo rwmiallt iboen ,d monaex iumsuinmg
stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis.
Probabilistic Design of Helical Coil Spring for Longitudinal Invariance by Us...IJERA Editor
The study represents new approach to design helical coil spring. Response surface modeling and analysis of open coiled helical spring by considering longitudinal and invariance have been carried out. Design parameters are wire diameter, spring diameter, height, number of turns elastic modulus in X and Z direction, poissions ratio, force. Simple equations is proposed which gives value of compressive stress of helical coil spring by carrying out regression analysis. It is observed that force and material property are significant parameters which affect compressive stress because their P value is 1. Relationship among design parameters and compressive stress has been obtained.
An Optimization of pallet weight is an key point to be considered for lean manufacturing,cost reduction & effective operations. An effort for optimization of pallets has been carried out by many researchers using various methods considering static& dynamic loading conditions.
THE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MESHING OF DOUBLE HELICAL GEARIJARIIT
Gears are the most important components of a Power Transmission System. The recent advancement and trend in technology requires gears operating at high load capacities and speeds with reduced space requirement. A gear normally fails when the tooth stress exceeds the allowable limit. So, it is essential to keep the maximum stress in a gear tooth under a specified limit for a given loading conditions. Analysis of gears is carried out to find out the possible laudation of failure and taking a corrective measure for the same. A gear failure is expensive not in terms of the cost of replacement but due to the downtime and loss of production associated with the failure. Gear design should consider all the possible loads that it can experience during its life. Surface fatigue and fracture is one of the major problem in gear and gearbox design. In order to find out and analyze the exact location of failure and the stress value at which gear fails, stress analysis of the double helical gear has been done in ANSYS. Load conditions to be experience by the gear has been applied along with other constraints
Contact is the principal method of applying loads between deformable solids,and therefore is present in a wide variety of mechanical components. In addition,contacts usually act as stress concentrations,and are thus probable locations for mechanical failure. Some of the most typical mechanical failures involving contact include:fretting,fretting fatigue,wear,fret ting wear and false brinelling. The contact of UIC - 60 and IRS - T12 rail - wheel has been analyzed by hand calculations to determine contact stresses. A three dimen sional finite element model of both type of rail - wheel contact is developed in ANSYS to compare to the typical hand - calculated s tresses. A vertical force is applied railway wheel & simulates the effects frictional surfaces. The results of the finite element model analysis contained herein are compared to hand calculations. Based on these results,a finite element analysis should be used if a greater level of detail is required for the analysis of the rail - wheel contact.
Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite E...IJERA Editor
This study represents simulation of hollow circular composite beam by using Monte Carlo method .A three
dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of hollow
circular composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress
was objective function. Beam length, beam radius, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio of epoxy
graphite, ply angles of hollow circular section, radius and force are randomly varied within effective range and
their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is
benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce
bending stress under static loading condition.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study of analysis of bus passenger tie rod a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract This paper focuses on the study of buckling load on the Tie rod of steering system that undergoes an axial compression. Because of the external factors like road condition, different driving situations, different road adhesion, traffic conditions, vibrations and sudden jerks are sets up in tie rod. Tie rod generally buckle under the action of compressive force due to the large ratio of tie rod length to its radius of gyration. When it becomes worn out, steering will become more difficult and the vehicle will also typically be pulling or dragging to either side. Thus the aim of the project is to analyze tie rod for to improve the mass and buckling load of tie rod and to find out maximum deformation and stress. Present research is divided in two parts. First, to conduct survey amongst the buses, examine the causes of failure and second is to design and analysis to recommend best possible alternatives of Tie Rod with the aid of advanced design tools like CAD. Tie Rod failure is one of the major problems facing for MSRTC workshop supervisor. Key Words: Buckling Load, Compressive Load, CAD, FEM, MSRTC Bus, Tie Rod etc…
Effect of Perforation in Channel Section for Resistibility against Shear Buck...ijtsrd
The steel structure have maximum complexity in designing against load bearing capacity as well as stability to withstand under different types of stresses, thus several types of sections were proposed to enhance stability under variable kind of loads, further channel section and I – sections have maximum capability to resist maximum stress and loads in different conditions. In present investigation analysis is performed on ABAQUS to identify the strength ability during unity load with shear buckling evaluation by performing simulation of shear buckling prediction using ABAQUS FEM package in channel section with different shape hole in web i.e. circular, elliptical, hexagonal, pentagonal and rhombus, the parameters and results were validated from present previous research work present in literature, these different hole profiles in channel section are investigated for shear stress, deformation, eigen value shear force, reaction force and shear buckling coefficient. Thus minimum shear stress is found in hexagonal hole profiled channel section with respect to different hole diameter, IS 808 – 1989 was considered for design of channel section. Samant Pratap Singh | Dr. A. K. Jha | Dr. R. S. Parihar "Effect of Perforation in Channel Section for Resistibility against Shear Buckling" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51774.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/51774/effect-of-perforation-in-channel-section-for-resistibility-against-shear-buckling/samant-pratap-singh
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical Simulation of Knuckle Joint Using Finite Element Method: A New Appr...dbpublications
For the past few decades, there has
been a rapidprogress in the field ofmaterial science
which has resulted in the reduction of cost and
weight of materials. This modified systems
developed by incorporating various advanced and
smarter materialshas led to areduction in number of
accidents andtherefore, the safety has increased,
which again has been an utmost concern for any
industry in modern times.
The present work is an attempt to provide
the readers with a comparative overview in the
context of conventional and advanced materials
focusing on a mechanical joint, i.e. the Knuckle
joint. A Knuckle joint finds its extensive
application for connecting two rods subjected to
normal tensile load and requiring flexibility in its
angular movements. Here, we are suggesting a
modification over theconventionally used material,
such as Aluminium alloythat is widely used for
manufacturing the Knuckle joints.The results
obtained from our study approves that the use of
composite material not only decreases the weight
of the material but it also improves the life of the
component as the composite material shows less
deformation in comparison to the conventional one.
In the present work, CATIA V5R18 has been used
for modellingthe 3D geometry of Knuckle Joint
and ANSYS (Workbench 16.2) is been used for
finite element analysis of the same with
the conventional and composites materials
respectively. Composite analysis is based on Rule
of mixtures.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33640 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1265
of the lifting hooks require using ductile materials to avoid
brittle failure; in this respect they investigated the strain
based criteria for failure, accounting the stress triaxiality.
Rashmi Uddanwadiker(2011), studied stress analysis of
crane hook using finite element method and validated
results using Photo elasticity. Photo elasticity test is based
on the property of birefringence. To study stress pattern in
the hook in a loaded condition analysis was carried out in
two steps firstly by FEM stress analysis of approximate
model and results were validated against photo elastic
experiment. Secondly, assuming hook as a curved beam and
its verification using FEM of exact hook. The ANSYS results
were compared with analytical calculations,theresultswere
found in agreement with a small percentage error = 8.26%.
Based on the stress concentration area, the shape
modifications were introduced in order to increase strength
of the hook
DaryoushSafarzadehet al(2011),thispublicationanalyzes
the effect of crane hook parameters (mass & length) on the
sway of payload. An approach was proposed based on the
Lagrange equation to obtain equation of motion accounting
the entire crane motions together. Equations of motion thus
formed were easily solved by MATLAB. Both laboratory and
theoretical study was performed to validate the results.
Their major finding depicts that length of the hook has
smaller effect on the sway angles than mass.
Yogesh Tripathi Stress analysis plays a significant role in
the design of parts and structures that must carry load. In
this study, Crane hook which is one of lifting equipment,
frequently used in material handling is investigated.
Analytical (Straight beam, curved beam & Winkler-Bach
approximation), experimental (Photo-Elasticity) and
numerical (FEM) methods were used byvariousresearchers
to study stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition.
The review of earlier publications allow to conclude that
components with complex geometry as crane hooks need a
more extensive investigation since a very few articles in the
field have been published so far.
II. DESIGN CALCULATION
Curved beam theory
The flexural formula is accurate for symmetrically loaded
straight beams subjected to pure bending. It also generally
used to obtain approximate results for the design of straight
beams subjected to shear loads, when the plane of loads
contains the shear centre and is parallel to a principal axisof
the beam; the resulting errors in the computed stresses are
small enough to be negligible as long as the beam lengthis at
least five times the maximum cross-sectional dimension. In
addition, the flexure formula is reasonably accurate I the
analysis of curved beams for which the radiusofcurvatureis
more than five times the beam depth. However, for curved
beams the error in computed stress predicted by the flexure
formula increases as the ratio of the radius of curvature of
the beam to the depth of the beam decreases in magnitude.
Hence, as ratio decreases, one needs a more accurate
solution for curved beams. Timoshenko and Goodier (1970)
have presented a solution based on the theory of elasticity
for the linear elastic behaviorofcurvedbeamsofrectangular
cross sections for the loading. They used polar coordinates
and obtained relations for the radial stress circumferential
stress and the shear stress. However, most curved beams do
not have rectangular cross sections. Therefore, in the
following we present an approximate curved beam solution
that is generally applicable to all symmetrical crosssections.
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESSES IN A CURVED BEAM
The circumferential stresses distribution for the curved
beam is obtained by substituting to obtain the curved beam
formula.
RADIAL STRESSES IN CURVED BEAMS
The radial stresses stress distribution forthecurvedbeamis
obtained by substituting to obtain the curved beamformula.
III. Theory of Simple Bending
Due to bending moment, tensile stress develops in one
portion of section and compressive stress in the other
portion across the depth. In between these two portions,
there is a layer where stresses are zero. Such a layer iscalled
neutral layer. Its trace on the cross section is called neutral
axis.
Assumption
The material of the beam is perfectly homogeneous and
isotropic.
The cross section has an axis of symmetry in a plane
along the length of the beam.
The material of the beam obeys Hooke’s law.
The transverse sections which are plane beforebending
remain plane after bending also.
Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract,
independent of the layer above or below it.
Young’s modulus is same in tension & compression.
Consider a portion of beam between sections AB and CD as
shown in the figure.
Let e1f1 be the neutral axis and g1h1 an element at a distance
y from neutral axis. Figure shows the same portion after
bending. Let r be the radius of curvature and ѳ is the angle
subtended by a1b1 and c1d1at centre of radius of curvature.
Since it is a neutral axis, there is no change in its length (at
neutral axis stresses are zero.)
EF = E1F1 = RѲ
Fig 1 Bending stress diagram
Curved beams are the parts of machine members found in C
Clamps, crane hooks, frames of presses, riveters, punches,
shears, boring machines, planers etc. In straight beams the
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33640 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1266
neutral axis of the section coincides with its centroidal axis
and the stress distribution in the beam is linear. But in the
case of curved beams the neutral axis of is shifted towards
the centre of curvature of the beam causing a non linear
[hyperbolic] distribution of stress. The neutral axis lies
between the centroidal axis and the centre of curvature and
will always be present within the curved beams.
IV. Modal calculation
Fig 2 Modal calculation
Known data:
P= 19620N
B= 120mm
b= 50mm
d= 150mm
The calculated values are mentioned below from the known
data
d1= 64.70
d2= 85.30
R= 164.70mm
h2= 0.00825 m2
M= -5886 N-m
Bending Moment A
σbA= 7.05 M N/m2
σd= -3.48 N/m2
Bending Moment B
σbB= -0.791 M N/m2
σB = 4.271 N/m2
V. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (FEA)
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33640 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1267
VI. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
The experimental Evidence is shown below Fig 2.
Fig 2 CRANE HOOK
VII. RESULTS
The induced stresses as found fromtheWinkler-Bachtheory
for curved beams are measured with results with simulated
analysis by ANSYS software. The small percentage
inaccuracy of 12%.
Possible reasons for variant influence be due to resulting
The cross section has an axis of symmetry in a plane
along the length of the beam.
The material of the beam obeys Hooke’s law.
The transverse sections which are plane beforebending
remain plane after bending also.
The whole study is an initiative to found an ANSYS created
Finite Element technique, by confirming the results, for the
Measurement of stress with Winkler-Bachtheoryforhooked
Beams.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33640 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1268
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
The complete study is an initiative to establish a FEA
procedure, by validating the results, for the measurement of
stresses. For reducing the failures of hooks the estimation of
stresses, their magnitudes and possible locations are very
important. From the stress analysis we have observed the
cross section of maximum stress area. If the area on the
inner side of the hook at the portion ofmaxstressiswidened
then the stresses will get reduced
IX. REFERENCE
[1] S. Sahu, R. Dewangan, M.Patnaik,andN.Yadav,“Study
of Crane Hook Having Trapezoidal Section by Finite
Element Method & Design of Experiments,”p.3,2012.
[2] B. Mahesh Krishna, “OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN
PARAMETERS FOR CRANE HOOK USING TAGUCHI
METHOD,” International Journal of Inventory
Research, vol. 2, pp. 7780–7784, Dec. 2007.
[3] Y. Tripathi and U. Joshi, “Investigation Stress of A
Lifting Hook with Different Methods: A Review,” vol.
1, Jan. 2013.
[4] “Determination of Stress Distribution in Crane Hook
by Caustic | Semantic Scholar.”
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Determinat
ion-of-Stress-Distribution-in-Crane-Hook-Shaban-
Mohamed/9f62ddcf8a1299f04ab917bd7bc66faab03
932ff (accessed Oct. 12, 2020).
[5] G. N. Sahu, “Design and Stress Analysis of various
cross section of Hook,” vol. 3, no. 4, p. 3, 2013.
[6] Y. Tripathi and U. K. Joshi, “COMPARISON OF STRESS
BETWEEN WINKLER-BACH THEORY AND ANSYS
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR CRANEHOOKWITH
A TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION,” p. 6.