The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands are currently being explored for multi-Gbps wireless local area networks (WLANs). Directional antennas are required to overcome the high attenuation inherent at the mm-wave frequencies. However, directionality makes link maintenance and establishment tasks complex, especially under node mobility, as slight misalignment of antenna beams between nodes leads to link disruption. Consequently, low latency beamsteering algorithms are needed for fast link re-establishment to support seamless data provisioning. Solutions based on exhaustive sequential scanning induce high latency, thereby disrupting communication. On the other hand, existing low latency proposals typically consider only static links, depend on additional hardware, or require a priori information about the network environment. In this paper, we propose a generic, fast mm-wave beamsteering algorithm that utilizes the previous valid link information to initiate the feasible antenna sector pair search and adaptively increases the sector search space around it to re-establish a link. Additionally, we experimentally evaluate the performance of our algorithm through measurements conducted in a real indoor environment using 60 GHz packet radio transceivers. The results show that, compared to exhaustive sequential scanning, our algorithm reduces the required sector search space, and thereby the link re-establishment latency, by 89% on average compared to exhaustive sequential scanning.
Smart mm-Wave Beam Steering Algorithm for Fast Link Re-Establishment under No...Avishek Patra
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to provide multi-Gbps connectivity by exploiting a large amount of unoccupied spectrum in e.g. the unlicensed 60 GHz band. However, to overcome the high path loss inherent at these high frequencies, mm-wave networks must employ highly directional beamforming antennas, which make link establishment and maintenance much more challenging than in traditional omnidirectional networks. In particular, maintaining connectivity under node mobility necessitates frequent re-steering of the transmit and receive antenna beams to re-establish a directional mm-wave link. A simple exhaustive sequential scanning to search for new feasible antenna sector pairs may introduce excessive delay, potentially disrupting communication and lowering the QoS. In this paper, we propose a smart beam steering algorithm for fast 60 GHz link re-establishment under node mobility, which uses knowledge of previously feasible sector pairs to narrow the sector search space, thereby reducing the associated latency overhead. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm in several representative indoor scenarios, based on detailed simulations of signal propagation in a 60 GHz WLAN in WinProp with realistic building materials. We study the effect of indoor layout, antenna sector beamwidth, node mobility pattern, and device orientation awareness. Our results show that the smart beam steering algorithm achieves a 7-fold reduction of the sector search space on average, which directly translates into lower 60 GHz link re-establishment latency. Our results also show that our fast search algorithm selects the near-optimal antenna sector pair for link re-establishment.
Smart mm-Wave Beam Steering Algorithm for Fast Link Re-Establishment under No...Avishek Patra
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to provide multi-Gbps connectivity by exploiting a large amount of unoccupied spectrum in e.g. the unlicensed 60 GHz band. However, to overcome the high path loss inherent at these high frequencies, mm-wave networks must employ highly directional beamforming antennas, which make link establishment and maintenance much more challenging than in traditional omnidirectional networks. In particular, maintaining connectivity under node mobility necessitates frequent re-steering of the transmit and receive antenna beams to re-establish a directional mm-wave link. A simple exhaustive sequential scanning to search for new feasible antenna sector pairs may introduce excessive delay, potentially disrupting communication and lowering the QoS. In this paper, we propose a smart beam steering algorithm for fast 60 GHz link re-establishment under node mobility, which uses knowledge of previously feasible sector pairs to narrow the sector search space, thereby reducing the associated latency overhead. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm in several representative indoor scenarios, based on detailed simulations of signal propagation in a 60 GHz WLAN in WinProp with realistic building materials. We study the effect of indoor layout, antenna sector beamwidth, node mobility pattern, and device orientation awareness. Our results show that the smart beam steering algorithm achieves a 7-fold reduction of the sector search space on average, which directly translates into lower 60 GHz link re-establishment latency. Our results also show that our fast search algorithm selects the near-optimal antenna sector pair for link re-establishment.
TRB 2014 - Automatic Spatial-temporal Identification of Points of Interest in...Sean Barbeau
Presented at the Transportation Research Board 2014 meeting - Past research in travel surveys has shown that a GPS mobile phone-based survey is a useful tool for collecting information about individuals. While a passive travel survey collection is preferred to an active travel survey method, passive collection remains a challenge due to a lack of high accuracy algorithms to automatically identify trip starts and trip ends. This paper presents Automatic Spatial Temporal Identication of Points of Interest (ASTIPI), an unsupervised spatial temporal algorithm to identify POIs. ASTIPI utilizes the temporal and spatial properties of the dataset to obtain a high accuracy of POI identication, even on a reduced GPS dataset that uses techniques to conserve battery life on mobile devices. While reducing outliers within POIs, ASTIPI also has a linear running time and maintains the temporal orders of the location data so that arrival and departure information can be easily extracted and thus, users' trips can be quickly identied. Using real data from mobile devices,evaluations of ASTIPI and other existing algorithms are performed, showing that ASTIPI obtains the highest accuracy of POI identication with an average accuracy of 88% when performing on full datasets generated using the GPS Auto-Sleep module and an average accuracy of 59% when performing on reduced datasets generated using both the GPS Auto-Sleep module and the Critical Points algorithm.
(C) 2014 USF, Patent Pending
Presentation made by Prof. Adriano Camps (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) at ICMARS 2010 (India, 16-December-2010) on the MIRAS instrument aboard ESA's SMOS mission.
MINIATURISATION OF PATCH ANTENNA USING NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRYIAEME Publication
In the Field of low profile antennamicro strip patch antennas have attracted many researchers due to small sizeand low cost of fabrication. One of trending member of new designs is Fractalantenna. Fractal shapes are recursive/repetitive self-similar geometries, dueto this self-similarity they can provide high gain, multiband, widebandsolutions and design miniature antenna. Fractal shapes are widely used incomputing, analysis and design; recent trends suggest positive outcomes ofusing fractal shapes in electromagnetics and communication system. In thispaper Jerusalem cube fractal shape is introduced in probe fed conventionalpatch antenna for L1 band. A dual band antenna resonating at 1.41 GHz (L) and3.37 (S) GHz, band is constructed using said fractal shape.
Design and development of a novel fractal antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract An innovative concept is utilized to develop the fractal antenna by coalesce the Koch prefractal and meander line. This fractal antenna is proposed for multistandard wireless applications. The shape and dimensions of the proposed antenna are chosen to obtain the multiband behaviour as well as miniaturized structure. Initially two different fractal concepts have been chosen through previous research and merged them to obtain more than two resonant frequencies. The proposed design characterizes four bands at resonant frequencies 2.5 GHz, 6.4 GHz, 7.2 GHz and 8.15 GHz with a return loss of -12.05 dB, -16.68 dB, -14.87 dB and -26.51 dB respectively. This design also represents VSWR between the required range of 1 to 2 for the presented resonant frequencies with an appropriate value of gain in dB. The antenna is analysed with Ansoft HFSS-13.0 electromagnetic field solver. Keywords: Microstrip antennas, fractal antennas, miniaturized, multistandard, wireless applications
e2matrix is an IT company which provides us the work for different technologies such as NS-2, MATLAB, WEKA, JAVA, J2EE Solutions, .NET Solutions (Windows Forms, C#, ASP), Mobile Solutions (J2ME, Android),....
While providing writing assistance, our experts focus on the research findings, references used, related articles from the journals, including the execution of their years of expertise. How our experts are contributing the writing needs of academic students, have a glance over it which follows as:
• Abstract containing hypothesis, methods, brief summary of the findings including the conclusion
• Introduction having statement of the problem, background, rationale, purpose, methods, and limitations
• Literature review enumerating on discussion and analysis of research and purpose of the study, level of understanding over research with several in-depth reviews including the mini-reviews
• Material and methods used, precedent, and reason of using
• Results having significance to presentation of the findings with statistics, tables, and figures
• Discussion with concise restatement of research study purpose entailing with background information and the way to interpret the result
• Conclusion involving summarization of results and discussion and so on.
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09041262727
7508509709
8699486998
7508509730
e2matrix is an IT company which provides us the work for different technologies such as NS-2, MATLAB, WEKA, JAVA, J2EE Solutions, .NET Solutions (Windows Forms, C#, ASP), Mobile Solutions (J2ME, Android),....
While providing writing assistance, our experts focus on the research findings, references used, related articles from the journals, including the execution of their years of expertise. How our experts are contributing the writing needs of academic students, have a glance over it which follows as:
• Abstract containing hypothesis, methods, brief summary of the findings including the conclusion
• Introduction having statement of the problem, background, rationale, purpose, methods, and limitations
• Literature review enumerating on discussion and analysis of research and purpose of the study, level of understanding over research with several in-depth reviews including the mini-reviews
• Material and methods used, precedent, and reason of using
• Results having significance to presentation of the findings with statistics, tables, and figures
• Discussion with concise restatement of research study purpose entailing with background information and the way to interpret the result
• Conclusion involving summarization of results and discussion and so on.
This is only the highlights and the way our experts develop the write-up with attributes of critical and analytical aspects. Moreover, the developed write-up is spruced up through editing and proofreading, for which we have another bunch of experts. Your academic goal is the prime concern of our writing services and how you would stand out apart from the crowd is the focus.
Address
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Pizza, Handa City Center, Phagwara
Engage us today at our e2matrixphagwara@gmail.com
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The HPE SecureData Payments solution is intended to increase the security of card-present payments
without impacting the buyer experience. Solutions based on HPE SecureData Payments reduce
merchant risk of losing credit card data and potentially reduce the number of PCI DSS controls applicable
to the retail payment environment substantially.
HPE SecureData Payments implements encryption of sensitive credit card data in point-of-interaction
(POI) devices’ firmware, immediately on swipe, insertion, tap, or manual entry. Sensitive card information
can only be decrypted by the solution provider, typically a payment service. Even a compromise of the
point-of-sale (POS) system does not expose customers’ sensitive data.
Merchants can also realize reduction in DSS compliance scope by implementing their own HPE
SecureData Payments solution.
AUDIENCE
This assessment white paper has three target audiences:
1. First, merchants using HPE SecureData Payments to create proprietary encryption solutions for
card-present payments
2. The second is service providers, like processors, and payment services that are developing cardpresent
encryption services that utilize HPE SecureData Payments
3. The third is the QSA and internal audit community that is evaluating solutions in both merchant
and service provider environments using the HPE SecureData Payments solution
ASSESSMENT SCOPE
HPE contracted with Coalfire to provide an independent compliance impact review of the HPE
SecureData Payments solution. The intent of this assessment was to analyze the impact on PCI DSS
scope of applicable controls for merchants that implement an HPE SecureData Payments solution for
their card-present sales.
TRB 2014 - Automatic Spatial-temporal Identification of Points of Interest in...Sean Barbeau
Presented at the Transportation Research Board 2014 meeting - Past research in travel surveys has shown that a GPS mobile phone-based survey is a useful tool for collecting information about individuals. While a passive travel survey collection is preferred to an active travel survey method, passive collection remains a challenge due to a lack of high accuracy algorithms to automatically identify trip starts and trip ends. This paper presents Automatic Spatial Temporal Identication of Points of Interest (ASTIPI), an unsupervised spatial temporal algorithm to identify POIs. ASTIPI utilizes the temporal and spatial properties of the dataset to obtain a high accuracy of POI identication, even on a reduced GPS dataset that uses techniques to conserve battery life on mobile devices. While reducing outliers within POIs, ASTIPI also has a linear running time and maintains the temporal orders of the location data so that arrival and departure information can be easily extracted and thus, users' trips can be quickly identied. Using real data from mobile devices,evaluations of ASTIPI and other existing algorithms are performed, showing that ASTIPI obtains the highest accuracy of POI identication with an average accuracy of 88% when performing on full datasets generated using the GPS Auto-Sleep module and an average accuracy of 59% when performing on reduced datasets generated using both the GPS Auto-Sleep module and the Critical Points algorithm.
(C) 2014 USF, Patent Pending
Presentation made by Prof. Adriano Camps (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) at ICMARS 2010 (India, 16-December-2010) on the MIRAS instrument aboard ESA's SMOS mission.
MINIATURISATION OF PATCH ANTENNA USING NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRYIAEME Publication
In the Field of low profile antennamicro strip patch antennas have attracted many researchers due to small sizeand low cost of fabrication. One of trending member of new designs is Fractalantenna. Fractal shapes are recursive/repetitive self-similar geometries, dueto this self-similarity they can provide high gain, multiband, widebandsolutions and design miniature antenna. Fractal shapes are widely used incomputing, analysis and design; recent trends suggest positive outcomes ofusing fractal shapes in electromagnetics and communication system. In thispaper Jerusalem cube fractal shape is introduced in probe fed conventionalpatch antenna for L1 band. A dual band antenna resonating at 1.41 GHz (L) and3.37 (S) GHz, band is constructed using said fractal shape.
Design and development of a novel fractal antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract An innovative concept is utilized to develop the fractal antenna by coalesce the Koch prefractal and meander line. This fractal antenna is proposed for multistandard wireless applications. The shape and dimensions of the proposed antenna are chosen to obtain the multiband behaviour as well as miniaturized structure. Initially two different fractal concepts have been chosen through previous research and merged them to obtain more than two resonant frequencies. The proposed design characterizes four bands at resonant frequencies 2.5 GHz, 6.4 GHz, 7.2 GHz and 8.15 GHz with a return loss of -12.05 dB, -16.68 dB, -14.87 dB and -26.51 dB respectively. This design also represents VSWR between the required range of 1 to 2 for the presented resonant frequencies with an appropriate value of gain in dB. The antenna is analysed with Ansoft HFSS-13.0 electromagnetic field solver. Keywords: Microstrip antennas, fractal antennas, miniaturized, multistandard, wireless applications
e2matrix is an IT company which provides us the work for different technologies such as NS-2, MATLAB, WEKA, JAVA, J2EE Solutions, .NET Solutions (Windows Forms, C#, ASP), Mobile Solutions (J2ME, Android),....
While providing writing assistance, our experts focus on the research findings, references used, related articles from the journals, including the execution of their years of expertise. How our experts are contributing the writing needs of academic students, have a glance over it which follows as:
• Abstract containing hypothesis, methods, brief summary of the findings including the conclusion
• Introduction having statement of the problem, background, rationale, purpose, methods, and limitations
• Literature review enumerating on discussion and analysis of research and purpose of the study, level of understanding over research with several in-depth reviews including the mini-reviews
• Material and methods used, precedent, and reason of using
• Results having significance to presentation of the findings with statistics, tables, and figures
• Discussion with concise restatement of research study purpose entailing with background information and the way to interpret the result
• Conclusion involving summarization of results and discussion and so on.
This is only the highlights and the way our experts develop the write-up with attributes of critical and analytical aspects. Moreover, the developed write-up is spruced up through editing and proofreading, for which we have another bunch of experts. Your academic goal is the prime concern of our writing services and how you would stand out apart from the crowd is the focus.
Address
Opp. Phagwara Bus Stand, Above Bella
Pizza, Handa City Center, Phagwara
Engage us today at our e2matrixphagwara@gmail.com
jalandhare2matrix@gmail.com
visit our web site-www.e2matrix.com
CONTACT NUMBER --
09041262727
7508509709
8699486998
7508509730
e2matrix is an IT company which provides us the work for different technologies such as NS-2, MATLAB, WEKA, JAVA, J2EE Solutions, .NET Solutions (Windows Forms, C#, ASP), Mobile Solutions (J2ME, Android),....
While providing writing assistance, our experts focus on the research findings, references used, related articles from the journals, including the execution of their years of expertise. How our experts are contributing the writing needs of academic students, have a glance over it which follows as:
• Abstract containing hypothesis, methods, brief summary of the findings including the conclusion
• Introduction having statement of the problem, background, rationale, purpose, methods, and limitations
• Literature review enumerating on discussion and analysis of research and purpose of the study, level of understanding over research with several in-depth reviews including the mini-reviews
• Material and methods used, precedent, and reason of using
• Results having significance to presentation of the findings with statistics, tables, and figures
• Discussion with concise restatement of research study purpose entailing with background information and the way to interpret the result
• Conclusion involving summarization of results and discussion and so on.
This is only the highlights and the way our experts develop the write-up with attributes of critical and analytical aspects. Moreover, the developed write-up is spruced up through editing and proofreading, for which we have another bunch of experts. Your academic goal is the prime concern of our writing services and how you would stand out apart from the crowd is the focus.
Address
Opp. Phagwara Bus Stand, Above Bella
Pizza, Handa City Center, Phagwara
Engage us today at our e2matrixphagwara@gmail.com
jalandhare2matrix@gmail.com
visit our web site-www.e2matrix.com
CONTACT NUMBER --
09041262727
7508509709
8699486998
7508509730
The HPE SecureData Payments solution is intended to increase the security of card-present payments
without impacting the buyer experience. Solutions based on HPE SecureData Payments reduce
merchant risk of losing credit card data and potentially reduce the number of PCI DSS controls applicable
to the retail payment environment substantially.
HPE SecureData Payments implements encryption of sensitive credit card data in point-of-interaction
(POI) devices’ firmware, immediately on swipe, insertion, tap, or manual entry. Sensitive card information
can only be decrypted by the solution provider, typically a payment service. Even a compromise of the
point-of-sale (POS) system does not expose customers’ sensitive data.
Merchants can also realize reduction in DSS compliance scope by implementing their own HPE
SecureData Payments solution.
AUDIENCE
This assessment white paper has three target audiences:
1. First, merchants using HPE SecureData Payments to create proprietary encryption solutions for
card-present payments
2. The second is service providers, like processors, and payment services that are developing cardpresent
encryption services that utilize HPE SecureData Payments
3. The third is the QSA and internal audit community that is evaluating solutions in both merchant
and service provider environments using the HPE SecureData Payments solution
ASSESSMENT SCOPE
HPE contracted with Coalfire to provide an independent compliance impact review of the HPE
SecureData Payments solution. The intent of this assessment was to analyze the impact on PCI DSS
scope of applicable controls for merchants that implement an HPE SecureData Payments solution for
their card-present sales.
Recent ECB/ EBA regulations how they will impact European banks in 2016IBM Security
View on demand webinar: https://securityintelligence.com/events/recent-ecbeba-regulations-how-they-will-impact-european-banks-in-2016/
The recent European Central Bank’s (ECB) Recommendations for the Security of Internet Payments and European Banking Authority (EBA) regulations have mandated numerous requirements for European banks to enhance online fraud prevention practices. Most European banks are required to include additional capabilities in risk analysis, malware protection, and strong authentication to meet the security requirements.
Assaf Regev, Product Marketing Manager, IBM Security Trusteer, will expand on how the new regulations will impact the European financial sector and what your bank will need to do to not only comply but also to be more secure.
The key requirements for effective and sustainable online banking security as outlined by the ECB/EBA
The need for layered security – why present controls may not be enough
How IBM can help meet the ECB/EBA recommendations on time and on budget, while minimizing deployment, management and operational costs
AESA Airborne Radar Theory and Operations Technical Training Course SamplerJim Jenkins
The revolutionary active electronically scanned array (AESA) Radar provides huge gains in performance and all the front line fighters in the world from the Americans (F35, F22, F18, F15, F16) to the Europeans, Russians and Chinese already have one or soon will. This four day seminar, which took 10,000 man hours to produce, is a comprehensive treatment on the latest systems engineering technology required to design the modes for an AESA to capitalize on the systems inherent multi role, wide bandwidth, fast beam switching, and high power capabilities. Steve Jobs once said “You must provide the tools to let people become their best”, and this seminar will include two indispensable tools for the AESA engineer. 1) A newly written 400+ page electronic book with interactive calculations and simulations on the more complicated seminar subjects like STAP and Automatic Target Recognition. 2) A professionally designed spread sheet (with software) for designing, capturing and predicting the detection performance of the AESA modes including the challenging Alert-Confirm waveform.
SBE Filter Tuning 101 by Jeremy Ruck November 2015kmsavage
What everyone ought to know about Filter Tuning – Try your hand at it. The retuning process will include basic information and characteristics of filters, and the following detailed steps for returning:
• Identification of equipment and tools
• Analyzer set-up
• Pre-setting and loading settings
The step-by-step guide will ensure efficient tuning. We feel the hands-on approach is the most desirable method of explaining LPTV filter tuning technology.
Antennas Design and Packaging for Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceivers...shankar kumar
Antennas Design and Packaging for Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceivers for wireless communication.introduction of antenna design and output response of all packaging antenna.
CS Analyst™ allows you to rapidly compute voltage and current induced by energy coupled to power and signal wiring by low frequency electromagnetic fields and injected interference.
n this paper channel state information is exploited for improving system performance. The per
formance parameters of
the
Multiple Input Multiple Output system is better and are even achieved using additional RF modules that are required as multi
ple
antennas are employed. To reduce the cost associated with the multiple RF modules, antenna selection
techniques can be used to
employ a smaller number of RF modules than the number of transmit antennas. The exploiting of information for complexity red
uced
antenna selection is performed for achieving high channel capacity. Simulation r
esults show
that th
e channel capacity increases in
proportion to the number of the selected antennas
Mathematical Approach to Complexity-Reduced Antenna Selection Technique for A...Editor IJCATR
In this paper channel state information is exploited for improving system performance. The performance parameters of
the Multiple Input Multiple Output system is better and are even achieved using additional RF modules that are required as multiple
antennas are employed. To reduce the cost associated with the multiple RF modules, antenna selection techniques can be used to
employ a smaller number of RF modules than the number of transmit antennas. The exploiting of information for complexity reduced
antenna selection is performed for achieving high channel capacity. Simulation results show that the channel capacity increases in
proportion to the number of the selected antennas.
Recent developments in the field of reduced order modeling - and in particular, active subspace construction - have made it possible to efficiently approximate complex models by constructing low-order response surfaces based upon a small subspace of the original high dimensional parameter space. These methods rely upon the fact that the response tends to vary more prominently in a few dominant directions defined by linear combinations of the original inputs, allowing for a rotation of the coordinate axis and a consequent transformation of the parameters. In this talk, we discuss a gradient free active subspace algorithm that is feasible for high dimensional parameter spaces where finite-difference techniques are impractical. We illustrate an initialized gradient-free active subspace algorithm for a neutronics example implemented with SCALE6.1.
Similar to Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Fast Beamsteering Algorithm for Link Re-Establishment in mm-Wave Indoor WLANs (20)
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Fast Beamsteering Algorithm for Link Re-Establishment in mm-Wave Indoor WLANs
1. Experimental Evaluation of a
Novel Fast Beamsteering Algorithm for
Link Re-Establishment in mm-Wave Indoor WLANs
Avishek Patra, Ljiljana Simić and Marina Petrova
Institute for Networked Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
2. OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION TO MM-WAVE NETWORKS
BEAMSTEERING PROBLEM
FAST BEAMSTEERING ALGORITHM
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORKS
3. INTRODUCTION TO MM-WAVE NETWORKS
• mm-wave bands for multi-Gbps connectivity
FILLER
• Challenge: high attenuation!
FILLER
• Solution: directional antennas ⇒increase range
FILLER
• Further challenges:
1) directional link formation ⇒ only if TX & RX antennas
steered to feasible directions
2) link disruptions due to antenna misalignments, link
interruption, mobility, . . .
1
4. FILLER
• State of the Art:
exhaustive sequential scanning of Tx & Rx antenna sectors
⇒ e.g. exhaustive scanning-like algorithm in IEEE 802.11 ad
⇒ high latency, QoS degradation
FILLER
• Motivation:
low latency, fast beamsteering to re-establish links
essential for seamless connectivity and maintaining QoS
FILLER
2
CONTD.INTRODUCTION TO MM-WAVE NETWORKS
5. FILLER
• Solutions in literature:
• dependent on:
• focus only on static networks
FILLER
• Untackled problem:
• UE mobility ⇒ induces frequent link disruptions
FILLER
3
CONTD.INTRODUCTION TO MM-WAVE NETWORKS
additional hardware,
secondary link knowledge,
environmental information . . .
6. • Our work:
FILLER
• we propose a generic, fast beamsteering algorithm that:
doesn’t depend on extra hardware or information,
addresses UE mobility-induced disruption,
uses available last valid link information only!
FILLER
• performance evaluation in real indoor environment
using 60 GHz packet radio transceiver
4
CONTD.INTRODUCTION TO MM-WAVE NETWORKS
7. user
equipment
(UE)
S4
S3
S2S1
S I
S i
...
S4
S j
S2 S3
S1
...
i
j
UEΘ = 360°
J
Θ
...
AP
Pair 1 = {S , S }
3 1
AP, f UE, f
Feasible sector
Pair 2 = {S , S }
4 2
AP, f UE, f
Feasible sector
SJ
...
ΘUE
AP
AP
AP AP
AP
AP
UE
UE
UE
UE
UE
UE
access
point (AP)
user
equipment
(UE)
• if RSS > RX Sensitivity
Threshold for AP-UE sector:
FILLER
⇒ link established
FILLER
⇒ feasible sector pair
FILLER
e.g.
FILLER
• multiple feasible sector pairs
for a AP-UE location
5
BEAM STEERING PROBLEM
LOS Link NLOS Link
3 1 4 2{S ,S } & {S ,S }AP UE AP UE
8. BEAM STEERING PROBLEM
• re-establishing link ⇒ search until feasible sector pair found
FILLER
FILLER
FILLER
• for exhaustive sequential scanning
⇒ # sector pairs searched = total # sector pairs
• finds optimal sector pair . . . but high latency
• latency increases with antenna directionality increase
6
CONTD.
re-establishment
latency ∝ # of sector pairs
searched
9. FAST BEAMSTEERING ALGORITHM
• Algorithm idea: “…initiate search in vicinity of the previously
valid (i.e., before disruption) sector pair…”
FILLER
→ start search from the previous feasible sector pair
→ increase search space till new feasible sector pair found
→ AP-UE coordination? Before start, sort all sector pairs
such that sector pairs nearest to previous feasible sector
pair checked first
→ stop as soon as a new feasible sector pair found
FILLER
7
[1]
[1] – Patra et al. “Smart mm-Wave Beam Steering Algorithm for Fast Link Re-
Establishment under Node Mobility in 60 GHz Indoor WLANs”
10. 8
CONTD.
access point
(AP)
user equipment
(UE)
p1
p7p6
p5
p3
p4
p2
p8
q5
q4
q2
q7 q6
q8
q1
q3
UE mobility
causes link
disruption
p1
p8
p7p6
p5
p3
q5
q4
q2
q7 q6
q8
p4
p2
q1
q3
p1
p8
p7p6
p5
p3
q5
q4
q2
q7 q6
q8
p4
p2
q1
q3
M = [ {p0, q0},1 1 {p0, q0},2 1 {p0, q0},8 1
{p0, q0},1 2 {p0, q0},1 8 {p0, q0},3 1
{p0, q0},7 1 {p0, q0},2 2 {p0, q0},8 2
{p0, q0},2 8 {p0, q0},8 8 {p0, q0},1 3
{p0, q0}, . . .1 7
S
{p0, q0} ]5 5
Sorted
sector
pairs
Searched
sector pairs
New
feasible
sector pairs
Previous feasible AP sector
Previous feasible UE sector
Searched AP sector
Searched UE sector
Feasible AP-UE links
New feasible AP sector
New feasible UE sector
FAST BEAMSTEERING ALGORITHM
AP AP AP
UE
UE UE
Established link Link disrupted Link re-established→→
11. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
9
experimental evaluation in real indoor environment
using 60 GHz packet radio transceivers
FILLER
• UE mobility along ‘walks’
• link disruption along walks ⇒ algorithm triggered
• re-establish link using (i) previous feasible sector pair
knowledge and (ii) derived feasible sector pair information
FILLER
RSS measured for various UE locations
⇒ AP-UE feasible sector pairs determined
12. Measurement
points
60 GHz AP60 GHz UE
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
10
CONTD.
Indoor environment:
AP
T U VC
EFGH
I
J
K L M N O P
Q
R
SD
A
B
Concrete
Plasterboard
Brick
Glass
Wood
Metalized Glass
indoor environment with UE locations
(A – V) for RSS measurement
15. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
AP
C
DEFGH
I
J
OK
R
Q
P
S
T
NL
13
CONTD.
Performance evaluation:
FILLER
• UE moves along walks ⇒ link disruption
• link re-establishment using:
1. previous feasible sector pair
2. feasible sector pairs (from RSS
measurement)
• algorithm evaluated in non-real time
⇒ real-time evaluation highly time
consuming ⇒ mechanical beamsteering
AP
A
B
C
DEFGH
I
J
ONMLK
R
Q
P
S
VUT
AP
A
B
C
ONM
R
Q
P
S
VUT
Walk I
Walk II
Walk III
16. PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
• Performance metrics:
1. #. of sector pairs searched (|P|)
2. search space reduction* (in %)
3. RSS difference*
4. data rate
14
* Comparing our algorithm with exhaustive sequential scanning
Search space and
latency reduction
Re-established link
quality
17. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
UE Positions
RSS[dBm]
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
|P|
PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
Walk I
15
Receiver sensitivity threshold
|P|
RSS
|P|
RSS
exhaustive sequential
scanning
fast beamsteering
algorithm
AP
A
B
C
DEFGH
I
J
ONMLK
R
Q
P
S
VUT
Avg. # sector pairs
searched = 15.6
Avg. search space
reduction = 84%
Avg. RSS
difference = drop
by 5.8 dB
CONTD.
18. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
UE Positions
RSS[dBm]
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
|P|
AP
A
B
C
ONM
R
Q
P
S
VUT
PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
Walk II
16
CONTD.
Avg. # sector pairs
searched = 23.3
Avg. search space
reduction = 84%
Avg. RSS
difference = drop
by 6.3 dB
Receiver sensitivity threshold
|P|
RSS
|P|
RSS
exhaustive sequential
scanning
fast beamsteering
algorithm
19. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
UE Positions
RSS[dBm]
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
|P|
AP
C
DEFGH
I
J
OK
R
Q
P
S
T
NL
PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
Walk III
17
CONTD.
Avg. # sector pairs
searched = 3.9
Avg. search space
reduction = 97%
Avg. RSS
difference = drop
by 9.3 dB
Receiver sensitivity threshold
|P|
RSS
|P|
RSS
exhaustive sequential
scanning
fast beamsteering
algorithm
20. PERFORMANCE RESULTS & ANALYSIS
• Overall results:
FILLER
FILLER
• link re-establishment latency highly reduced
• re-established link not always optimal ⇒ data rate reduces
• tradeoff between re-establishment latency and link quality!
18
CONTD.
# sector pairs
searched
search space
reduction
RSS
difference
Data rate*
Average 14 89% 07 dB (less) –
Worst case 24 83% 25 dB (less) 2.1 Gbps
* Considering IEEE 802.11 ad OFDM PHY
21. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORKS
FILLER
• generic, low latency beamsteering algorithm; tackles UE
mobility issue
• experimental evaluation in indoor using 60 GHz packet radio
transceivers
• 89% (avg.) reduction in link search & re-establishment latency
• link RSS 7 dB (avg.) less than best case link RSS
⇒ worst case data rate of 2.1 Gbps
FILLER
• presently investigating trade-off between data rate drop and
link re-establishment latency
19
22. QUESTIONS?
For queries, please mail us at:
Avishek Patra avp@inets.rwth-aachen.de
Ljiljana Simić lsi@inets.rwth-aachen.de
Marina Petrova mpe@inets.rwth-aachen.de
20
Editor's Notes
- Basics of mm-wave networks.
- Do not spend much time in this.
Short but strong empahsis on how directional link establishment and beamforming is challenging.
... especially due to possibly easy link disruption chances due to, e.g. Human walking between nodes, slight chasnge of node position, etc.
Present algorithms (like in IEEE 802.11 ad) follows brute-force like mechanisms.
As expected, these mechanisms are simple but tedious and highly time consuming.
High delay in link establishment (after breakage) can degrage QoS, e.g. of video streaming.
We need smart algorithms that can swiftly determine new links and maintain good QoS.
Solutions in literature (for low latency solutions) are often ‘customized‘ and work at the cost of ceratin specfic condition fulfillment.
e.g. 1: Direction of 60 GHz node via signal reception from 2.4 GHz transmitter colocated with the 60 GHz.
e.g. 2: Pre-determination of all 60 GHz links such that when one link fails the nodes ‘know‘ which link to switch to.
No solution for link breakage due to steady UE movement, e.g. A person walking across a room with his smartphone.
We want to mainly tackle mobility induced disruption.
Also, we want a solution that doesn‘t require special a priori information.
Note that we previously had proposed a link re-establishment solution with a focus on node mobility... But the algorithm worked best with a priori information about the surrounding enviornmental layout, i.e. Building structure, etc. (in case of indoor deployment).
Back to basics! An elaboration on what is a ‘feasible sector pair´ – a sector pair or a pair of TX and RX antenna orientation for which when TX transmits signal through the feasible TX sector and the RX orients along the RX feasible sector, it receives signal from the TX AND the RSS is greater than minimum signal strength detectable by the RX.
One TX-RX pair for their respective positions can have multiple such feasible sector pairs as 60 GHz signal propagates via both LOS and NLOS (mainly reflected) paths. See figure.
Since we need a sector pair that is feasible, we need to ‘check‘ the different sector pair until we find one. Therefore, the delayin link determination is dependent on how many sector pairs we chacked that were NOT feasible till we find a feasible sector pair.
For exhaustive scanning brute force method, we check all sector pairs and don‘t stop till all possible pairs are checked and saving the feasible sector pairs found along the way. Then we chose the feasible sector pair that has highest RSS (optimal sector pair) as the feasible sector pair that re-establishes link.
This method has high latency as it checks through all sector pairs. Higher directionalty means higher no. of sector pairs means higher latency means bad network performance.
Simple concept! When link disrupts, start by checking the sector pair close to the last-valid sector pair.
For example, if a man uis walking with his phone in a room, his direction of walk doesn‘t change drastically and abruptly, but changes more gradually – this ensures that slight orientation changes from previous valid orientation would be enough to re-establish link.
Slowly the search radius is increased, in case the man has made a abrupt direction change.
Of course, this method will not be as effective, say, when the man walks round a corner to the next room. But still, it would be better to smartly check the sector pairs as in this alfgorithm, rather than checking every sector pair.
To minimize re-establishment delay, the algorithm stops as soon as a new feasible sector pair is found AND unlike exhaustive scanning, doesn‘t continue searching till the optimal sector apir is found. Advantage: Reduces latency, Disadvantage: Link not the best one possible.
Figure to explain algorithm.
1. Existing link disrupted by UE movement.
2. Before searching for new link, sort all sector pairs in order such that the nearest sector pairs (w.r.t. the last valid sector pair) are searched first, and then the search distance increases.
3. Search the sector pairs based on sorted set – this ensures UE and AP search is a coordinated manner.
4. Once a new feasible sector pair found, stop search. Search latency proportional to all the searched sector pairs (shaded in green and purple in the ‘Sorted sector pairs‘ set in the figure.
PLEASE READ ATTACHED DOCUMENT BEFORE GOING FURTHER!
Instead of simulation, we do experiment as is provides more accurate performance analysis.
We make the UE node move along walks in indoor rooms (with AP fixed) and as the links are disrupted along the walks, the algorithm determines the new feasible sector pair for the UE at its new position.
To help us evaluate algorithm is a simple and practical manner, we do not actually program the algorithm in the AP and the UE nodes with the algorithm, but actually use the nodes to just measure the UE RSS for 60 GHz transmission from AP at different points along the chosen walks – the reason is explained in the Word document.
Just a brief summary on the process – steps elaborated in further.
Indoor measurement environment. Red points where RSS of UE measured – for every AP and UE sector (i.e. 360° turntable movement for both nodes).
Actual materials of the indoor layout shown in legend.
Technical details of the 60 GHz transceiver. Transceiver chain: GNU Radio <-> USRP <-> SiversIMA.
TX side: GNU Radio generates baseband IQ sample of 500 byte packets -> USRP upconverts baseband signal to IF (1.5 GHz) signal -> SiversIMA upconverts to RF (60 GHz) signal and transmits.
RX side: SiversIMA receives RF (60 GHz) signal and downconverts to IF -> USRP downconverts IF (1.5 GHz) signal to baseband signal -> GNU Radio receives baseband IQ sample of 500 byte packets.
- Feasible sector pairs at all UE points for RSS measurements. Remind audience that this information does not influence the algorithm itself but is used for non-real time processing.
The evaluation methodology in details – as explained in attached Word document.
Notice that the walks chosen are composed of the UE points for which we did our RSS measurements.
- Metrics to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm.
- (Self explainatory).
- (Self explainatory).
- (Self explainatory).
Since the algorithm stops as soon as a new feasible sector pair is found (and doesn‘t bother to look if more feasible sector pairs exist) to reduce latency, the chosen feasible sector pair MAY NOT always be the optimal one – as is always chosen by exhaustive scanning.
So, while we reduce latency, the overall data rate may also drop. But still even in the worst case, the data rate drop is not too bad (remains in Gbps range).