Abstract India’s building energy consumption is increasing continuously. The subcontinent does not have custom made thermal comfort standards. We conducted thermal comfort field study in meeting hall, Madurai, tamilnadu, india. Experimental study of thermal comfort was conducted in three levels of load conditions and three levels of air flow in meeting hall during summer 2014. The above three level of load condition and air flow measurements values observed by using direct reading instruments. Thermal comfort indices were also calculated and compare to the natural ventilated meeting hall and outdoor environment. This study aims to evaluate the indoor comfort quality of the meeting hall. This paper is focused on improving the indoor air quality by controlling the vital parameters like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, room temperature, relative velocity and relative humidity which were used as indicators for indoor air quality and comfort levels. The investigated meeting hall building is located in India, tamilnadu, Madurai and the volume of the building is about 10.60m (length) × 9.14m (width) × 3m (height). This paper provides the detailed specifications to improve the thermal comfort in the air conditioned living atmosphere and ensure safety and healthy living environment. This paper contained Experimental analysis and Calculation of thermal comfort index. Keywords: Meeting hall, Indoor Air Quality, various loads, various air flow rates, thermal comfort index.
Personal air-conditioning system using evapolar as heat waste managementjournalBEEI
Air-conditioning system that uses compressor-based initiate more energy and affects bill rate. As a result, an application of the Peltier impact module, a portable air-conditioning system is introduced to compensate user convenience by lowering sensible and latent heat inside the office area. Thermoelectric Peltier module is a thermoelectric semiconductor that offers cooling and hot plate once the plate is supplied by electric. The result reduces the cost, power consumption, and give thermal comfort in a dedicated space. The advantage of the study is the ability to cost deduction due to low power consumption and green technology devices factor because without refrigerant that harms the environment. Redesign the product with Evapolar as heat waste management affect the performance and need to be validated. The development stage of this product is better compared to a previous product which offers small scale, light, and portable. This product focuses on the office room, which gives a good feeling to users. This product uses air to remove the heat waste and the result indicates Evapolar is fit enough in dissipating heat. Finally, the performance of this system developed demonstrated that it can attain thermal comfort level.
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment for Companies to Understand the current indoor air quality problems in the industry.
This will help us to:
Taking necessary action to reduce poor indoor air quality
Planning for the future to reduce indoor air pollution
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan and Exhaust Fan Being ...ijtsrd
Now a days with the changing of climatic condition and rise of temperature globally becoming a challenging phase to human survival and achieving an human comfort at lesser cost is also challenging where world are facing energy crisis also. Comfort related to making up of room air which includes treatment of air temperature by mixing it, humidity and air velocity. Installation of air conditioning or use of such devices are costlier and not possible to have everyone while other devices like fans and exhaust fan are sufficient to make up room air by analyzing thermal study and flow pattern of inlet and outgoing air at cheaper cost. In this work already exiting designed room space is analyzing by considering variables like room size, air flow pattern, wind velocity, room heat load of electric equipment, Almeria and stationary item are included. In this work analysis is done to evaluate the heat transfer co efficient of room air and target is to achieve human comfort by proper selection of ventilated air location and air flow direction. With the development of Numerical simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD technique it is possible to investigate thermal comfort and indoor air quality for room space using Ansys for Fluid Fluent. Since the CFD used approximations, it was necessary to validate the CFD program before it was used as a tool of study. Actually this is a case study of HOD cabin during electric load Energy Audit evaluation of entire academic infrastructure at NRI college and intention was to make the entire mechanical engineering department floor comfort space at cheaper cost. It is also a part to validate the urgent requirement of A C to our institutional management to provide given quotation based on evaluated data. Jitendra Kumar | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan & Exhaust Fan Being Used" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43649.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43649/a-review-of-case-study-of-room-comfort-analysis-if-fan-and-exhaust-fan-being-used/jitendra-kumar
Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobileijtsrd
Air conditioning has great importance in many areas of life. Especially it is crucial in transportation sector. Many people spend long time in an automotive cabin during business, travel, shopping, etc., every day. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of a bus shell by considering identifying practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of air conditioning on bus, consumption and, therefore, on air pollution. The analysis is carried considering several parameters, including passenger capacity, local climatic conditions, fuel consumptions, and latitude and longitude of starting destination of the places. For the analysis, a bus with passenger capacity of 60 people is selected and then its heat load capacity will be determined by considering different conditions like seasons and various loads. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system to be analyzed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor will be analyzed. The entire model, its analysis and results are discussed in the below work. Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy | P. Akhil | N. Raju | K. Vishnu | N. Ashok ""Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobile"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23357.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23357/analysis-of-air-conditioning-system-used-in-automobile/dr-s-sreenatha-reddy
Personal air-conditioning system using evapolar as heat waste managementjournalBEEI
Air-conditioning system that uses compressor-based initiate more energy and affects bill rate. As a result, an application of the Peltier impact module, a portable air-conditioning system is introduced to compensate user convenience by lowering sensible and latent heat inside the office area. Thermoelectric Peltier module is a thermoelectric semiconductor that offers cooling and hot plate once the plate is supplied by electric. The result reduces the cost, power consumption, and give thermal comfort in a dedicated space. The advantage of the study is the ability to cost deduction due to low power consumption and green technology devices factor because without refrigerant that harms the environment. Redesign the product with Evapolar as heat waste management affect the performance and need to be validated. The development stage of this product is better compared to a previous product which offers small scale, light, and portable. This product focuses on the office room, which gives a good feeling to users. This product uses air to remove the heat waste and the result indicates Evapolar is fit enough in dissipating heat. Finally, the performance of this system developed demonstrated that it can attain thermal comfort level.
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment for Companies to Understand the current indoor air quality problems in the industry.
This will help us to:
Taking necessary action to reduce poor indoor air quality
Planning for the future to reduce indoor air pollution
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan and Exhaust Fan Being ...ijtsrd
Now a days with the changing of climatic condition and rise of temperature globally becoming a challenging phase to human survival and achieving an human comfort at lesser cost is also challenging where world are facing energy crisis also. Comfort related to making up of room air which includes treatment of air temperature by mixing it, humidity and air velocity. Installation of air conditioning or use of such devices are costlier and not possible to have everyone while other devices like fans and exhaust fan are sufficient to make up room air by analyzing thermal study and flow pattern of inlet and outgoing air at cheaper cost. In this work already exiting designed room space is analyzing by considering variables like room size, air flow pattern, wind velocity, room heat load of electric equipment, Almeria and stationary item are included. In this work analysis is done to evaluate the heat transfer co efficient of room air and target is to achieve human comfort by proper selection of ventilated air location and air flow direction. With the development of Numerical simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD technique it is possible to investigate thermal comfort and indoor air quality for room space using Ansys for Fluid Fluent. Since the CFD used approximations, it was necessary to validate the CFD program before it was used as a tool of study. Actually this is a case study of HOD cabin during electric load Energy Audit evaluation of entire academic infrastructure at NRI college and intention was to make the entire mechanical engineering department floor comfort space at cheaper cost. It is also a part to validate the urgent requirement of A C to our institutional management to provide given quotation based on evaluated data. Jitendra Kumar | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan & Exhaust Fan Being Used" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43649.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43649/a-review-of-case-study-of-room-comfort-analysis-if-fan-and-exhaust-fan-being-used/jitendra-kumar
Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobileijtsrd
Air conditioning has great importance in many areas of life. Especially it is crucial in transportation sector. Many people spend long time in an automotive cabin during business, travel, shopping, etc., every day. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of a bus shell by considering identifying practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of air conditioning on bus, consumption and, therefore, on air pollution. The analysis is carried considering several parameters, including passenger capacity, local climatic conditions, fuel consumptions, and latitude and longitude of starting destination of the places. For the analysis, a bus with passenger capacity of 60 people is selected and then its heat load capacity will be determined by considering different conditions like seasons and various loads. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system to be analyzed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor will be analyzed. The entire model, its analysis and results are discussed in the below work. Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy | P. Akhil | N. Raju | K. Vishnu | N. Ashok ""Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobile"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23357.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23357/analysis-of-air-conditioning-system-used-in-automobile/dr-s-sreenatha-reddy
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOW IN A CPU CABINET WITH MOTHERBOARD AND HARD DISK ...IAEME Publication
The present work investigates the numerical simulation of thermal analysis of mixed convection air flow in a CPU Cabinet. The simulation is focused on the non-uniformly heated mother board temperature distribution. In the
present work three cases have been studied, 1) Placing the CPU in vertical position, 2) Placing the CPU in horizontal
position and 3) Providing exhaust fan on top. The work also includes studies of effectiveness of different inlets provided.
The temperature distribution of the components and streamlines were investigated in order to get a clear picture of which case is more effective for cooling of the mother board
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroomijtsrd
We have focused on the design and modifications of air cooling duct system using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD considering all air flow patterns affecting the system efficiency. Necessary tools and methods are applied for efficient designing. The different load conditions and the layout of the duct system need to be very accurate because if any deviation will result to problems like uneven cooling, frictional losses, increased noise and vibrations and also more power consumption. The above problems highlight the importance for optimizing the duct design to obtain desired flow conditions. Our work involves use of theoretical and software tools to get a detailed comparative analysis of the costs and benefits involved in selecting a particular shape rectangular or circular for the duct according to the working conditions. The focus of this paper rests on using psychrometry chart to calculate the cooling load and other parameters. Gaurav Srivastava | Aman Kumar | Dipti Chandel | Harsh Dabas | Ashish Mishra | Saurabh ""CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroom"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23824.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23824/cfd-simulation-of-air-conditioning-system-of-the-classroom/gaurav-srivastava
Exergy analysis of inlet water temperature of condenserIJERA Editor
The most of the power plant designed by energetic performance criteria based on first law of thermodynamics. According to First law of thermodynamics energy analysis cannot be justified the losses of energy.The method of exergy analysis is well suited to describe true magnitude of waste and loss to be determined. Such information can be used in the design of new energy efficient system and increasing the efficiency of existing systems.In the present study exergy analysis of the shell and tube condenser is carried out. As the condenser is one of the major components of the power plant, so it is necessary to operate the condenser efficiently under the various operating condition to increase the overall efficiency of the power plant. In the present study inlet temperature of the condenser is optimized using the exergy method. The main aim of paper is to be find out causes of energy destruction that can be helpful to redesign the system and to increase the efficiency
Technical details of Energy Efficient HVAC Systemjayeshmahajan24
PowerPoint Presentation Of project:-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFU-OVw4YNc
In this Handout, you will get all the technical details of all parts of HVAC and its calculations.
Technical Paper of this project:-
https://www.slideshare.net/jayeshmahajan24/technical-paper-of-hvac-for-commercial-building?qid=f74b02bf-3b80-4731-9c08-091d198a386c&v=&b=&from_search=7
Experimental investigation of flow condensation in 'v' shaped minichanneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development and performance evaluation of localization algorithm for variety ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless sensor networks have emerged from military needs and found its way into civil applications. Today wireless sensor networks have become a key technology for different kinds of smart environments. Sensor node localization which is determining where a given sensor node is physically or relatively located is extremely crucial for most of the applications in wireless sensor networks. The procedure through which the sensor nodes obtain their positions is called localization. Many localization algorithms have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. In this article, we describe our newly developed localization algorithm and performance evaluation of this localization algorithm with square, ‘C’ and ‘L’ shape network topology. Keywords- sensor network, localization algorithms
Determinants of global competitiveness on industrial performance an applica...eSAT Journals
Abstract Target market criteria are very important concept to attract the customers and to enhance sales of products produced by the organizations. In the globalization era there is no cross boarder barrier for business and there is highly competitiveness to survive. Quality and prompt services are both equally important. The case study was carried out in the industrial estate in Anand district of Gujarat, India. Data was collected through a five point s Likert type summated rating scales of structured questionnaires from strongly disagree to strongly agree were adopted to identify underlying indicators. There are no compressive and empirical researches in the estate especially on the industrial performance and hence industrial productivity. Sophisticated statistical model as “Exploratory Factor Analysis” (EFA) has been used. The results show four factors extract from the analysis that together accounted 75.352 % of the total variance. Key words: Competitiveness, Exploratory, Globalization, Organization, Questionnaire, Statistical.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOW IN A CPU CABINET WITH MOTHERBOARD AND HARD DISK ...IAEME Publication
The present work investigates the numerical simulation of thermal analysis of mixed convection air flow in a CPU Cabinet. The simulation is focused on the non-uniformly heated mother board temperature distribution. In the
present work three cases have been studied, 1) Placing the CPU in vertical position, 2) Placing the CPU in horizontal
position and 3) Providing exhaust fan on top. The work also includes studies of effectiveness of different inlets provided.
The temperature distribution of the components and streamlines were investigated in order to get a clear picture of which case is more effective for cooling of the mother board
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroomijtsrd
We have focused on the design and modifications of air cooling duct system using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD considering all air flow patterns affecting the system efficiency. Necessary tools and methods are applied for efficient designing. The different load conditions and the layout of the duct system need to be very accurate because if any deviation will result to problems like uneven cooling, frictional losses, increased noise and vibrations and also more power consumption. The above problems highlight the importance for optimizing the duct design to obtain desired flow conditions. Our work involves use of theoretical and software tools to get a detailed comparative analysis of the costs and benefits involved in selecting a particular shape rectangular or circular for the duct according to the working conditions. The focus of this paper rests on using psychrometry chart to calculate the cooling load and other parameters. Gaurav Srivastava | Aman Kumar | Dipti Chandel | Harsh Dabas | Ashish Mishra | Saurabh ""CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroom"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23824.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23824/cfd-simulation-of-air-conditioning-system-of-the-classroom/gaurav-srivastava
Exergy analysis of inlet water temperature of condenserIJERA Editor
The most of the power plant designed by energetic performance criteria based on first law of thermodynamics. According to First law of thermodynamics energy analysis cannot be justified the losses of energy.The method of exergy analysis is well suited to describe true magnitude of waste and loss to be determined. Such information can be used in the design of new energy efficient system and increasing the efficiency of existing systems.In the present study exergy analysis of the shell and tube condenser is carried out. As the condenser is one of the major components of the power plant, so it is necessary to operate the condenser efficiently under the various operating condition to increase the overall efficiency of the power plant. In the present study inlet temperature of the condenser is optimized using the exergy method. The main aim of paper is to be find out causes of energy destruction that can be helpful to redesign the system and to increase the efficiency
Technical details of Energy Efficient HVAC Systemjayeshmahajan24
PowerPoint Presentation Of project:-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFU-OVw4YNc
In this Handout, you will get all the technical details of all parts of HVAC and its calculations.
Technical Paper of this project:-
https://www.slideshare.net/jayeshmahajan24/technical-paper-of-hvac-for-commercial-building?qid=f74b02bf-3b80-4731-9c08-091d198a386c&v=&b=&from_search=7
Experimental investigation of flow condensation in 'v' shaped minichanneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development and performance evaluation of localization algorithm for variety ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless sensor networks have emerged from military needs and found its way into civil applications. Today wireless sensor networks have become a key technology for different kinds of smart environments. Sensor node localization which is determining where a given sensor node is physically or relatively located is extremely crucial for most of the applications in wireless sensor networks. The procedure through which the sensor nodes obtain their positions is called localization. Many localization algorithms have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. In this article, we describe our newly developed localization algorithm and performance evaluation of this localization algorithm with square, ‘C’ and ‘L’ shape network topology. Keywords- sensor network, localization algorithms
Determinants of global competitiveness on industrial performance an applica...eSAT Journals
Abstract Target market criteria are very important concept to attract the customers and to enhance sales of products produced by the organizations. In the globalization era there is no cross boarder barrier for business and there is highly competitiveness to survive. Quality and prompt services are both equally important. The case study was carried out in the industrial estate in Anand district of Gujarat, India. Data was collected through a five point s Likert type summated rating scales of structured questionnaires from strongly disagree to strongly agree were adopted to identify underlying indicators. There are no compressive and empirical researches in the estate especially on the industrial performance and hence industrial productivity. Sophisticated statistical model as “Exploratory Factor Analysis” (EFA) has been used. The results show four factors extract from the analysis that together accounted 75.352 % of the total variance. Key words: Competitiveness, Exploratory, Globalization, Organization, Questionnaire, Statistical.
Structural analysis of steering yoke of an automobile for withstanding torsio...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The steering columns in a steering system are one of the main devices of an automobile. It is a very important part to attain stability and
steady movement of the vehicle. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a cross-shaped intermediate member i.e.
spider. Motion transmission system of vehicles consist several components which sometimes encounter unfortunate failures. Some
common reasons for the failures may be manufacturing and design faults, maintenance faults, raw material faults, material processing
faults as well as the user originated faults. In this paper finite element analysis of the component is carried out to find the stress and
displacement of the final product. For modeling of the component, CATIA V5 R17 software is used. Preprocessing work like meshing
and analysis work is carried out in HYPERWORKS software. Using FEA analysis, we can identify the nature and characteristics of
stresses acting on the yoke and also evaluate the influence of the loads/ mass/ geometry/ boundary conditions over the yoke.
Keywords: Steering Yoke, Structural analysis, FEA, CATIA V5, Hyper works
Thermal performance & fire resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete expo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is also being produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points needs to know is humidity intrusion effects on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels of Mediterranean climates which are important in durability and insulation properties of AAC. Therefore, some tests on mechanical and physical properties of ACC concrete carried out. These include thermal insulation and fire resistance tests under different level of humidity ACC blocks. According to the test results; increasing in humidity condition inside the chamber during heating procedure under steady state condition, caused increasing in average temperature change on outside surface of AAC wall. AAC losses its mass and mechanical properties subjected to the high elevated temperature above 500°C. Keywords: Thermal performance, AAC, fire resistance test, humidity
Effect of naoh mercerisation on the cross linking of conventional and compact...eSAT Journals
Abstract An investigation of the effect of resin finishing on the properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn is reported. It is shown that compact yarns suffer greater weight losses than those of conventional yarns following cross linking treatment. Bending rigidity shows an increase with the concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to cross linking in both conventional and compact yarns. The yarn structure also plays an important role in resin finishing.
Smart phone based robotic control for surveillance applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract The robotics and automation industry which is ruled the sectors from manufacturing to household entertainments. It is widely used because of its simplicity and ability to modify to meet changes of needs. The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle using android application for remote operation attached with wireless camera for monitoring purpose. The robot along with camera can wirelessly transmit real time video with night vision capabilities. This is kind of robot can be helpful for spying purpose in war fields. Keywords: Android, Robot, Bluetooth, Robotic control
A review on fake biometric detection system for various applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Now a days Security is a major concern for Scenario. So many securities are available but it should be reliable. A biometric system is a computer system which is related to the human characteristic. It is mainly used in identification and access control on their behavioral and physiological category. For example signature, voice, retina, key stroke, face, iris and fingerprint etc. This paper introduces a software base multi attack protection method which is based on various biometric modalities such as iris, face, signature and hand palm image.. This Hand palm technique is used for physical access. The real and fake images are identified by using image quality assessment (IQA) technique. Fake identities always have some different feature than original such as sharpness, different color, information quality etc. In this paper, liveness detection method is used. Which provide a very good performance and low degree of complexity. Also quality of Image is using two methods Full- Reference (FR) and No-Reference (NR). This image quality assessment (IQA) method is suitable for real time application which has been used for very low complexity. Keyword: Statistical Feature Extraction Biometric, Attack, Image Quality Assessment, Full-reference IQA, NO-Reference IQA,.
Mechatronics engineering education in republic of benineSAT Journals
Abstract From the traditional Mechanical engineering through Electro-mechanic to Mechatronics Engineering the main difference between them is that the last one embedded the first two at the beginning of the integrated conceptual design in the synergistic combination. This technology is based on motion control using actuators and sensors whose production has increased recently with the development of microprocessors. Even though nowadays the Mechatronics products are used worldwide, the needs and the scope of Mechatronics products vary from one country to another one. The fields of research and applied sciences for Mechatronics applications of industrialized country are different from developing country such as Republic of Benin. Since agriculture, farm work, animal breeding, livestock and fishery are among the vital sector and the potential economic power of Republic of Benin; in this paper we will discuss the opportunities and challenges of Mechatronics Education in Republic of Benin. Therefore the research is based on innovation and creativity in a multidisciplinary design concept that is able to solve the traditional problem of the primary sector which consists of: agriculture, breeding and fishing in Republic of Benin. And thus, the traditional problem of mechanization of agriculture can be solved by the Agricultural-Mechatronization or Agrotronics. Similarly, problem solving of the breeding science passes through Mechatronics technology forward Breeding-Mechatronization or Breedtronics, and the fisheries difficulty may be overcome through this emerging engineering technology, forward Fishery-Mechatronization or Fishtronics. However, opportunities are aimed at revolutionizing the primary sector and the Educational System in Republic of Benin where some significant challenges are present. Keywords: Mechatronics, Agricultural-Mechatronization or Agrotronics, Breeding-Mechatronization or Breedtronics, Fishery-Mechatronization or Fishtronics, Educational system in Republic of Benin
The heating pattern of the microwave dehydrator for treating petroleum crude ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The effect of microwave dehydrator (modified domestic microwave oven) different types of petroleum oils were investigated in this paper, since microwave heats material selectively and volumetrically in relatively short time, and since its application in treating petroleum emulsion is tremendously recommended, thereof, it is the aim of this paper to investigate the microwave induced heating capacities of the individual components of the petroleum emulsion mixture. Three types of crude petroleum oils and water samples were put into test, from the result of this study, the temperature profile was observed to proceed as follow, at the first 20 seconds, all samples had similar temperature profiles in the range (50-60 ⁰C), however, beyond 20 seconds there was a clear distinct trend for every sample, in the interval from 20 seconds to 110 seconds, water sample had the curve with the highest temperature profile followed by UAE crude oil, then Saudi Arabia oil. Beyond 110 seconds, Kuwait crude oil had the maximum temperature profile continued sharply without reaching any plateau, followed by UAE then Saudi Arabia crude oil. The volumetric rate of heat generation also found to be in such a way that water sample had the maximum numerical value in the range (1-1.2 cal/s.cm3) at the beginning then decays as the heating time goes on, followed by that of Kuwait oil (0.8-1 cal/s.cm3), then Saudi Arabia crude oil (0.6-0.8 cal/s.cm3). Furthermore water also found to have the highest dielectric loss ranged between (7-8) and lowest wavelength in the range (1.5-2) followed by all the oil samples which had constant and identical dielectric properties in the range (0-0.5) and wavelength of 8 Cm. from the experimental results of this research, one can conclude that although both water and crude oils can interact effectively with microwave radiation yet the mechanism may not be the same since oils were shown to have very low dielectric loss. Another observation is different crude oils have different heating pattern, there this had to be into consideration when studying crude emulsion or refining. Keywords: microwave dehydrator, heating petroleum oils, dielectric of petroleum, and dielectric of water.
Virtual appliance creation and optimization in cloudeSAT Journals
Abstract The large scale IaaS systems could store virtual appliances in several repositories. The deployment time could heavily vary depending on the connection properties of the repository storing the appliance. A virtual appliance is a virtual machine image designed to run on a virtualization platform i.e. Virtual Box, Xen, VMware Workstation. Virtual appliance delivery requires the modification of the underlying IaaS systems. IaaS is the virtual delivery of computing resources in the form of hardware, networking, and storage services This concept will reduce the variance in deployment time by introducing the concept of online active repositories and appliance optimization. To provide efficient delivery time in IaaS and to increase the efficiency of IaaS (Infra structure as a service) system To calculate the delivery time when deployed it in the virtualized platform Combining the both online and manual repositories for calculating the delivery time To construct the appliance in online using various online repositories The constructed appliance is deployed in the virtualized platform (using virtual box). And the appliance is optimized for increasing the efficiency and decreasing the delivery time. The delivery time of the online appliance is compared with the appliance which has been created manually. Keywords- Cloud Computing, Virtualization, Virtual Appliance.
Internet enebled data acquisition and device controleSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents very simple and economical way to monitor and control boilers process used in chemical, pharmaceutical companies remotely with the help of internet. Microcontroller ATmega128 is used to which all sensors and devices are interfaced at its I/O pins. A Stand-Alone Ethernet Controller IC which handles most of the network protocol requirements ENC28J60 is interfaced to the microcontroller using SPI interface and acts as a communication media between microcontroller ATmega128 and remote user. The TCP/IP stack, application source code, and dynamic web page is stored in microcontroller ATmega128. Dynamic webpage is the key element which eliminates physical presence of user in the field and thus saves the labour time and money. Keywords: ATmega128, ENC28J60, TCP/IP, SPI interface, Dynamic webpage.
Integral solutions of the ternary cubic equation eSAT Journals
Abstract Urban growth has resulted in increasing demand for energy primarily in form of electricity. With depleting energy resources, growing concern for promotion of alternative energy sources urban housing is going through a transition phase. There is a greater need for promotion of on-site microgeneration systems at community level to ensure a near zero sustainable domestic sector. The paper tries to define three major concerns that need to be addressed in ensuring near zero housing communities – the first being understanding the character of existing renewable energy strategies and promoting them in the context of changing housing typologies, second, identifying the need for development of hybrid energy generation systems in conjunction with renewable energy systems to balance energy demand at times of climatic inconsistencies, the third concern being the integration of on-site microgeneration infrastructure within the context of the built environment without altering the existing character and aesthetics. Keywords: Micro generation, Near Zero Housing Communities, Hybrid Energy Systems, Housing Typologies, Integrated Development
Numerical simulation of friction stir butt welding processes for az91 magnesi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace magnesium and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. It was performed on 4 mm thickness AZ91 Magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy have more advantage than aluminum such as light weight, softer, tendency to bend easily, cost effective in terms of energy requirements so magnesium alloy has selected in this FSW technique. In friction stir welding (FSW), a momentous residual stress is present in weld due to complex nature of fixturing system compared to fusion welding. These residual stresses can affect properties of welded components during service. Therefore, for estimating magnitude of welding residual stresses and their nature of distribution along with thermal history, a three dimensional non- linear thermo-mechanical finite element (NLTMFE) model using ABAQUS/ CAE package was developed for butt welded magnesium alloy AZ91. The objective of this work is to predict the temperature distribution in both materials and evaluate the mechanical properties during the friction stir welding on magnesium alloy. Keywords: Fsw, Nltmfe, Abaqus, Cae, Az91.
Indoor air quality in the sustainability assessment through en16309Chris Hamans
INDOOR AIR QUALITY can be described and measured in indicators in specifying the buildings social performance contributing to the aspect HEALTH and COMFORT.
The presentation positions the INDOOR AIR QUALITY in the USE STAGE of the building: the indoor air quality for the building USER is of importance during during "regular" use but also during maintenance, repair and replacement activities, etc.
A check list approach allows a comprehensive assessment per information module on the basis of a building specific and use specific scenario.
Performance investigation of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with acetone as ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The closed-loop pulsating heat pipe is a type of small heat transfer device with a very high thermal conductivity. It was invented to meet the requirement for smaller heat transfer devices.The objective of this work is to study thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with acetone as working fluid. Copper has been selected as material for heat pipe due to compatibility of copper with acetone as working fluid. Filling ratio of the working fluid significantly influence on the performance closed loop pulsating heat pipe. From the past studies it was observed that filling ratio of 30-75 % provides the best result hence 60 % filling ratio has been selected for this filing ratio the thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with acetone as working fluid is investigated.
Keywords: closed loop pulsating heat pipe, condenser, evaporator, working fluid, filling ratio
Abstract This paper represents a Semantic Analyzer for checking the semantic correctness of the given input text. We describe our system as the one which analyzes the text by comparing it with the meaning of the words given in the WordNet. The Semantic Analyzer thus developed not only detects and displays semantic errors in the text but it also corrects them. Keywords: Part of Speech (POS) Tagger, Morphological Analyzer, Syntactic Analyzer, Semantic Analyzer, Natural Language (NL)
Development of electronic tongue for sorghum quality detectioneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to insufficient and improper facility of storage available in India many grains affects by quality. Quality changes over time due to many things, one of them is moisture content of the cereals. This paper presents the design of a low-cost electronic tongue system with a personal computer based decision making system. Generally, this kind of concept for food quality determination has been used since many years for liquid food samples like coke, water, tea etc. Here the noble approach is applied for solid cereal food like sorghum, wheat etc. The designed system is able to implement Voltammetry measurement with standard three electrode configuration. Gold silver platinum and copper are used as electrode. Lab-View from National Instrumentation's is used to generate and gather the signals to and from electronic tongue setup. The data obtained from the electrochemical measurement of samples made from different variety of sorghum are applied to the artificial neural network analysis. First, the network is trained for different known samples which are categorized into 3 different classes on the basis of the varieties. The network is found to able discriminate them all accordingly.. The next experiment has shown that with the e-tongue graduation of the sample based on quality of the cereal sample can be done, where the quality is affected due to the moisture. Keywords: Neural networks, Electronic tongue, Feature extraction, Cereals, Food quality etc.
Experimental and fea analysis of composite leaf spring by varying thicknesseSAT Journals
Abstract
The work is carried out on composite leaf spring of a commercial vehicle. The objective of this work is to carryout design and analysis of composite leaf spring with experimental design consideration and loading condition. The material of leaf spring is E-GFRC (Glass Fiber reinforced composite). The GFRC leaf springs are manufactured by hand lay-up method which were evaluated and study. The model of composite leaf spring is prepared and analyzed using ANSYS14.5 for the deflection and stresses under defined loading condition. The experimental and FEA result compared for validation. The dimension of conventional leaf spring is taken with varying thickness for evaluation of result and Static analysis is performed
Keywords: E-glass/epoxy composite, ANSYS14.5, Static Analysis.
Design of HVAC system for commercial buildingjayeshmahajan24
PowerPoint Presentation Of project:-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFU-OVw4YNc
Detailed info of this paper is available on:-
https://www.slideshare.net/jayeshmahajan24/technical-details-of-energy-efficient-hvac-system/edit?src=slideview
In this paper, you will get information about new innovative ideas which should be added to our building. Also, we have invented a new outside wall section that has a low U value which will reduce the heat load of our building and its chip to build.
Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart buildingIJECEIAES
The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.
Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable r...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in association to existing one to use through of the year. The system have generally desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils and cooling coil. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fixed 25 dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic simulation is being done. If rotational speed of desiccant wheel is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change own parameter to maintain the room condition .The paper also shows the variation in supply condition of air, volume of cellulose cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and wet weather conditions with respect to rotational speed of desiccant wheel (6 to 24rph).The outlet temperature of desiccant wheel increases 52.96 to 63.28°C.The efficiency of desiccant wheel increases where as saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler decreases. The volume of cooling pad decreases from 547.99 to 439.54 cm3 w.r.t. the rotational speed of desiccant wheel. The DBT and the specific humidity of supply air remain constant with the change of rotational speed of desiccant wheel. Key Words: Heating coil, Cooling coil, Desiccant Wheel, Cellulose cooling pad, Supply condition.
Australian indoor environment rating tools, and the future of building health...Michael Taranto
Presentation to AIRAH 2016 - The Future of HVAC
By Joe Scholz and Mark Graham, QED Environmental Services
Explains the link between indoor environment and productivity of office building occupants, and how this impacts tenants' bottom line.
Compares and contrasts tools for rating indoor environment: NABERS, Green Star Performance and Well Building Standard.
Air Water System Design using Revit Mep for a Residential Buildingijtsrd
In this project we discussed the study and performance of air conditioner, air refrigeration and water conditioner system in a single unit. The main objective of this project is to develop the multifunctional system which can provide refrigeration effect, cold water and air conditioning effect with in regular air or space conditioning system. Air and water systems conditioning spaces by distributing the both conditioned air and water to the terminal units installed in the spaces for which the basic plan is given by civil department and the basic design is done by using REVIT MEP software. The air and water are heated or cooled in a central mechanical equipment room. The air supplied is termed as primary air to distinguish it from the recirculated or secondary room air. By using the peak cooling load values obtained in the heating and cooling load calculations the ton of refrigeration values for individual and total area is calculated which will be helpful for selection of accurate design for the residential building. B. Shushma | M. Uday Bhaskar | N. Balaji | G. Srujan Yadav ""Air-Water System Design using Revit Mep for a Residential Building"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23314.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23314/air-water-system-design-using-revit-mep-for-a-residential-building/b-shushma
A case study on energy savings in air conditioning system by heat recovery us...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A case study on energy savings in air conditioning system by heat recovery us...eSAT Journals
Abstract In air conditioning facilities with high outside air requirements such as cleanroom air conditioning systems, considerable energy savings is possible by heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHX).The literature review indicated that the annual energy saving analysis of air conditioning system with HPHX for Indian climatic conditions has not been performed. The paper investigates the possible energy savings using HPHX for heat recovery in air conditioning system for a process air conditioning facility in Pune city, India. The impact of number of rows of HPHX and variations in the operating air conditions on the savings in cooling coil capacity is presented in this paper. The paper also reveals the comparative analysis of annual energy savings with number of rows of HPHX for Pune weather conditions. The application of heat pipe heat exchanger for energy savings in air conditioning system is strongly recommended. Index Terms: Air conditioning, Energy savings, Heat recovery, Heat pipe heat exchanger
Optimization of energy use intensity in a design build frameworkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Experimental analysis and thermal comfort index of air conditioned meeting hall
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 65
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND THERMAL COMFORT INDEX OF
AIR CONDITIONED MEETING HALL
Daniel Lawrence I1
, Jayabal S2
, Rajmohan .B3
, Thiruneelakandan G4
1
Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Office Madurai, Madurai, Tamilnadu
2
Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alagappa chettiar college of engineering and Technology,
Karaikudi, Tamilnadu
3
Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Office Madurai, Madurai, Tamilnadu
4
Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Office Madurai, Madurai, Tamilnadu
Abstract
India’s building energy consumption is increasing continuously. The subcontinent does not have custom made thermal comfort
standards. We conducted thermal comfort field study in meeting hall, Madurai, tamilnadu, india. Experimental study of thermal
comfort was conducted in three levels of load conditions and three levels of air flow in meeting hall during summer 2014. The
above three level of load condition and air flow measurements values observed by using direct reading instruments. Thermal
comfort indices were also calculated and compare to the natural ventilated meeting hall and outdoor environment. This study
aims to evaluate the indoor comfort quality of the meeting hall. This paper is focused on improving the indoor air quality by
controlling the vital parameters like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, room temperature, relative velocity and relative
humidity which were used as indicators for indoor air quality and comfort levels. The investigated meeting hall building is located
in India, tamilnadu, Madurai and the volume of the building is about 10.60m (length) × 9.14m (width) × 3m (height). This paper
provides the detailed specifications to improve the thermal comfort in the air conditioned living atmosphere and ensure safety and
healthy living environment. This paper contained Experimental analysis and Calculation of thermal comfort index.
Keywords: Meeting hall, Indoor Air Quality, various loads, various air flow rates, thermal comfort index.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The national building code of India and ASHARE standard -
55 specifies two narrow range of indoor comfort
temperatures (21°C -26°C) irrespective of building type or
location of environment. Indian heating ventilation and air
conditioning designers predominantly make use of fanger
predicted mean vote (PMV) model to design the indoor
environments.
T.T.Chowa at el. Conducted result analysis shows that, like
in many other Asian cities, the thermal sensation of the
Hong Kong people is sensitive to air temperature and speed,
but not much to humidity. With bodily air speed at 0.1 - 0.2
m/s, clothing level 0.55clo and metabolicrate1met, the
neutral temperature was found around 25.4°C for sedentary
working environment [1]. The outdoor level of carbon-
dioxide is usually 350-450 parts per million (ppm). The
carbon-dioxide level is usually greater inside a building than
outside. If the indoor carbon-dioxide level is more than 1000
ppm, when there is inadequate ventilation, there may be
health implications and the occurrence of physical
conditions such as headache, fatigue, and irritation of the
eyes and the throat [2]. Carbon-monoxide is colorless and
odourless, and is a normal constituent of exhaust gases from
incomplete combustion. CO is dangerous (more so than
CO2) because it inhibits the blood’s ability to carry oxygen
to vital organs such as the heart and brain. For office areas,
levels of carbon-monoxide are normally between 0 and 5
ppm. Concentrations greater than 5 ppm indicates the
possible presence of exhaust gases in the indoor
environment and should be investigated. According to the
ASHRAE standard, levels of carbon-monoxide inside
buildings should not exceed 9 ppm. If the CO level inside a
building is detected above 100 ppm, the building should be
evacuated until the source is identified and the situation is
corrected [2]. The ASHRAE guideline is that indoor
temperatures in the winter are maintained between 20°C to
24°C. Temperature in the summer should be maintained
between 22.8°C to 26.1°C [2]. Mohammad Taleghani at el.
Discussed the main result of the field studies, three
internationally well known thermal comfort standards:
ASHRAE55-2010, EN15251:2007 and ATG were
comprehensively presented. In each standard, database,
basic equations, upper and lower boundaries and reference
temperatures were discussed comprehensively [3]. M.
Kavgic at el. Analyzed the level of indoor air quality and
thermal comfort in a typical medium-sized mechanically
ventilated theatre, and to identify where improvements
could typically be made, a comprehensive post-occupancy
evaluation study was carried out on a theatre in Belgrade
[5].
K. Luck. Explain the main emphasis in this case is on the
well-being of humans, promoting their performance and
hence their efficiency, and on achieving high exergetic
efficiency [6].
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 66
Frauke Oldewurtel at el. Presented this paper an MPC
controller, which controls the building based on a standard
fixed occupancy schedule, is used as a benchmark. The
energy use of this benchmark is compared with three other
control strategies [8]. Pawel Wargocki at el. Presented this
paper is an overall summary of research by the authors on
how classroom conditions affect the performance of
schoolwork by children, motivated by the fact that the
thermal and air quality conditions in school classrooms are
now almost universally worse than the relevant standards
and building codes stipulate that they should be[10]. Above
papers, a meeting hall with air conditioning facility was
selected and experiments were conducted to study the
characteristics of IAQ likely carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, oxygen, room temperature, air velocity and
relative humidity which were used as indicators for IAQ and
comfort levels in this present investigation.
2. METHODOLOGY
Investigate the air conditioning systems in modern buildings
like meeting hall. The Variable parameters of air
conditioning Systems are Air Exchange rate, Air velocity,
Thermal properties of indoor Equipments and human. The
Measurable parameters of air conditioning systems are Air
flow, Relative humidity, Temperature and Concentration of
Gaseous pollutants and Oxygen. These parameters are to be
continuously monitored by an instrument and simulation by
using various ventilation systems and have to be calibrated
before Experimental measurement.
2.1 Field Study
The experiment was carried out in meeting hall in office
building. Measurement data in variable volume rate the
room should be in various climatic environments. The
measurable parameters are air flow, temperature flow, gas
flow and relative humidity was measured every 30 mints in
natural ventilation and air conditioning (4 individual duct )
was running 8 hours each case . Also outdoor climate
condition was measured every half hour once. Indoor
conditions the measurement was taken Middle of the room.
Were found regarding the current indoor environment of
indoor particulate are mentioned below table in field studies.
Table 2.1 Material Used In Indoor Environment
S No Load volume
1 Tube light 8 (40w)
5 Roofing concrete
6 Flooring Marble (Thickness 10cm)
7 Concrete Wall 4 side (Thickness 15cm)
9 Load 45 person
10 Fresh air supply 10%
2.2 Outdoor Environment
The outdoor measurements were performed in this
experiment. Morning to evening reported there thermal
comfort. The six parameters are observed in this experiment
was completed in eight days for each case two times. The
parameters describe the quality of outdoor environment.
2.3 Description of the Problem
To evaluate indoor air quality (IAQ) factors in three
level of air flow volume, three level of load and three
level of time period.
Predict the thermal comfort in meeting hall
2.4 Objective
To provide better indoor air quality (IAQ)
performance to the Occupant.
To satisfy the all level of expectation on thermal
comfort in meeting hall.
Also eliminate the negative influence upon the human
health issue and Adaptive for variable climatic
environments.
2.5 Experimental Approach
Investigate the air conditioning systems in modern building
like meeting hall.
The Variable parameters of air conditioning Systems are Air
flow rate, about Human load with respect to time period.
The Measurable parameters of air conditioning systems are
Relative velocity, Relative humidity, indoor Temperature,
Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide and Oxygen.
These parameters are continuously monitored by direct
reading instrument has to be calibrated before Experimental
measurement.
Table 2.6 ASHRAE standard parameters for indoor
environment [2]
S.
No
Parameter ASHRAE standard
1 Carbon-dioxide 0 to1000ppm
2 Carbon-monoxide 0 to9ppm
3 Temperature 20°C to 26.1°C
2.7. Instruments used for Measurements
Digital Thermo Hygrometer (Range: Temp -50°C to
+70°C, RH 10% to 99%, Accuracy: Temp ±1°C,RH
±5%)
Anemometer (Range: 0.4-45 m/sec, Accuracy:
±2%+0.1m/s)
CO Meter (Range: 0 to1000ppm, Accuracy :
±5%+2ppm)
CO2 Meter (Range: 0 to 4000ppm, Accuracy :
±40ppm)
O2 Meter (Range: 0 to 30%, Accuracy: ±1%+0.2%)
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 67
2.8. Measurement observation
Experimental Measurements are noted at three level of air
flow volume with sixty human load with furniture’s on the
one full working hours. The measurable parameters are
temperature, relative humidity, relative velocity, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen are continuously
measured eight hours time period with 30 mints interval air
conditioned environment in meeting hall. Because of urban
environment the outdoor environment measurable
parameters of the above are measured every half hour once.
All the measurable parameters are measured in indoor was
taken Middle of the room.
Experimental measurements are presented in table’s
representation of Air flow volume 1400cfm with human
load.
3. RESULT & DISCUSSION
3.1 Experimental Readings for Meeting Hall:
The experimental indoor air quality results are presented in
table. Experimental measurements are presented in table’s
representation of Air flow volume 1400cfm with human
load.
Table 3.1 Airflow volume 1400 with without loading
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdo
or
Tem
p
(°C)
RH
(%
)
CO
(pp
m)
CO2
(pp
m)
O2
(%)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 29.6 56.
0
0.0 433 19.
3
0.40
OD 33.2 50.
0
1.0 392 19.
6
1.50
9.30
ID 25.9 49.
0
0.0 436 18.
9
0.40
OD 35.5 47.
0
1.0 383 19.
4
1.70
10.0
0
ID 24.4 46.
0
0.0 427 19.
2
0.40
OD 37.0 45.
0
1.0 361 19.
4
1.20
10.3
0
ID 24.2 48.
0
0.0 439 19.
1
0.40
OD 37.5 45.
0
2.00 364 19.
5
1.20
11.0
0
ID 23.1 49.
0
0.00 452 18.
8
0.40
OD 38.0 46.
0
0.00 382 19.
5
0.70
11.3
0
ID 22.0 50.
0
0.00 443 18.
5
0.40
OD 39.0
0
44.
0
0.00 372 19.
4
1.70
12.0
0
ID 22.9
0
49.
0
0.00 429 18.
8
0.40
OD 39.5
0
36.
0
0.00 345 20.
1
0.70
12.3
0
ID 23.0
0
47.
0
0.00 440 18.
9
0.40
OD 39.5
0
37.
0
0.00 371 19.
9
0.90
1.00
ID 23.7
0
45.
0
0.00 403 19.
1
0.40
OD 40.0
0
35.
0
0.00 325 20.
5
1.70
1.30
ID 24.5
0
43.
0
0.00 429 18.
9
0.40
OD 39.5
0
35.
0
0.00 355 19.
5
0.80
2.00
ID 24.5
0
45.
0
0.00 429 19.
0
0.40
OD 39.0
0
36.
0
0.00 395 19.
7
0.40
2.30
ID 24.4
0
47.
0
0.00 419 18.
5
0.40
OD 38.0
0
36.
0
0.00 363 19.
4
0.70
3.00
ID 23.7
0
42.
0
0.00 443 18.
5
0.40
OD 38.0
0
34.
0
0.00 355 19.
5
0.80
3.30
ID 22.6
0
43.
0
0.00 447 19.
0
0.40
OD 36.5
0
37.
0
0.00 351 19.
5
0.60
4.00
ID 22.7
0
45.
0
0.00 437 18.
9
0.40
OD 35.5
0
38.
0
0.00 342 19.
6
0.40
4.30
ID 21.9
0
47.
0
0.00 447 18.
6
0.40
OD 35.0
0
38.
0
0.00 357 19.
5
0.90
5.00
ID 21.3
0
48.
0
0.00 467 18.
4
0.40
OD 34.5
0
40.
0
0.00 340 19.
6
0.60
Table 3.2 Airflow volume 2100 with without loading
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdo
or
Tem
p
(°C)
RH
(%
)
CO
(ppm)
CO2
(ppm)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/
s)
9.00
ID 29.1 57 0 483 19 0.4
OD 30.2 55 1 384 20 1.6
9.30
ID 27 48 0 479 19 0.4
OD 32.1 54 1 370 20 1.2
10.0
0
ID 25.5 47 0 488 19 0.4
OD 34.2 50 1 391 20 1.4
10.3
0
ID 21.6 45 0 503 19 0.4
OD 35.6 50 1 371 20 1.1
11.0
0
ID 20.8 48 0 504 19 0.4
OD 37.1 44 1 357 20 1.3
11.3
0
ID 19.6 45 0 507 19 0.4
OD 37.4 43 0 364 20 1
12.0
0
ID 20.5 47 0 528 19 0.4
OD 38 40 0 358 19 1.2
12.3
0
ID 20.1 48 0 501 19 0.4
OD 38.2 39 0 351 20 0.9
1.00
ID 20.9 45 0 511 19 0.4
OD 39.4 37 0 371 20 1.6
1.30
ID 19.9 45 0 514 19 0.4
OD 39 37 0 335 20 1
2.00
ID 19.5 45 0 538 19 0.4
OD 38.7 38 0 315 20 1.3
2.30
ID 18.8 46 0 549 19 0.4
OD 37.5 40 0 352 20 1.4
3.00
ID 18.7 46 0 569 19 0.4
OD 36.5 40 0 376 20 1.2
3.30
ID 18.8 49 0 561 19 0.4
OD 36.1 40 0 371 20 1.6
4.00
ID 18.6 47 0 559 19 0.4
OD 35.5 40 0 368 20 1.5
4.30
ID 18.5 47 0 566 19 0.4
OD 34.2 40 0 359 20 1.1
5.00
ID 18.5 48 0 568 19 0.4
OD 33.4 42 0 348 20 0.8
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 68
Table 3.3 Airflow volume 2700 with without loading
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 29.8 56 0 430 20 0.4
OD 30.5 55 1 381 20 1.6
9.30
ID 26.6 49 0 426 19 0.4
OD 32.3 54 1 367 20 1.9
10.0
0
ID 25.2 48 0 429 19 0.4
OD 34.2 50 1 397 20 1.3
10.3
0
ID 21.4 45 0 457 19 0.4
OD 35.2 49 1 371 20 1.3
11.0
0
ID 20.3 48 0 449 19 0.4
OD 36.5 45 0 357 20 1.1
11.3
0
ID 19.8 51 0 455 19 0.4
OD 37 43 0 364 20 0.7
12.0
0
ID 19.8 50 0 455 19 0.4
OD 37.5 41 0 367 21 1.4
12.3
0
ID 20.2 49 0 465 19 0.4
OD 37.1 40 0 353 20 0.6
1.00
ID 20.8 49 0 447 19 0.4
OD 37.9 37 0 377 20 0.8
1.30
ID 21.1 48 0 473 19 0.4
OD 38.5 40 0 389 20 1.7
2.00
ID 21.5 47 0 477 19 0.4
OD 39.3 40 0 371 20 0.9
2.30
ID 21.1 47 0 498 19 0.4
OD 38.2 42 0 383 20 0.8
3.00
ID 19.8 48 0 511 19 0.4
OD 37.3 40 0 371 20 1.2
3.30
ID 19.2 49 0 487 19 0.4
OD 36 43 0 383 20 1.1
4.00
ID 18.8 49 0 521 19 0.4
OD 35 44 0 405 20 1.6
4.30
ID 19.4 50 0 558 19 0.4
OD 34.3 44 0 402 21 2.1
5.00
ID 18.5 52 0 553 19 0.4
OD 33.8 46 0 393 20 1.9
The measured variables of without load in meeting hall are
tabulated. Readings are identified better comfort zone with
efficient energy consumption. From the above tables
without load the meeting hall obtained thermal comfort
below 1400cfm as per ASHARE standard. Without human
load the meeting hall no need to too cool.
Table 3.4 Airflow volume 1400 with partial load
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 30 56 0 429 20 0.4
OD 31.5 54 2 387 20 1.7
9.30
ID 27.2 52 0 419 19 0.4
OD 33 53 2 371 20 1.1
10.0
0
ID 26 51 0 431 19 0.4
OD 35 50 2 393 20 1.3
10.3
0
ID 24 50 0 413 19 0.4
OD 35.5 50 1 374 20 1
11.0
0
ID 24 50 0 422 19 0.4
OD 37 44 1 351 21 1.2
11.3
0
ID 23.3 52 0 411 19 0.4
OD 37.2 43 0 361 20 0.9
12.0
0
ID 23.2 46 0 431 19 0.4
OD 38 41 0 362 20 1.2
12.3
0
ID 22.7 47 0 439 19 0.4
OD 37.8 39 0 359 20 1.5
1.00
ID 23.6 46 0 441 19 0.4
OD 38 37 0 373 20 2.2
1.30
ID 22.8 44 0 407 19 0.4
OD 37.4 40 0 315 20 0.9
2.00
ID 22.1 44 0 392 19 0.4
OD 37 44 0 265 19 1.1
2.30
ID 22.4 45 0 439 19 0.4
OD 37.1 44 0 347 20 1.4
3.00
ID 21.8 47 0 437 19 0.4
OD 37 40 0 372 20 1.1
3.30
ID 22.6 45 0 443 19 0.4
OD 36.2 42 40 371 20 1.7
4.00
ID 21.9 48 0 529 19 0.4
OD 35.5 44 0 365 19 1.5
4.30
ID 22.2 49 0 563 19 0.4
OD 35.1 41 0 353 20 1.1
5.00
ID 21.6 51 0 597 19 0.4
OD 34.5 40 0 345 19 0.6
Table 3.5 Airflow volume 2100 with partial load
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 29 56 0 489 19 0.4
OD 29.8 56 0 417 20 0.9
9.30 ID 27.3 47 0 513 19 0.4
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 69
OD 30.5 52 0 409 19 0.5
10.0
0
ID 24.5 47 0 525 19 0.4
OD 31 50 0 421 20 0.7
10.3
0
ID 23.3 47 0 537 19 0.4
OD 31.1 47 0 416 20 0.8
11.0
0
ID 22.6 45 0 538 19 0.4
OD 31.3 45 0 399 19 0.5
11.3
0
ID 22.8 45 0 549 19 0.4
OD 32.7 40 0 371 20 0.8
12.0
0
ID 23.7 45 0 559 19 0.4
OD 34 38 0 359 20 0.7
12.3
0
ID 25.1 41 0 549 19 0.4
OD 36.1 38 0 372 20 1
1.00
ID 23.3 42 0 554 19 0.4
OD 38.4 36 0 362 20 0.9
1.30
ID 22.2 45 0 569 19 0.4
OD 38.5 35 0 361 20 1.1
2.00
ID 22.1 45 0 581 19 0.4
OD 39.1 32 0 355 20 0.6
2.30
ID 21.4 45 0 582 19 0.4
OD 39 32 0 347 20 0.5
3.00
ID 21 44 0 588 19 0.4
OD 37.3 38 0 367 20 0.7
3.30
ID 20.7 44 0 591 19 0.4
OD 36.1 39 0 369 20 0.8
4.00
ID 19.2 44 0 609 19 0.4
OD 35 41 0 371 20 1
4.30
ID 18.5 46 0 605 19 0.4
OD 33.9 44 0 391 19 1
5.00
ID 18.5 46 0 632 19 0.4
OD 31.2 46 0 402 19 0.6
Table 3.6 Airflow volume 2700 with partial load
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 29 57 0 442 19 0.4
OD 29.5 56 0 382 20 2.4
9.30
ID 26.9 47 0 459 19 0.4
OD 30 54 0 372 20 2.7
10.0
0
ID 25.5 47 0 464 19 0.4
OD 30.4 54 0 379 19 2.5
10.3
0
ID 23.8 47 0 459 19 0.4
OD 29.2 56 0 384 20 2.4
11.0
0
ID 22.4 48 0 445 19 0.4
OD 28.9 57 0 376 20 3.1
11.3
0
ID 22.8 47 0 459 19 0.4
OD 30.5 50 0 351 20 2.7
12.0 ID 22.1 48 0 493 19 0.4
0 OD 31 50 0 347 20 2.4
12.3
0
ID 20.8 49 0 523 19 0.4
OD 31.1 50 0 325 20 2.5
1.00
ID 19.3 49 0 534 19 0.4
OD 32 50 0 302 20 2.7
1.30
ID 18.9 48 0 517 19 0.4
OD 31.7 50 0 351 20 2.3
2.00
ID 18.4 46 0 533 19 0.4
OD 32 49 0 342 20 2.8
2.30
ID 18.8 52 0 554 19 0.4
OD 32.6 47 0 367 19 2.9
3.00
ID 18.7 45 0 606 19 0.4
OD 33.5 45 0 380 19 2.7
3.30
ID 18.5 45 0 613 19 0.4
OD 33.1 44 0 373 20 2.8
4.00
ID 18.7 45 0 577 19 0.4
OD 33 42 0 366 20 3.2
4.30
ID 18.4 47 0 617 19 0.4
OD 32.1 40 0 361 20 3.1
5.00
ID 18.3 47 0 621 19 0.4
OD 31.5 40 0 355 20 3.3
The measured variables of with partial load in meeting hall
are tabulated. Here the partial load means only consider
furniture and indoor equipments. Readings are identified
better comfort zone with efficient energy consumption.
From the above tables without load the meeting hall
obtained thermal comfort below 1400cfm as per ASHARE
standard temperature level. Without human load the meeting
hall no need to too cool.
Table 3.7 CFM: 1400 –FULL LOAD
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 29.2 56 0 417 20 0.4
OD 30.1 55 1 357 20 2.2
9.30
ID 29 52 0 1249 19 0.4
OD 31.5 54 1 379 20 2.4
10.0
0
ID 28.2 49 0 1725 19 0.4
OD 33 52 1 384 20 2.8
10.3
0
ID 28 49 0 2497 19 0.4
OD 34.5 49 1 375 20 3
11.0
0
ID 27.6 48 0 3011 19 0.4
OD 36.1 48 0 391 20 2.4
11.3
0
ID 27.3 47 0 3469 19 0.4
OD 37.3 45 0 361 20 2.2
12.0
0
ID 26.8 47 0 3664 19 0.4
OD 37.9 42 0 374 20 2.3
12.3
0
ID 27.1 46 0 3754 19 0.4
OD 38.4 40 0 359 20 2.7
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 70
1.00
ID 26.8 46 0 3939 19 0.4
OD 39.8 36 0 354 20 3.1
1.30
ID 26.5 46 0 4097 19 0.4
OD 40.4 34 0 341 20 1.9
2.00
ID 26.5 46 0 4157 19 0.4
OD 41 31 0 347 20 2.6
2.30
ID 26.4 47 0 4167 19 0.4
OD 40.1 33 0 371 20 2.8
3.00
ID 26.5 47 0 4159 19 0.4
OD 39 36 0 364 20 2.1
3.30
ID 26.2 48 0 4198 19 0.4
OD 37.4 37 0 383 20 2.3
4.00
ID 26.1 48 0 4191 19 0.4
OD 36.2 39 0 379 20 2
4.30
ID 26.2 49 0 4207 19 0.4
OD 34.3 43 0 392 20 1.8
5.00
ID 26 49 0 4209 19 0.4
OD 32.1 47 0 384 20 2
Table 3.8 CFM: 2100-FULL LOAD
Tim
e
Indoor
/
Outdoo
r
Tem
p
(°C)
R
H
(%
)
CO
(ppm
)
CO2
(ppm
)
O2
(%
)
RV
(m/s
)
9.00
ID 28.3 53 0 443 19 0.4
OD 29.5 56 1 371 20 1.8
9.30
ID 27.4 52 0 1339 19 0.4
OD 31.1 54 1 367 20 2.3
10.0
0
ID 26.5 50 0 1795 19 0.4
OD 33.4 52 1 384 20 2.5
10.3
0
ID 25.7 49 0 2361 19 0.4
OD 34.8 49 0 393 20 2.6
11.0
0
ID 25.5 49 0 2815 19 0.4
OD 35.7 46 0 368 20 1.9
11.3
0
ID 24.9 48 0 3505 19 0.4
OD 37 43 0 371 20 2.2
12.0
0
ID 25.5 48 0 3689 19 0.4
OD 37.7 42 0 353 20 2.1
12.3
0
ID 25.4 47 0 3869 19 0.4
OD 38.1 40 0 348 20 2.1
1.00
ID 25.2 45 0 4092 19 0.4
OD 38.5 36 0 361 20 1.9
1.30
ID 25.2 46 0 4227 19 0.4
OD 39.2 35 0 338 20 2.5
2.00
ID 25.2 46 0 4294 19 0.4
OD 39.5 35 0 345 20 2.4
2.30
ID 25 47 0 4318 19 0.4
OD 40 33 0 357 20 2.7
3.00
ID 24.9 47 0 4318 19 0.4
OD 39.1 35 0 367 20 2.3
3.30
ID 24.8 47 0 4339 19 0.4
OD 38.4 37 0 371 20 2.7
4.00
ID 24.7 47 0 4343 19 0.4
OD 37.1 38 0 383 20 2.4
4.30
ID 24.7 48 0 4339 19 0.4
OD 35.2 44 0 357 20 3
5.00
ID 24.5 49 0 4347 19 0.4
OD 33.1 48 0 394 20 2.8
Table 3.9 CFM: 2700-FULL LOAD
Time Indoor /
Outdoor
Temp
(°C)
RH
(%)
CO
(ppm)
CO2
(ppm)
O2
(%)
RV
(m/s)
9.00 ID 28.5 54 0 464 19 0.4
OD 30.2 55 1 392 20 1.8
9.30 ID 26.8 50 0 1287 19 0.4
OD 32.3 53 1 378 20 1.2
10.00 ID 25.9 49 0 1769 19 0.4
OD 34.7 50 1 398 20 1.6
10.30 ID 24.9 49 0 2472 19 0.4
OD 35.8 50 1 377 20 1.1
11.00 ID 24.4 50 0 2943 19 0.4
OD 37.1 44 1 362 20 1.4
11.30 ID 25 48 0 3682 19 0.4
OD 37.5 43 0 357 20 1.1
12.00 ID 24.5 47 0 3861 19 0.4
OD 38 41 0 367 20 1.4
12.30 ID 24.6 47 0 4109 19 0.4
OD 38.4 39 0 352 20 1.9
1.00 ID 25.1 47 0 4287 19 0.4
OD 39.5 37 0 381 20 2
1.30 ID 24.4 46 0 4410 19 0.4
OD 40.2 34 0 357 20 1.2
2.00 ID 24.4 46 0 4472 19 0.4
OD 40 36 0 332 20 1.3
2.30 ID 24.1 46 0 4491 19 0.4
OD 39.1 38 0 364 19 1.1
3.00 ID 24.1 46 0 4519 19 0.4
OD 38 40 0 365 20 1.7
3.30 ID 24.1 46 0 4532 19 0.4
OD 37.2 41 0 374 20 1.1
4.00 ID 24.1 47 0 4537 19 0.4
OD 35.4 43 0 359 20 1.5
4.30 ID 23.9 47 0 4547 19 0.4
OD 34.1 46 0 384 19 1.6
5.00 ID 23.9 47 0 4559 19 0.4
OD 32.9 48 0 394 20 1.2
The measured variables of with Full load in meeting hall are
tabulated. Here the full load means only consider furniture,
indoor equipments and human load. Readings are identified
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 71
better comfort zone with efficient energy consumption.
From the above tables without load the meeting hall
obtained thermal comfort below 2100 cfm as per ASHARE
standard temperature level.
Table.3.6,3.7,3.8.Corbon dioxide is constantly increased in
the room and it is minimum at morning 9.30am and
maximum at evening 5.00 pm. Recommended ASHRAE
standard Co2 value for buildings in indoor is 1000 ppm. The
Experimental result CO2 is crossing maximum value as per
ASHARE in meeting hall with occupants of 45 peoples in
1400 cfm, 2100 cfm, and 2700 cfm. Empty and Partial load
is taken because of reference purposes.
Table.3.6,3.7,3.8.When the air conditioner is switch on at
9.00 am and inner temperature of the room is decreased
slowly. In afternoon time period the 12.30 pm to 2.30 pm
the inner room temperature is slightly increase because of
outdoor temperature was increased and after 3.00 pm the
indoor air temperature is decreased. Recommended
ASHRAE standard summer temperature value for buildings
in indoor is 22.8-26.1°C [2]
in India. The experimental result
obtained as per standard in the flow of 2100cfm and
2700cfm.
Table.3.6,3.7,3.8.When the air conditioner is switch on at
9.00 am and inner Relative humidity of the room is
constantly maintain 45±5 .Recommended ASHRAE
standard Relative humidity value for buildings in indoor is
45 to 55% [2]
in India. . The experimental result obtained as
per standard in the flow of 1400cfm, 2100cfm and 2700cfm.
Carbon monoxide is not exceeding ASHRAE standard level
in indoor environment (0 to 9 ppm) (parts /million) it is 0 in
indoor all the time it should be same. Outdoor it should be
1ppm in morning peak hours in (9.00 am to 11.00 am) and
remaining time 0ppm.
O2 level in the room maintained 19±0.2.Air velocity is 0.4
m/s in middle position of the room in all the time it should
be same one.
Thermal comfort is obtained from three modes of air flow in
meeting hall for empty and partial load. But the human load
increase to 45 occupants its obtained thermal comfort in
2100cfm, and 2700cfm. But human comfort not yet obtained
in the three mode of air flow because of the obtained value
of carbon dioxide. Without fresh air supply or ventilation
the human comfort not yet obtained. From the experimental
results the 2100cfm it’s having comfort compare with
1400Cfm, 2700Cfm.
3.2 Thermal Comfort Index
According to ASHRAE-55, thermal comfort has been
defined as the condition of mind which illustrates
satisfaction with the thermal environment, and thermal
sensation is related to heat balance between the human body
and its ambient thermal condition. Depending on the heat
transfer, via heat gain or loss, the Thermoregulation system
in a human brain regulates skin temperature to maintain a
constant core body temperature of 36.5° C. meanwhile
indoor temperature 22°C to 26°C, Relative humidity 42% to
48%, Carbon monoxide 0 to 9ppm, carbon dioxide 0 to
1000ppm and Oxygen 19.0±0.2% As per ASHARE.
Thermal comfort index of the model are calculated using the
fanger model. The volume of data obtained from the
experimental value helps to find the comfort condition in
high level accuracy.
The fanger model of thermal comfort is calculated by
predicted mean vote and predicted percentage dissatisfied.
The PMV and PPD model is based on the combined
influence of relative humidity, air temperature, mean radian
t temperature, air movement to that of clothing and activity
level.
PMV=3.155(0.303e-0.114M
+0.028) L
PPD = 100 – 95 exp [–(0.03353 PMV 4 + 0.2179 PMV2)]
The experimental values are calculated to find the PPD and
the results are been plotted below, to find the comfort
condition. As per fanger model the thermal comfort index
calculated. Normally the low bound that PMV>0 was
recommended in summer and the up bound that PMV<0
was recommended in winter.
2.5 PMV-PPD model of cabin
S.N
O
AIR
FLOW
RATE
LOAD FRES
H AIR
SUPP
LY
PMV (-
3 to+3)
PPD(%)
1 1400
EMPT
Y
10 - 0.46 9.5
2 2100
EMPT
Y
10
- 1
.15
33.1
3 2700
EMPT
Y
10
- 1
.15
32.6
4 1400
P.LOA
D
10
- 0
.38
8
5 2100
P.LOA
D
10
- 1
.17
33.9
6 2700
P.LOA
D
10
- 1
.18
34.5
7 1400
F.LOA
D
10 0.73 16.2
8 2100
F.LOA
D
10 0.15 5.5
9 2700
F.LOA
D
10 0.07 5.1
4. CONCLUSION
Providing comfort environment inside the meeting hall is
very complex because of subjective nature. This
investigation presented the suitable comfort environment for
human load. The results are presented in tabulation. The
presented tabulation are expressed the temperature, relative
humidity, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide oxygen and
relative velocity about variable loads, air flow rate, and fresh
air supply. In general the value of CO2 in more compare
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 72
from indoor to outdoor because of increasing human load.
To summarize, from our experimental results 1400cfm for
without human load, 1400cfm for partial load and 2100cfm
for full load are the thermal comfort environment in meeting
hall. The result shows that parameters are clearly. The
carbon monoxide and oxygen and relative velocity are may
be same because of observed values are same in maximum
observation. But carbon dioxide temperature and relative
humidity are changed in each and every frequency of
variable climatic conditions.
As per fanger model the thermal comfort index calculated.
Normally the low bound that PMV>0 was recommended in
summer and the up bound that PMV<0 was recommended
in winter. Recommended ranges of indoor air design
parameters were determined for meeting hall was 1400cfm
air flow with 10% fresh air supplies for without load
obtained PMV value -0.46 and PPD 9.1%, 1400cfm air flow
with 10% fresh air supply for Partial loads obtained PMV
value -0.38 and PPD 8% and 2100cfm air flow with 10%
fresh air supply for full loads obtained PMV value 0.15 and
PPD 5.5% are also the comfort environment as per thermal
comfort index.
Concluding from these experimental results the quality of
indoor air parameters are observed about variable climatic
condition in normal standard fresh air supply. The
experimental results and thermal comfort index are point out
the comfort environment in cabin were both of the results
are same, so on the predicted results are provide the human
and thermal comfort with healthy environment. The results
showed the PMV and PPD values are surprisingly closed to
zero and the human and thermal comfort parameters are also
the limit of ASHARE standard in the meeting hall.
REFERENCES
[1]. T.T.Chowa, K.F.Fong, B.Givoni, ZhangLin,
A.L.S.Chan. Thermal sensation of Hong Kong people with
increased air speed, temperature and humidity in air-
conditioned environment. Elsevier - Building and
Environment (2010) Vol. 45 PP 2177 - 2183
[2]. Shubhajyoti Saha, Abhijit Guha, Subhransu Roy.
Experimental and computational investigation of indoor air
quality inside several community kitchens in a large
campus. Elsevier-Building and Environment (2012) Vol.52
PP 177-190.
[3]. Mohammad Taleghani, MartinTenpierik,
StanleyKurvers, Andyvanden Dobbelsteen. A review into
thermal comfort in buildings Elsevier – Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews (2013) Vol. 26 PP 201–215
[4]. Fabrizio Ascione, Laura Bellia, Alfonso Capozzoli. A
coupled numerical approach on museum air conditioning:
Energy and fluid-dynamic analysis. Elsevier - Applied
Energy (2013) Vol 103 PP 416–427
[5]. M. Kavgic, Mumovic, Z. Stevanovic, A. Young
.Analysis of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in a
mechanically ventilated theatre. Elsevier -Energy and
Buildings (2008) Vol.40 PP 1334–1343
[6]. K. Luck. Energy efficient building services for
tempering performance-oriented interior spaces - A
literature review. Elsevier - Journal of Cleaner Production
(2012) Vol.22 PP 1- 10
[7]. Li Lan, Li Pan, Zhiwei Lian, Hongyuan Huang,
Yanbing Lin. Experimental study on thermal comfort of
sleeping people at different air temperatures. Elsevier -
Building and Environment (2014) Vol.73 PP 24 -31
[8]. Frauke Oldewurtel, David Sturzenegger, Manfred
Morari. Importance of occupancy information for building
climate control. Elsevier-Applied Energy (2013) Vol.101 PP
521–53
[9]. Cuimin Li, Jianing Zhao. Experimental Study on Indoor
Air Temperature Distribution of Gravity Air-Conditioning
for Cooling. Elsevier - Energy Procedia (2012) Vol.17 PP
961 – 967
[10]. Pawel Wargocki, David P. Wyon. Providing better
thermal and air quality conditions in school classrooms
would be cost-effective. Elsevier - Building and
Environment (2013) Vol.59 PP 581- 589