Experiment No. (1)_ Lifting Force

1. 1
Experiment Name
Lifting Force
Experiment Date
10/10/2023
Submit Date
17/10/2023
Supervised by:
Mr. Nawrasi
Prepared by:
1- Kaiwan Badraddin HamaSalih 2- Rebin F. Hussien
Lab Report
Petroleum Engineering department-2nd
stage
Faculty Of Engineering
Koya university

2. 2
Table of Content
Subject Pages
Aim/Objective of Experiment………………......…………………………….
1
Theory/Introduction...…….........……………………………………………. 2
Methology of Tools...………......…………………………………………… 3
Procedure….…………………......…………………………………………. 4
Table of Reading.…………………...………………………………………. 5
Sample of Calculation....…………...………………………………………. 6-7
Table of Calculation ....…………...………………………………………. 8
Table of Calculation………………...………………………………………. 8
Discussion (Rebin Faisal) ………....………………………………………… 9
Discussion (Kaiwan Badraddin) ....………………………………………… 10
Conclusion………………………....………………………………………… 11
Reference………………………....………………………………………… 12

3. 3
Aim/Objective of This Experiment
Finding the lifting force on an immersion body in a liquid (water – H2O).

4. 4
Theory/Introduction
oilfield wiki (No date) When a body is immersed in a liquid, a lifting force F, acts upon it
which corresponds to the force due to weight of the displaced liquid:
FA = ρ × g × V .........................𝒆𝒒(𝟏)
V: Volume of immersed body OR Volume of displaced water
ρ: Density of liquid.
oilfield wiki (No date) The lifting force FA is always directed upwards, and thus brings about
an apparent weight loss of the immersed body:
𝐅𝐆 in H2O = 𝐅𝐆 in air − 𝐅𝐀................................... 𝒆𝒒(𝟐)

5. 5
Methology of Tools
1. Overflow vessel.
2. Sample.
3. Beaker.
4. Balancer.
5. Stand.
4
5

6. 6
Procedure of The Experiment
1. Fill the overflow vessel 1 with water until the liquid level h is precisely below the
outlet pipe.
2. Position the empty measuring cup 3 underneath the outlet pipe.
3. Weigh out the three bodies 2 made of aluminum, brass and 1- polyoxymethylene POM
using the spring balance: Force due to weight FG for each body.
4. Completely immerse the body suspended on the spring balance in h the overflow
vessel: Read off the displayed weight FG, Water Read off the overflowed water
volume V.

7. 7
Table of Reading
No.
Materials of the
body
FG in air (N) FG in water (N)
Volume
Displaced (ml
or cm3
)(Vdis)
1 Aluminum (Al) 2.3 1.47 90
2 Brass (Cu) 4.65 4.15 55
3
Polyoxymethylene
(POM)
1.24 0.37 85

8. 8
Sample of Calculation
1. For Aluminum
ρ of H2O = 1000 kg/m3
, g = 9.81 N/kg , V = 90 ml = 90 cm3
FA = ρ × g × V
FA = 1000 kg/m3 × 9.81 N/kg × 90 cm3 ×
1 𝑚3
1 × 106 𝑐𝑚3
FA = 0.8829 N
FG H2O, th. = FG in air - FA
FG H2O, th. = 2.26 N - 0.8829 N
FG H2O, th. = 1.37 N
2. For Brass
ρ of H2O = 1000 kg/m3
, g = 9.81 N/kg , V = 55 ml = 55 cm3
FA = ρ × g × V
FA = 1000 kg/m3 × 9.81 N/kg × 55 cm3 ×
FA = 0.5395 N
FG H2O, th. = FG in air - FA
FG H2O, th. = 4.65 N - 0.5395 N
FG H2O, th. = 4.11N
1 𝑚3
1 × 106 𝑐𝑚3

9. 9
3. For Polyoxymethylene
ρ of H2O = 1000 kg/m3
, g = 9.81 N/kg , V = 85 ml = 85 cm3
FA = ρ × g × V
FA = 1000 kg/m3 × 9.81 N/kg × 85 cm3 ×
FA = 0.883 N
FG H2O, th. = FG in air - FA
FG H2O, th. = 1.25 N - 0.883 N
FG H2O, th. = 0.367N
1 𝑚3
1 × 106 𝑐𝑚3

10. 10
Table of Calculation
No.
Materials of the
body
FG (N)
FG in water
(N)
FA (N)
FG water, th.
(N)
1 Aluminum (Al) 2.3 1.47 0.8829 1.37
2 Brass (Cu) 4.65 4.15 0.5395 4.11
3
Polyoxymethylene
(POM)
1.24 0.37 0.883 0.367

11. 11
Discussion (Kaiwan B. HamaSalih)
1. Discuss the difference between the values of the calculating and readings?
The difference between of them is that in reading values we take the practical weight of each
metal (elements) in air (FA) and the water (FG water) and we put the in the table of readings
to compare them with theoretical weight after calculation. About calculating it include the
theoretical of metal (element) after calculation by using equations to convert the practical
weights of metals (FA, FG water) into theoretical values.
2. Why is the weight of the body in the air greater than the weight of it in the water?
Whenever we weigh an object in air and then weigh the same object in water, we see that the
weight in air is more than the weigh in water, this is because water (fluid) applies an upward
force on the object known as upward force.
3. What is happening if the weight of the body in the water (FG water) becomes zero.
According to the Archimedes principle, if an object is immersed in a fluid, it experiences an
apparent loss of weight which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced. The buoyant force
which acts in the upward direction opposite to the weight of the object causes the apparent
loss in weight.
4. Why the theoretical weight will be differed from the practical weight?
Because of the gravity as we can see the theoretical weight is different from the practical
weight.

12. 12
Discussion (Rebin F. Hussien)
1. Discuss the difference between the values of the calculating and readings.
Table of reading show us the values that we read or record in our practical activity in
laboratory. But Table of calculation show us the theoretical values which taken from these
equations:
FA = ρ × g × V.......................Eq. (1)
FG H2O, th. = FG in air - FA..................................... Eq. (2)
2. Why is the weight of the body in the air greater than the weight of it in the water?
Because of the lifting force in water push the material away from inside liquid (water) to
outside of the liquid (water).
3. What is happening if the weight of the body in the water (FG, water) becomes zero.
It is mean that the force on the body of the material is equal to the force that push away from
the inside of the water (FG in air = FA).
4. the Vdis for brace in greater than Vdis for Aluminum and Polyoxymethylene, why?
The brace has the biggest value of FG in water So that occur the biggest of volume of water overflow
from the overflow vessel to beaker.
5. Why the boat float on water while the iron nail sinks?
Because of the type of body of the material. also, their density of both of boat and iron are
different from each other. Water’s density is more than the overall density of boat, and water
has the less density than iron. Due to this the iron nail sinks while the boat floats on the
surface.

13. 13
Conclusion:
In this experiment we have three metals (Aluminum, Brass, Polyoxymethylene). We need to
find the lifting force on an immersion body in a liquid (water). Then we will fill the vessel with
water until the water level is below outlet pipe. After that we weigh out the three metals using
spring balance, using the (Newtonian force). After taking the practical weight of each of them
in air and water for each metal, and then we use two equations to determine the theoretical
weight of metals.
FA = ρ × g × V.......................eq. (1)
FG water, th. = FG in air - FA.........................eq. (2)
And we determine the displaced volume of each metal by using vessel cup, we place this small
vessel near to the vessel and the excess water flow into this cup we can know the displaced
volume of each metal, the displaced volume of metals maybe not accurate because sometimes
before immersing the metal (element) some drop of water into the small vessel which we must
clean it or pouring it into the lager vessel. And we can clearly see that there is a difference
between the theoretical weight and the practical weight because of gravity.

14. 14
Reference:
1. oilfieldwiki (No date), Lifting force, Available at http://www.oilfieldwiki.com,
Accessed at 14/10/2023.