The document provides information on various registration formalities, licenses, and procedures required for exports and imports in India. It discusses registering for an IEC code, obtaining export licenses, selecting suitable export products and markets, export pricing considerations, terms of payment including letters of credit, and categories of restricted and prohibited imports. Key steps include registering with regulatory authorities, applying for licenses for restricted items, conducting market research to select appropriate products and destinations, and determining competitive pricing based on costs and market factors.
Industry analysis- Fundamental analysis BFSI academy
The document outlines the four stages of an industry's life cycle: pioneering, expansion, stagnation, and declining. It then provides details about each stage. The pioneering stage involves a new industry becoming established with few competitors. The expansion stage sees increased competition and innovation. The stagnation stage involves slower sales growth and emphasis on profits. Finally, the declining stage is when products are no longer popular and risks are high for investors. The document also discusses Porter's five forces model and how to analyze competitive conditions, characteristics, and market structure of an industry.
Outline:
The objective of industry analysis
From environment analysis to industry analysis
Porter’s Five Force Framework
Applying industry analysis
Industry & Market boundaries
Identifying key success factors
The document analyzes the casual dining industry. It finds the industry is currently not attractive due to rising costs and economic challenges. There are low barriers to entry for new competitors. Both suppliers and buyers have high power in the industry. Rivalry is intense as many new restaurants continually enter the market. Opportunities exist through new concepts, but threats include increasing costs and competition. The document recommends casual dining restaurants expand offerings, explore international markets, and increase take-out options.
This document discusses understanding industry dynamics and their implications for investment. It analyzes the tire industry as an example. Key points include:
1) The tire industry is in a growing stage and has a monopolistic structure, with some players having pricing power. Demand is derived from the automobile industry and is cyclical.
2) Raw material costs like nylon and rubber account for 70% of product costs and 50% of sales, making materials a key profitability driver.
3) The industry is consolidating, becoming more radialized, and facing competition from cheap refurbished tires. Export markets are expanding.
This document provides instructions for tracking tenders in OpenERP. It outlines 25 steps for creating and approving a new tender lead, including entering tender details, eligibility criteria, related costs, chronological information, delivery components, payment terms, and special terms. The last step describes generating a tender summary and compliance report. The document was created by Value Matrix in partnership with MillenniumSoft Inc to help companies track the tender process for procuring products and services.
This document discusses factors that shape a company's strategy, including analyzing the macroenvironment, industry, competitors, and internal organization. It covers analyzing political/regulatory, economic, technological, and social forces in the macroenvironment. Industry analysis examines threats of new entrants, substitutes, and bargaining power of buyers/suppliers. Competitor analysis frameworks look at goals, strategies, assumptions, and capabilities. Environmental scanning and forecasting help predict future trends.
This document provides guidance on conducting a company situation analysis to evaluate a company's strategy, resources, costs, competitive position, and strategic issues. It involves analyzing how well the current strategy is working, conducting a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, benchmarking costs against competitors, assessing competitive strength against rivals, and identifying key strategic issues. The overall aim is to determine if the company's strategy is well matched to its internal capabilities and external circumstances.
Industry analysis- Fundamental analysis BFSI academy
The document outlines the four stages of an industry's life cycle: pioneering, expansion, stagnation, and declining. It then provides details about each stage. The pioneering stage involves a new industry becoming established with few competitors. The expansion stage sees increased competition and innovation. The stagnation stage involves slower sales growth and emphasis on profits. Finally, the declining stage is when products are no longer popular and risks are high for investors. The document also discusses Porter's five forces model and how to analyze competitive conditions, characteristics, and market structure of an industry.
Outline:
The objective of industry analysis
From environment analysis to industry analysis
Porter’s Five Force Framework
Applying industry analysis
Industry & Market boundaries
Identifying key success factors
The document analyzes the casual dining industry. It finds the industry is currently not attractive due to rising costs and economic challenges. There are low barriers to entry for new competitors. Both suppliers and buyers have high power in the industry. Rivalry is intense as many new restaurants continually enter the market. Opportunities exist through new concepts, but threats include increasing costs and competition. The document recommends casual dining restaurants expand offerings, explore international markets, and increase take-out options.
This document discusses understanding industry dynamics and their implications for investment. It analyzes the tire industry as an example. Key points include:
1) The tire industry is in a growing stage and has a monopolistic structure, with some players having pricing power. Demand is derived from the automobile industry and is cyclical.
2) Raw material costs like nylon and rubber account for 70% of product costs and 50% of sales, making materials a key profitability driver.
3) The industry is consolidating, becoming more radialized, and facing competition from cheap refurbished tires. Export markets are expanding.
This document provides instructions for tracking tenders in OpenERP. It outlines 25 steps for creating and approving a new tender lead, including entering tender details, eligibility criteria, related costs, chronological information, delivery components, payment terms, and special terms. The last step describes generating a tender summary and compliance report. The document was created by Value Matrix in partnership with MillenniumSoft Inc to help companies track the tender process for procuring products and services.
This document discusses factors that shape a company's strategy, including analyzing the macroenvironment, industry, competitors, and internal organization. It covers analyzing political/regulatory, economic, technological, and social forces in the macroenvironment. Industry analysis examines threats of new entrants, substitutes, and bargaining power of buyers/suppliers. Competitor analysis frameworks look at goals, strategies, assumptions, and capabilities. Environmental scanning and forecasting help predict future trends.
This document provides guidance on conducting a company situation analysis to evaluate a company's strategy, resources, costs, competitive position, and strategic issues. It involves analyzing how well the current strategy is working, conducting a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, benchmarking costs against competitors, assessing competitive strength against rivals, and identifying key strategic issues. The overall aim is to determine if the company's strategy is well matched to its internal capabilities and external circumstances.
Tender Process | A Complete Procurement GuideTender Process
All about Tenders and its Process | Here you will get all the information regarding tenders (Procurement) like what is tender, what is its process, types of tender, how to search tenders, what to do and what not to do in tendering, how to search tenders and more.... you can check our website for more details which is : http://tenderprocess.weebly.com/
Entrepreneurship Summit IIT Kgp How To Write A Business Plan 03 11 2007Prof Parameshwar P Iyer
The document provides an overview of the key components of a business plan, including an executive summary, industry and company analysis, market research, economics of the business, marketing plan, management team, financial plan, and appendices. It emphasizes that the business plan should demonstrate an understanding of customers' needs and have integrated financial projections with clear assumptions linking different statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
The document discusses various tools and methods for analyzing industries, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative approaches include analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of an industry and its competitive landscape over the industry life cycle. Quantitative approaches include analyzing employment data, emolument (pay) data, and input-output relationships to understand industry performance and risk over time. The goal of industry analysis is to identify investment opportunities and understand how industries will perform in the future economic environment.
This document provides an overview of industry analysis. It defines industry analysis as evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of particular industries. It discusses industry life cycles, characteristics such as demand/supply gaps and cost structures. Methods of industry forecasting are also summarized, including cumulative methods like surveys and correlation/regression analysis, as well as time series analysis involving trends, cycles, seasons and erratic events. The document aims to inform investors' understanding of how industry factors influence company performance.
Yakovlev et al. presentation at ippc (aug 2014)Dr. Paul Davis
The document summarizes research on the impact of different regulatory regimes on the effectiveness of public procurement. The study used a quasi-natural experiment to compare procurement outcomes between two large universities in Russia - one that introduced more flexible procurement rules in 2011 and one that remained under the more rigid previous rules. Key findings were that the university with more flexible rules saw a decline in competition but better contract execution, in line with theoretical predictions that more flexible rules can improve outcomes despite less competition. The results were limited to two universities and future research could examine impacts on smaller organizations.
The document is an investor presentation for Burlington Stores that provides an overview of the company and its business strategies. It discusses Burlington's off-price retail model, focus on branded apparel at discounted prices, national store footprint, and customer demographics. It highlights the company's proven track record of performance and strategies to drive continued growth, such as improving buying, inventory management, and customer experience. Key opportunities for growth include increasing comparable store sales, expanding store count, and improving operating margins.
22 Barcelona KPMG Presentation Investing In India Opportunities And Challe...Prof Parameshwar P Iyer
The document discusses opportunities and challenges for doing business in India across various industry sectors. It outlines India's growing economy and sectors driving growth like IT, biotechnology, and clean energy. However, challenges include infrastructure weaknesses, a complex regulatory environment, restrictive labor laws, and cultural differences that companies must navigate. Overall, India presents opportunities for early investors if they develop long-term strategies tailored to the local business environment.
Fundamental analysis involves a top-down study of financial and economic factors to estimate a stock's intrinsic value. This includes analyzing the overall economy, industry, and company-specific factors both quantitatively and qualitatively. Some key aspects examined are macroeconomic indicators, competitive forces within an industry, the industry's life cycle stage and growth drivers, and how these may impact the target company. The goal is to predict how the stock price may change as it moves toward the estimated intrinsic value over time. However, there are big unknowns in the analysis and the intrinsic value estimate may not be accurate.
- Burlington Stores is a leading off-price retailer of branded apparel and home goods known for offering trendy merchandise at discounted prices.
- The company has refined its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, technology, and customer experience initiatives to drive comparable store sales growth.
- Burlington has a proven track record of growth and sees opportunities for continued expansion through new store openings, higher comparable store sales, and margin improvement.
Industry analysis is used to understand the competitive dynamics of an industry. It examines factors like demand, competition, and future prospects considering technology. Conducting industry analysis allows businesses to retain customers, attract new ones, ensure sustainability, align strategy, attract and retain talent, and create a holistic view of the business environment. Common tools for industry analysis include Porter's 5 Forces, PEST analysis, and SWOT analysis, which examine political, economic, social, and technological factors both internally and externally.
The document discusses concepts related to analyzing a company's external environment, including performing an external audit to identify key opportunities and threats in the general, industry, and competitive environments. It provides details on factors to consider in the economic, sociocultural, technological, legal/political, and competitive environments. Examples of tools for external analysis include the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) and Porter's Five Forces model for industry analysis.
Tender Writing – Is Price the sole consideration in the Tender Writing processRed Tape Busters
At Red Tape Busters - We have Specialized Tender Writers assisting businesses and non-profit organizations in understanding the key concept involved in tender writing. We have experience in preparing WINNING tenders, assessing tender applications, selection process and awarding contracts to successful applicants.
- Burlington Stores, Inc. is a leading off-price retailer of high-quality branded apparel in the United States.
- The presentation provides an overview of the company's business model, growth opportunities, and financial performance.
- Key points include Burlington's national store footprint, differentiated off-price business model, focus on delivering value through fashion/quality/brands/price, and track record of sales and earnings growth.
- Burlington Stores is a leading off-price retailer of branded apparel and home goods known for offering trendy merchandise at discounted prices of up to 60-70% off other retailers' prices.
- The company has refined its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, use of technology, and focus on customer experience, leading to strong sales growth and margin expansion.
- Burlington sees significant opportunities for continued growth through driving comparable store sales higher, expanding its retail store base by opening about 25 new stores per year, and expanding operating margins over the long run.
Opportunity and Threat of External EnvironmentNoonamsom
The document discusses analyzing an organization's external environment. It defines the external environment and different types of external factors that can influence an organization. These include the general environment, industry environment, and competitor environment. The document provides details on how to analyze each of these environments, including using Porter's Five Forces model to analyze the industry environment. It also discusses using SWOT analysis to understand an organization's opportunities and threats in the external environment. The overall aim is to help organizations understand external factors they don't control but must adapt to in order to survive and grow.
This three (3) day training course is structured primarily for the oil and gas industry, offshore marine, civil and heavy engineering and water and energy utilities. It is applicable to those persons who manage or lead the procurement processes & manage tender stakeholder committees associated with preparing and issuing requests for quotes, tenders or proposals and who evaluate and assess bid documentation, and negotiate with contractors.
The document outlines recommendations to improve Maybank's customer relationship management based on research findings. It recommends focusing on human capital management through staff selection, training and empowerment to improve service quality and efficiency. It also recommends enhancing consistency of tangible aspects and increasing awareness of alternative channels to boost efficiency. Retail outlet improvements like service ambassadors and beverages are suggested to elevate the customer experience. Implementing these changes could increase Maybank's net promoter score by improving customer satisfaction ratings.
Burlington Stores Presents at 16th Annual ICR XChange Conferenceinvestorsburlington
The document provides an overview of Burlington Stores, Inc. including:
- Burlington is a leading retailer of branded apparel at discounted prices, operating 521 stores across the US.
- Under new leadership since 2008, Burlington has transformed its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, and investments in people, processes and systems.
- Recent financial highlights include comparable store sales growth of 5.0% in the first nine months of fiscal year 2013, and adjusted EBITDA growth of 33.6% over the same period last year.
The document outlines criteria and approaches for finding stocks to invest in. It discusses looking for companies with economic moats, market leadership, healthy financials, rational valuation, positive earnings trends, and exposure to secular growth trends. A top-down approach is recommended starting with macroeconomic analysis, identifying global trends, analyzing industries, and picking industry leaders. Specific stock screening tools are also presented, including Bloomberg, 4-traders, finviz, Reuters, and Interactive Brokers screeners. Backtesting, identifying relative strength leaders, and using watch lists and portfolio management tools are also covered.
"Dr. T. Fikret Yücel Ödül Programı" ile özel sektör tarafından yürütülen Ar-Ge ve teknolojik yenilik faaliyetlerinin çıktılarında niteliksel ve niceliksel gelişmeleri teşvik etmek amacıyla entelektüel düzeydeki faaliyetlerin desteklenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda: Türkiye’deki “Ar-Ge Yönetimi”, “Yenileşim Yönetimi”, “Teknoloji Yönetimi” veya “Teknolojinin Ticarileştirilmesi” süreçlerinin veya ilgili politikaların geliştirilmesini veya başka bir deyişle DNA’sını güçlendirmeyi ilgilendiren alanlarda araştırma, geliştirme ve yenileşim çalışmaları gerçekleştiren, 40 Yaş altı uzman, araştırmacı ve profesyonellerin yaptıkları özgün ve kapsamlı çalışmalardan her yıl için belirlenecek bir çalışmanın TTGV tarafından ödüllendirilecektir.
Tender Process | A Complete Procurement GuideTender Process
All about Tenders and its Process | Here you will get all the information regarding tenders (Procurement) like what is tender, what is its process, types of tender, how to search tenders, what to do and what not to do in tendering, how to search tenders and more.... you can check our website for more details which is : http://tenderprocess.weebly.com/
Entrepreneurship Summit IIT Kgp How To Write A Business Plan 03 11 2007Prof Parameshwar P Iyer
The document provides an overview of the key components of a business plan, including an executive summary, industry and company analysis, market research, economics of the business, marketing plan, management team, financial plan, and appendices. It emphasizes that the business plan should demonstrate an understanding of customers' needs and have integrated financial projections with clear assumptions linking different statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
The document discusses various tools and methods for analyzing industries, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative approaches include analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of an industry and its competitive landscape over the industry life cycle. Quantitative approaches include analyzing employment data, emolument (pay) data, and input-output relationships to understand industry performance and risk over time. The goal of industry analysis is to identify investment opportunities and understand how industries will perform in the future economic environment.
This document provides an overview of industry analysis. It defines industry analysis as evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of particular industries. It discusses industry life cycles, characteristics such as demand/supply gaps and cost structures. Methods of industry forecasting are also summarized, including cumulative methods like surveys and correlation/regression analysis, as well as time series analysis involving trends, cycles, seasons and erratic events. The document aims to inform investors' understanding of how industry factors influence company performance.
Yakovlev et al. presentation at ippc (aug 2014)Dr. Paul Davis
The document summarizes research on the impact of different regulatory regimes on the effectiveness of public procurement. The study used a quasi-natural experiment to compare procurement outcomes between two large universities in Russia - one that introduced more flexible procurement rules in 2011 and one that remained under the more rigid previous rules. Key findings were that the university with more flexible rules saw a decline in competition but better contract execution, in line with theoretical predictions that more flexible rules can improve outcomes despite less competition. The results were limited to two universities and future research could examine impacts on smaller organizations.
The document is an investor presentation for Burlington Stores that provides an overview of the company and its business strategies. It discusses Burlington's off-price retail model, focus on branded apparel at discounted prices, national store footprint, and customer demographics. It highlights the company's proven track record of performance and strategies to drive continued growth, such as improving buying, inventory management, and customer experience. Key opportunities for growth include increasing comparable store sales, expanding store count, and improving operating margins.
22 Barcelona KPMG Presentation Investing In India Opportunities And Challe...Prof Parameshwar P Iyer
The document discusses opportunities and challenges for doing business in India across various industry sectors. It outlines India's growing economy and sectors driving growth like IT, biotechnology, and clean energy. However, challenges include infrastructure weaknesses, a complex regulatory environment, restrictive labor laws, and cultural differences that companies must navigate. Overall, India presents opportunities for early investors if they develop long-term strategies tailored to the local business environment.
Fundamental analysis involves a top-down study of financial and economic factors to estimate a stock's intrinsic value. This includes analyzing the overall economy, industry, and company-specific factors both quantitatively and qualitatively. Some key aspects examined are macroeconomic indicators, competitive forces within an industry, the industry's life cycle stage and growth drivers, and how these may impact the target company. The goal is to predict how the stock price may change as it moves toward the estimated intrinsic value over time. However, there are big unknowns in the analysis and the intrinsic value estimate may not be accurate.
- Burlington Stores is a leading off-price retailer of branded apparel and home goods known for offering trendy merchandise at discounted prices.
- The company has refined its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, technology, and customer experience initiatives to drive comparable store sales growth.
- Burlington has a proven track record of growth and sees opportunities for continued expansion through new store openings, higher comparable store sales, and margin improvement.
Industry analysis is used to understand the competitive dynamics of an industry. It examines factors like demand, competition, and future prospects considering technology. Conducting industry analysis allows businesses to retain customers, attract new ones, ensure sustainability, align strategy, attract and retain talent, and create a holistic view of the business environment. Common tools for industry analysis include Porter's 5 Forces, PEST analysis, and SWOT analysis, which examine political, economic, social, and technological factors both internally and externally.
The document discusses concepts related to analyzing a company's external environment, including performing an external audit to identify key opportunities and threats in the general, industry, and competitive environments. It provides details on factors to consider in the economic, sociocultural, technological, legal/political, and competitive environments. Examples of tools for external analysis include the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) and Porter's Five Forces model for industry analysis.
Tender Writing – Is Price the sole consideration in the Tender Writing processRed Tape Busters
At Red Tape Busters - We have Specialized Tender Writers assisting businesses and non-profit organizations in understanding the key concept involved in tender writing. We have experience in preparing WINNING tenders, assessing tender applications, selection process and awarding contracts to successful applicants.
- Burlington Stores, Inc. is a leading off-price retailer of high-quality branded apparel in the United States.
- The presentation provides an overview of the company's business model, growth opportunities, and financial performance.
- Key points include Burlington's national store footprint, differentiated off-price business model, focus on delivering value through fashion/quality/brands/price, and track record of sales and earnings growth.
- Burlington Stores is a leading off-price retailer of branded apparel and home goods known for offering trendy merchandise at discounted prices of up to 60-70% off other retailers' prices.
- The company has refined its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, use of technology, and focus on customer experience, leading to strong sales growth and margin expansion.
- Burlington sees significant opportunities for continued growth through driving comparable store sales higher, expanding its retail store base by opening about 25 new stores per year, and expanding operating margins over the long run.
Opportunity and Threat of External EnvironmentNoonamsom
The document discusses analyzing an organization's external environment. It defines the external environment and different types of external factors that can influence an organization. These include the general environment, industry environment, and competitor environment. The document provides details on how to analyze each of these environments, including using Porter's Five Forces model to analyze the industry environment. It also discusses using SWOT analysis to understand an organization's opportunities and threats in the external environment. The overall aim is to help organizations understand external factors they don't control but must adapt to in order to survive and grow.
This three (3) day training course is structured primarily for the oil and gas industry, offshore marine, civil and heavy engineering and water and energy utilities. It is applicable to those persons who manage or lead the procurement processes & manage tender stakeholder committees associated with preparing and issuing requests for quotes, tenders or proposals and who evaluate and assess bid documentation, and negotiate with contractors.
The document outlines recommendations to improve Maybank's customer relationship management based on research findings. It recommends focusing on human capital management through staff selection, training and empowerment to improve service quality and efficiency. It also recommends enhancing consistency of tangible aspects and increasing awareness of alternative channels to boost efficiency. Retail outlet improvements like service ambassadors and beverages are suggested to elevate the customer experience. Implementing these changes could increase Maybank's net promoter score by improving customer satisfaction ratings.
Burlington Stores Presents at 16th Annual ICR XChange Conferenceinvestorsburlington
The document provides an overview of Burlington Stores, Inc. including:
- Burlington is a leading retailer of branded apparel at discounted prices, operating 521 stores across the US.
- Under new leadership since 2008, Burlington has transformed its off-price model through improved buying, inventory management, and investments in people, processes and systems.
- Recent financial highlights include comparable store sales growth of 5.0% in the first nine months of fiscal year 2013, and adjusted EBITDA growth of 33.6% over the same period last year.
The document outlines criteria and approaches for finding stocks to invest in. It discusses looking for companies with economic moats, market leadership, healthy financials, rational valuation, positive earnings trends, and exposure to secular growth trends. A top-down approach is recommended starting with macroeconomic analysis, identifying global trends, analyzing industries, and picking industry leaders. Specific stock screening tools are also presented, including Bloomberg, 4-traders, finviz, Reuters, and Interactive Brokers screeners. Backtesting, identifying relative strength leaders, and using watch lists and portfolio management tools are also covered.
"Dr. T. Fikret Yücel Ödül Programı" ile özel sektör tarafından yürütülen Ar-Ge ve teknolojik yenilik faaliyetlerinin çıktılarında niteliksel ve niceliksel gelişmeleri teşvik etmek amacıyla entelektüel düzeydeki faaliyetlerin desteklenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda: Türkiye’deki “Ar-Ge Yönetimi”, “Yenileşim Yönetimi”, “Teknoloji Yönetimi” veya “Teknolojinin Ticarileştirilmesi” süreçlerinin veya ilgili politikaların geliştirilmesini veya başka bir deyişle DNA’sını güçlendirmeyi ilgilendiren alanlarda araştırma, geliştirme ve yenileşim çalışmaları gerçekleştiren, 40 Yaş altı uzman, araştırmacı ve profesyonellerin yaptıkları özgün ve kapsamlı çalışmalardan her yıl için belirlenecek bir çalışmanın TTGV tarafından ödüllendirilecektir.
The World Bank is an internationally supported bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for programs to reduce poverty such as infrastructure projects. It has over 185 member countries and 10,000 staff worldwide. The World Bank generates funds through loans and grants to help developing countries build infrastructure, strengthen financial systems, and reduce poverty.
This short document promotes the creation of presentations using Haiku Deck, an online presentation tool. It includes two stock photos and text suggesting the reader may be inspired to create their own Haiku Deck presentation. A call to action is given to get started by using the tool on SlideShare.
Данная работа была представлена в рамках курса "Эволюция английской культуры" . Проект дает наиболее полное представление о понятии медицины, методах лечения в Средние века.
24 Aralık 2014 tarihinde Ankara Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından gerçekleştirilen "2014 TechAnkara Proje Pazarı" etkinliğinde TTGV Genel Sekreteri Dr. A. Mete Çakmakcı'nın TechAnkara'nın tanıtımına yönelik yaptığı sunuş.
Cyber crime involves using computers or the internet to commit illegal acts. Historically, early computer crimes were often committed by disgruntled employees through physical damage or unauthorized access to modify or destroy data for financial gain or revenge. As technology advanced, criminals began using malicious software like viruses and hacking tools. Common types of cyber crimes include unauthorized access, hacking, and Trojan attacks. Combating cyber crime effectively requires public awareness, law enforcement training, inter-agency coordination, and international cooperation.
Export and Import PracticesChapter 14Chapter Objecti.docxssuser454af01
Export and Import Practices
Chapter 14
Chapter Objectives
Explain why firms export and challenges to exporting
Identify the sources of export counseling and support
Discuss the meaning of the various terms of sale
Identify some sources of export financing
Describe the activities of a foreign freight forwarder
Understand the kinds of export documents required
Identify import sources
Describe the activities of a customhouse broker
Who Exports?
Many people believe large multinationals do not export because they supply their foreign markets from local production
However, some of the largest U.S international firms were also the nation’s largest exporters.
Who Exports? (continued)
The U.S. Bureau of Census reported that manufacturers accounted for the largest proportion of exports (69+%).
The survey showed that the top 50 manufacturers accounted for a minimum of 45% of the known export value while;
200,000+ small and medium-size firms were responsible for 31% of the known export value.
Why Export?
Reasons to export
To serve markets where
the firm has no production facilities.
the local plant does not produce the firm’s complete product mix.
To satisfy a host government’s requirement that the local subsidiary export.
IOW: By rule, the organization must export.
To remain competitive in the home market.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To test foreign markets and foreign competition inexpensively.
To meet actual or prospective customers’ requests for the firm to export. (AKA: Accidental Exporting)
To offset cyclical sales of the domestic market.
To achieve additional sales.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
To extend a product’s life cycle.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To distract foreign competitors that are in the firm’s home market by entering their home markets.
To partake in the kind of success the firm’s management has seen others achieve by exporting.
To improve equipment utilization rates.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
Why Don’t They Export
Two major reasons U.S. firms give for not exporting
Preoccupation with the vast American market.
Or their respective home market.
A reluctance to become involved in a new and unknown operation.
Why Don’t They Export
General Problem Areas that Deter Firm from Exporting
Locating foreign markets.
Payment and financing procedures.
Export procedures.
Sources of Export Counseling
Trade Information Center (TIC)
The federal government has set this up as a first stop for information:
about all federal export assistance programs as well as country and regional market information.
Trade Information Center Web Site
http://www.export.gov/exportbasics/ticredirect.asp
Among the items at the TIC index page are
links to government export programs, trade promotion events, and trade lead information.
Sources of Export Counseling
International Trade Administration (ITA)
Good Source for Continuing Assistance from Uni ...
This document provides an overview of international financial management. It discusses key topics like the balance of payments, determinants of entry modes for international business like exports and counter trade, differences between international and domestic finance, events that increased global trade volumes, and trade agreements. International flow of funds is examined, specifically India's balance of trade. Outsourcing is also discussed as having impacted international trade through increased cross-border purchasing.
The term globalization derives from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems. Globalisation refers to rapid increase in the share of economic activity taking place across national borders. It goes beyond the international trade includes goods and services, delivered &sold & movement of capital.
Globalization or globalisation is the trend of increasing interaction between people or companies on a worldwide scale due to advances in transportation and communication technology, normally beginning with the steamship and the telegraph in the early to mid-1800s. With increased interactions between nation-states and individuals came the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects, but conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization.
This document discusses international trade and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It defines international trade as the exchange of goods and services between countries. About 15% of the world's output is traded internationally each year. The WTO helps facilitate international trade by setting rules and resolving disputes between member nations. It also works to build trade capacity. Countries benefit from foreign trade by importing resources they lack and goods they produce inefficiently. The document outlines various trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies that countries impose and the reasons for them. It concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of international trade.
International Marketing Unit III igdtuw.pdfmayank65520
this is document related to igdtuw cedccfrcfrcfrcfrcrfcrf5crfcrfcfrcfrcrfcrfcrfxjndekxedmccedced cgedxbdenxde ced cedcdened c cdehucndec decedchdencxden de cdecthis is document related to igdtuw cedccfrcfrcfrcfrcrfcrf5crfcrfcfrcfrcrfcrfcrfxjndekxedmccedc
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN PanigrahiSN Panigrahi, PMP
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
Merchant Export is a popular term used in Foreign Trade, is a method of Trading Export which is equally important to the manufacturer-exporter. The person who is engaged in the merchant export is called as 'Merchant Exporter'.
“Merchant Exporter" means a person engaged in trading activity and exporting or intending to export goods. They may not have their own manufacturing unit or processing facility.
Merchant Exporters are instrumental in a boosting of country’s exports especially products from MSME and small manufacturers. Merchant exports generates the foreign exchange for the Country like normal exports and is mainly engaged in export of goods and not services.
Merchant Exporters account for around 35 percent of the total exports, help boost outbound Merchandise Shipments.
This document provides an overview of export and import management. It discusses key topics such as import procedures, export procedures, export-import policy, relevant acts, and international business communications. The document is divided into multiple chapters that cover concepts like identifying export products, market selection, export licensing, pricing, risk management, import registration, payment methods, letters of credit, and foreign exchange management.
Export procedures for agro based productsDN Vaisnavi
The document outlines the procedures for exporting agro-based products from India. It discusses establishing an export firm including necessary registrations, obtaining an Importer-Exporter Code number, export licensing, documentation requirements, and categories of export finance. Key steps include selecting a commodity, finding foreign buyers, ensuring proper documentation, and understanding export categories and financing options.
The document summarizes a presentation on the standard trade model. It discusses three main topics: the standard model of a trading economy, tariffs and export subsidies, and international borrowing and lending. The standard model examines production possibilities, supply and demand curves, and the effects of terms of trade. Tariffs and export subsidies are trade policies that countries use to restrict or promote international trade. International borrowing and lending relates the standard trade model to trade over time through foreign debt.
The document discusses various topics related to international business management.
It first discusses the importance of environment scanning for international businesses and the factors that need to be scanned, such as economic, political, legal, demographic, and socio-cultural factors.
It then discusses greenfield investment, describing it as constructing new facilities from the ground up. Greenfield investments are beneficial for developing countries like India as they create new production capacity and jobs.
Finally, it discusses different types of regional integration, including preferential trading agreements, free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets, explaining how regional integration can help grow trade between countries.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
The document provides an overview of import-export management and policy in India. It discusses key concepts related to international trade including imports, exports, entreport trade, and foreign trade. It also outlines India's simplification of export-export documentation through the introduction of a single online application form. The document then covers various topics related to international marketing environment, trade barriers, export-import financing procedures, required documentation, and processing of an export order.
The document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
1) Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interaction between countries through international trade, flow of capital and technology.
2) Key drivers of globalization include multinational corporations, the WTO, World Bank and IMF.
3) Firms operate globally to access new markets, raw materials, labor and gain economies of scale. However, globalization benefits are not evenly distributed.
MARKETING AND SALES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSNIESSVidushi Murarka
The document provides information on international sales and marketing, including:
1) It defines international business and discusses reasons for selling in international markets such as seeking growth opportunities or having excess production capacity.
2) It outlines various entry strategies, distribution channels, and considerations for international salespeople.
3) It discusses pricing terms, packaging, market research, sales proposals, and payment methods used in international trade.
This document summarizes a summer training project conducted at Akbar Corporation Limited, an export-oriented handicraft manufacturing company in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. The objectives of the study were to understand export procedures in international markets and how Akbar Corporation exports to foreign markets. Key findings include that quality, design, and developing business in foreign markets day-to-day are important for increasing sales. Akbar Corporation is a green card holder firm promoted by the Government of India to encourage export-oriented units. The training provided insight into export procedures and international trade.
identifying and analyzing opportunity....Hari Shrestha
The document discusses opportunity recognition and assessment for entrepreneurs. It describes how successful entrepreneurs recognize opportunities by thinking creatively and envisioning new ways of doing things. It also discusses assessing opportunities by analyzing business models, markets, customers and production processes. The opportunity assessment plan involves analyzing competitive products, market size and trends, management skills, and developing a timeline. Overall the document provides guidance on identifying opportunities and evaluating them for commercial viability.
Businesses must consider several factors when setting international prices:
1) Costs such as export costs, foreign currency exchange rates, and taxes.
2) Consumer demand which is affected by factors like income levels and competition.
3) Competition from other companies selling similar products.
Pricing methods used include markup pricing, new product pricing, and discount pricing which provides incentives.
Setting prices that account for currency fluctuations and using methods like countertrade can help minimize financial risks in global markets.
Businesses must consider several factors when setting international prices:
1) Costs such as export costs, foreign currency exchange rates, and taxes.
2) Consumer demand which is affected by factors like income levels and competition.
3) Competition from other companies selling similar products.
Pricing methods used include markup pricing, new product pricing, and discount pricing which provides incentives.
Setting prices that account for currency fluctuations and using methods like countertrade can help minimize financial risks in global markets.
Businesses must consider several factors when setting international prices:
1) Costs such as export costs, foreign currency exchange rates, and taxes.
2) Consumer demand which is affected by factors like income levels and competition.
3) Competition from other companies selling similar products.
Pricing methods used include markup pricing, new product pricing, and discount pricing. When selling globally, businesses also consider risks from currency fluctuations and sometimes use countertrade or dumping to reduce risks.
3. Registration with DGFT for IEC Code/Number.
Important for every exporter & importer.
Ten digits.
Submit signed application form along with:
Bank receipt.
PAN NO.
2 PP photos.
Self addressed envelope & stamp of Rs.30/-
application should be send to www.dgft.gov.in
Jt Dgft givs IEC.
Copy of IEC is sent to Bank & customs (BIN).
Valid till it is not cancelled.
5. EXPORT LICENSE
The classification of goods is given in ITC (HS)
which can be exported & imported.
OR
Under any other provision of FTP
OR
Any other law in force.
6. Restricted items can be traded only under License by
DGFT.
Exporter/Importer whose items come under restricted list
of ITC (HS) can export only when he obtains an Export
License.
DGFT issues License after scrutinizing what & where?
Application for EL may be made in ANF 2D.
EL is valid for 12 months.
Camel, beef of cows, Crude oil.
7. SELECTION OF EXPORT PRODUCT
Every exporter needs to select right product for the right
market.
All products cannot be sold everywhere.
Selection for the manufacturer may be limited to what he is
already manufacturing.
E.g. Manufacturer of Ayurvedic medicine.
There are no. of. factors which an exporter needs to consider.
8. Demand for the product.
there should be great demand for the product.
Continuous, regular & rising demand.
Avoid seasonal products.
Select a product which has large continuous & growing market.
9. Supply.
Regular & continuous.
Must avoid perishable & seasonal items.
Should have capacity to fulfill rising demand.
10. Export trends.
Exporter must look for the current trend of exports from his
country.
Market survey reports.
EXIM times.
Indian trade journal.
EPC’s etc.
Exporters knowledge & previous experience helps.
11. Production capacity & availability.
Capacity if manufacturer & availability if merchant.
Choose market depending on capacity.
Image may go down.
Must analyze production capacity & then enter the market.
12. Servicing facilities.
If product selected needs servicing facilities then proper
arrangement has to be made.
Providing timely & efficient service is very difficult.
Locate agents or distributors or ASP’s etc.
Consumers/Customers do not consider only price but more
efficient service.
Following International standards for service like BIS, ISO,
CSIA etc.
13. Target market.
Exporter must select product depending on the market & vice-
versa.
It is advisable to focus on one market initially.
Study of target market wrt product adaptation, regularity in
demands, credit needs etc.
14. Profitability.
Product selection should be from profit making perspective.
Not high price but also less middleman will help increase profit.
Exporter should always sell as close to market as possible.
15. Trade restriction.
Product selected must not be restricted in home or host
country.
Exporter needs to research on the items whether prohibited,
restricted or free.
Must select a product which is freely exported.
Obtaining license is very difficult.
16. Chances for growth in future.
Find out chances to export other products which are in
demand.
Select the product which will give growth & profits in future.
17. IDENTIFICATION & SELECTION OF MARKET FOR EXPORTS
Market screening is a crucial process which helps exporter,
To weigh opportunities against the risks involved.
To study the operational feasibility & market viability.
18. First screening – preliminary screening.
To identify the buyers & markets.
The basis of screening involves:
Home country govt’s trade regulations.
Current import policies of other country.
Goods & services imported by that country.
Local production & consumption level.
Demographic changes, growth, migration pattern etc.
19. Second screening – Financial & Economic considerations.
Reduces prospects by identifying Financial & Economical
viability.
Inflation rates, availability of credit, expected ROI, Interest
rates etc.
Economic viability is related to demand influencing market
indicators like:
Relative size of market as a % of total world market,
GDP,GNP,PCI, Size of middle class, level of industrialization
etc.
Market intensity, Market growth etc.
20. Third screening – Political & Legal forces.
Entry barriers.
Operational flexibility.
Profit remittance.
Restriction on % equity hold.
Red tape.
21. Fourth screening – cultural factors.
Language.
Work habits.
Customs.
Religions.
Values, etc.
22. Fifth screening – Competitive environment.
Degree of competition.
Comparative advantage of the competitor.
Lead time & Imitation lag.
23. Final screening – matching opportunities with firm’s marketing
capabilities.
Personal visits.
Talks with trade representatives, officials etc.
Availability of Logistics & other support systems.
24. EXPORT PRICING
PRICE is the most important P’s of Marketing mix.
Price is what an exporter offers to buyer/importer, while the cost
is expenses incurred by an exporter for manufacturing/exporting
a product.
Setting proper export prices is crucial to a successful
international sales.
Prices must be high enough to generate a reasonable profit, yet
low enough to be competitive in overseas markets.
25. FACTORS AFFECTING EXPORT PRICING
Cost.
Cost constitutes the large part of the price.
2 types of costs, viz; Fixed cost & Variable cost.
FC + VC + OTHER EXPENSES + PROFIT= PRICE
26. Competition.
Exporter face competition from 3 aspects.
Local producers.
Exporters from other countries.
Suppliers from exporter’s country.
To survive in competition price should be reasonable.
However, Higher price can be charged against better quality of
goods, better delivery, innovation etc.
27. Demand.
Price largely depends on Dd.
Increase in Dd results in increase in price, even if the cost is
same.
Demand may increase due to good quality, shortage of product,
economic condition etc.
Not only increase in Dd will increase the price but also other
factors like costs etc.
In case of ltd Dd exporter may sell it at marginal price.
28. Govt policies & incentives.
Favorable FTP is important.
FTP is related to monetary, fiscal, industrial & budget policy.
Incentives offered by govt in the form of tax exemptions, export
incentives, customs & excise exemption helps exporter keeps
prices low.
29. Availability of substitutes.
Price gets affected due to presence of substitutes.
Customers always look for lowest price, therefore Dd may affect
due to availability of substitutes.
Nature of consumers - like their purchasing capacity, income,
buying habits etc.
30. Objectives of the organization.
Like increasing profitability, social welfare, target market,
competition etc.
Product.
Quality, necessity, substitutes etc.
Brand Image.
Good brand image helps fetch higher profits.
31. Intermediary.
Longer the chain, higher the price, lesser the profit.
Other factors.
PLC.
Economic condition.
Inflation rate etc.
33. TERMS OF PAYMENT.
The terms/method of payment in respect to export finance
depends on agreement between the Exporter & Importer.
Method of Payment depend on number of factors such as.
Amount of Transaction.
Nature of Goods.
34. Credit standing of Buyer & Seller.
Size of Export order
Economic condition of Importers Country.
Foreign Exchange & Import control in the Importers country.
Buyer-Seller Relationship.
Competitors credit terms.
35. METHODS OF PAYMENT.
Cash & Carry or Advance Payment method.
Open Account.
Payment against shipment on consignment, (agent).
Letter of Credit / Documentary credit.
36. PARTIES TO LETTER OF CREDIT
1. Applicant or Opener.
2. Issuing Bank.
3. Beneficiary.
4. Advising Bank.
5. Confirming Bank.
6. Negotiating Bank.
37. TYPES OF LETTER OF CREDIT
Revocable & Ir-revocable.
With Re-Course & Without Re-Course.
Confirmed & Un-Confirmed.
Transferable & Non-Transferable.
Fixed & Revolving.
Restricted & Un-Restricted.
Red-Clause & Green Clause.
Back to Back.
Documentary.
38. ADVANTAGES OF LC TO EXPORTER.
Avoid Finance problems
Prevents Bad Debts.
Fulfillment of Trade Regulations.
Avoids refusal of goods by Importer.
39. ADVANTAGES OF LC TO IMPORTER.
Better chances of Trade.
Timely Delivery.
Overdraft facility.
No blockage of Finance.
40. IMPORTS
“Import” means, bringing goods inside the country from foreign
country for sale/re-sale or processing/manufacturing etc.
Import helps country in:
Making available scarce resources.
Exports.
Technical know-how.
Building good relations with other countries.
Re-export/Entrepot trade.
41. NEGATIVE LIST OF IMPORTS.
FREE GOODS.
All goods can be freely imported except those in prohibited
list.
More assistance is given to Capital goods.
Can be freely imported without any restriction.
Under EPCG scheme exporters can Import CG at ZERO
DUTY or concessional custom duty.
42. Zero duty scheme covers following sectors.
Engineering goods.
Electronic goods.
Basic chemicals & pharmaceuticals.
Apparels & Textile products.
Plastics.
Handicrafts.
Chemical & related products.
Leather & Leather products.
Only under the condition of 6 times & 6 years
rule.
CONCESSIONAL 3% duty under 8 times & 8 years rule.
43. PROHIBITED LIST.
Tallow, fats, oils made from any animal origin.
Animal rennet.
Animals including their parts & products.
Ivory.
44. RESTRICTED LIST
These items can be imported only under licence & by actual
users.
They include.
Consumer goods.
Safety security related items.
Electronic items.
Chemicals.
Drugs & Pharmaceuticals.
Pesticides.
Seeds, plants & animals.
Precious stones etc.
45. CANALIZED LIST
Only STC, NAFED, MSAMB etc can import certain items like:-
Petroleum products through IOCL.
Fertilizers through MMTC.
Cereals through FCI.
Coconut oil through STC.
46. CATEGORIES OF IMPORTERS
Actual user ( Industrial )
Actual users ( non-industrial )
Non actual users.