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International Marketing Distribution-By Akshay SamantAkshay Samant
There are various methods for distributing products internationally once they reach a foreign market. These include using trading companies, export management companies, foreign distributors, or establishing a direct foreign presence through subsidiaries or wholly owned operations. The optimal distribution channel depends on factors like a firm's goals, resources, products, and the regulations and infrastructure of the target foreign market. Managing international logistics grows more complex with requirements for documentation, transportation, and navigating differences between multiple national markets. Facilities like freight forwarders and free trade zones can help address some challenges of cross-border physical distribution.
The document discusses Export Promotion Councils (EPCs) in India. EPCs were established to promote and develop exports of various products and services. There are currently 12 EPCs overseen by the Department of Commerce that cover major export sectors like textiles, chemicals, marine products and software. EPCs work to provide trade information and facilitate market access for exporters. Their functions include organizing trade fairs and exporter training, as well as assisting with trade policy, financing, and market analysis. EPCs aim to enhance export competitiveness and boost foreign exchange earnings.
INTERNATIONAL ENTRY MODES
Criteria for Country selection :
Choosing Product to trade in International markets
Global Product Strategies
Strategy for new product launch
STANDARDIZATION VS ADAPTATION
FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY MODES
The document provides information on how to start an export-import business, including planning for exports such as obtaining an IEC number and registering with an export promotion council, executing exports by procuring orders and finalizing contracts, and available export incentives and financing. It also discusses the various agencies involved in export transactions and risks that can be covered by insurance.
Challenges in International Marketing and Sales by Praveen Jalaraddi
This document discusses the challenges of international sales and marketing. It begins by defining international sales and marketing as business activities designed to plan, price, promote and direct the flow of goods and services to consumers in multiple countries. While marketing concepts are universal, international marketing requires considering additional uncontrollable environmental factors like legal systems, culture and weather in different countries. The document then discusses how globalization has increased the importance of international marketing and outlines the tasks involved, including developing marketing plans that account for domestic and foreign environments. It also notes potential obstacles like ethnocentrism and the need for cultural understanding. The document concludes by classifying the various documentation required for international sales and marketing.
Dole Foods is considering international expansion and must make several strategic decisions. It must determine which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them, how much resources to commit initially, and how to enter through options like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or wholly owned subsidiaries. Key factors in these decisions include advantages and risks of early vs late entry, pressures for low costs vs local responsiveness, and whether to make or buy component parts through strategic alliances.
Dole Foods is considering international expansion and must make several strategic decisions. It must determine which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them, how much resources to commit initially, and how to enter through options like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or wholly owned subsidiaries. Key factors in these decisions include advantages and risks of early vs late entry, pressures for low costs vs local responsiveness, and whether to make or buy component parts through strategic alliances.
International Marketing Distribution-By Akshay SamantAkshay Samant
There are various methods for distributing products internationally once they reach a foreign market. These include using trading companies, export management companies, foreign distributors, or establishing a direct foreign presence through subsidiaries or wholly owned operations. The optimal distribution channel depends on factors like a firm's goals, resources, products, and the regulations and infrastructure of the target foreign market. Managing international logistics grows more complex with requirements for documentation, transportation, and navigating differences between multiple national markets. Facilities like freight forwarders and free trade zones can help address some challenges of cross-border physical distribution.
The document discusses Export Promotion Councils (EPCs) in India. EPCs were established to promote and develop exports of various products and services. There are currently 12 EPCs overseen by the Department of Commerce that cover major export sectors like textiles, chemicals, marine products and software. EPCs work to provide trade information and facilitate market access for exporters. Their functions include organizing trade fairs and exporter training, as well as assisting with trade policy, financing, and market analysis. EPCs aim to enhance export competitiveness and boost foreign exchange earnings.
INTERNATIONAL ENTRY MODES
Criteria for Country selection :
Choosing Product to trade in International markets
Global Product Strategies
Strategy for new product launch
STANDARDIZATION VS ADAPTATION
FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY MODES
The document provides information on how to start an export-import business, including planning for exports such as obtaining an IEC number and registering with an export promotion council, executing exports by procuring orders and finalizing contracts, and available export incentives and financing. It also discusses the various agencies involved in export transactions and risks that can be covered by insurance.
Challenges in International Marketing and Sales by Praveen Jalaraddi
This document discusses the challenges of international sales and marketing. It begins by defining international sales and marketing as business activities designed to plan, price, promote and direct the flow of goods and services to consumers in multiple countries. While marketing concepts are universal, international marketing requires considering additional uncontrollable environmental factors like legal systems, culture and weather in different countries. The document then discusses how globalization has increased the importance of international marketing and outlines the tasks involved, including developing marketing plans that account for domestic and foreign environments. It also notes potential obstacles like ethnocentrism and the need for cultural understanding. The document concludes by classifying the various documentation required for international sales and marketing.
Dole Foods is considering international expansion and must make several strategic decisions. It must determine which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them, how much resources to commit initially, and how to enter through options like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or wholly owned subsidiaries. Key factors in these decisions include advantages and risks of early vs late entry, pressures for low costs vs local responsiveness, and whether to make or buy component parts through strategic alliances.
Dole Foods is considering international expansion and must make several strategic decisions. It must determine which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them, how much resources to commit initially, and how to enter through options like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or wholly owned subsidiaries. Key factors in these decisions include advantages and risks of early vs late entry, pressures for low costs vs local responsiveness, and whether to make or buy component parts through strategic alliances.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
This is a lecture I gave some time ago highlighting some of the key aspects to be considered if planning to develop international markets. I hope you find it of interest.
Export and Import PracticesChapter 14Chapter Objecti.docxssuser454af01
Export and Import Practices
Chapter 14
Chapter Objectives
Explain why firms export and challenges to exporting
Identify the sources of export counseling and support
Discuss the meaning of the various terms of sale
Identify some sources of export financing
Describe the activities of a foreign freight forwarder
Understand the kinds of export documents required
Identify import sources
Describe the activities of a customhouse broker
Who Exports?
Many people believe large multinationals do not export because they supply their foreign markets from local production
However, some of the largest U.S international firms were also the nation’s largest exporters.
Who Exports? (continued)
The U.S. Bureau of Census reported that manufacturers accounted for the largest proportion of exports (69+%).
The survey showed that the top 50 manufacturers accounted for a minimum of 45% of the known export value while;
200,000+ small and medium-size firms were responsible for 31% of the known export value.
Why Export?
Reasons to export
To serve markets where
the firm has no production facilities.
the local plant does not produce the firm’s complete product mix.
To satisfy a host government’s requirement that the local subsidiary export.
IOW: By rule, the organization must export.
To remain competitive in the home market.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To test foreign markets and foreign competition inexpensively.
To meet actual or prospective customers’ requests for the firm to export. (AKA: Accidental Exporting)
To offset cyclical sales of the domestic market.
To achieve additional sales.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
To extend a product’s life cycle.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To distract foreign competitors that are in the firm’s home market by entering their home markets.
To partake in the kind of success the firm’s management has seen others achieve by exporting.
To improve equipment utilization rates.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
Why Don’t They Export
Two major reasons U.S. firms give for not exporting
Preoccupation with the vast American market.
Or their respective home market.
A reluctance to become involved in a new and unknown operation.
Why Don’t They Export
General Problem Areas that Deter Firm from Exporting
Locating foreign markets.
Payment and financing procedures.
Export procedures.
Sources of Export Counseling
Trade Information Center (TIC)
The federal government has set this up as a first stop for information:
about all federal export assistance programs as well as country and regional market information.
Trade Information Center Web Site
http://www.export.gov/exportbasics/ticredirect.asp
Among the items at the TIC index page are
links to government export programs, trade promotion events, and trade lead information.
Sources of Export Counseling
International Trade Administration (ITA)
Good Source for Continuing Assistance from Uni ...
The document discusses export promotion strategies for a country. It outlines how exports can lead to economic growth through increasing employment, GDP, and improving the current account balance. The document then provides details on export promotion activities a country can undertake, including trade agreements, export strategies, the export process, documentation requirements, quality control, finding overseas agents, and shipping and transportation considerations.
This document discusses various modes of international business entry. It describes exporting, including direct exporting where there are no intermediaries, and indirect exporting which involves export intermediaries. It also discusses licensing, where a company allows foreign firms to produce its products under contract. Franchising is described as similar to licensing but involving use of a company's business model and brand. Other entry modes mentioned include strategic alliances, acquisitions, and wholly owned subsidiaries or "greenfield ventures." Advantages and disadvantages of each mode are briefly outlined.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
The road to a new export market || Lotus 5: International BusinessAIESEC - Lotus project
Presentation by SIA Gatewaybaltic - "The road to a new export market" in conference Lotus 5: International Business, organized by AIESEC Riga. 24.04.2010 in SSE-Riga.
Export management involves conducting export activities efficiently and profitably. It requires identifying suitable export products, selecting target markets through SWOT analysis, obtaining necessary licenses, understanding pricing and costs, managing risks like currency fluctuations, and ensuring proper packaging and labeling. Key considerations at the national level include earning foreign exchange, employment, and economic growth. At the business level, export management aims to increase profits, reputation, and take advantage of government incentives through orderly management of the export marketing process. Tools like letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading aid in international trade transactions by facilitating payment and transport documentation.
This document provides an overview of export marketing. It discusses the differences between domestic and international marketing, and highlights key considerations for marketing products in other countries. These include researching individual country markets in terms of regulations, competition, infrastructure and more. The marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion is also reviewed. Additional topics covered are pricing strategies, product life cycles, distribution channels, logistics, and responding to trade leads. The overall summary is that export marketing requires in-depth research of target country markets and consideration of various factors like regulations, distribution, pricing to successfully market and sell products abroad.
The document discusses various aspects of international marketing and strategies for companies to go global. It covers drivers and restraints in emerging markets, segmentation issues, conducting competition analysis, adapting the marketing mix, and organizational structures for global enterprises. Key success factors mentioned include continuous commitment to global markets, having a high cultural quotient, pursuing economies of scale, and innovating new competitive strategies.
The Export Promotion Council (EPC) was established in 1992 to promote Kenya's exports. EPC's mandate is to assist exporters in overcoming bottlenecks to achieve higher export performance and foreign exchange earnings. There are currently twelve EPCs under the department of commerce dealing with commodities like chemicals, textiles, handlooms, apparel, silk, and others. EPCs are responsible for promoting and developing exports in their sectors through services like market analysis, trade information, export training, and organizing trade fairs and exhibitions. Membership in an EPC allows exporters to access benefits and helps them avail export opportunities.
There are five main international entry modes: exporting, intermediate entry modes (contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances), and hierarchical entry modes (sales subsidiaries, production subsidiaries, regional centers, transnational organizations).
Exporting can be direct or indirect through intermediaries like agents, distributors, trading companies. Intermediate entry modes involve partnerships and allow firms to gain resources without large investments. Licensing and franchising provide rights to use intellectual property. Strategic alliances share risks and costs.
Hierarchical entry modes give more control through wholly owned subsidiaries operating locally. The choice of entry mode depends on factors like resources, risks, costs, market needs, and level of control required.
There are five main international entry modes: exporting, intermediate entry modes (contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances), and hierarchical entry modes (sales subsidiaries, production subsidiaries, regional centers, transnational organizations).
Exporting can be direct or indirect through intermediaries like agents, distributors, trading companies. Intermediate entry modes involve partnerships and allow firms to gain resources without large investments. Licensing and franchising provide rights to use intellectual property. Strategic alliances share risks and costs.
Hierarchical entry modes give more control through wholly owned subsidiaries operating locally. The choice of entry mode depends on factors like resources, risks, costs, market needs, and level of control required.
Pro-Consulting - consulting in the field of analytics, marketing research, strategic consulting and business planning.
OUR MISSION- assisting in attracting investments in high developing business and stimulation of increasing of financial prosperity of company`s clients.
CONCEPT OF EXPORT MARKETING (FOREIGN TRADE)shafer khan
International trade involves the transfer of goods and services across international borders. Export marketing refers to marketing activities involved in distributing goods and services to overseas markets. It provides several benefits including generating foreign exchange, strengthening international relations, and helping balance a country's payments. Developing an export marketing plan requires establishing objectives, researching export markets, analyzing products, and setting competitive prices that account for additional international costs. Export marketing faces challenges such as trade barriers, global competition, and high product standards imposed by importing countries.
ROLE OF EXPORT MARKETING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEforeigntrade
1) Export marketing is a systematic process of developing and distributing goods and services in overseas markets and involves undertaking various marketing activities such as research, product design, branding, packaging, pricing, and promotion.
2) Export marketing brings valuable foreign exchange to exporting countries and helps balance payments but faces challenges like technological differences between countries, trade barriers, and extensive documentation requirements.
3) The main objectives of export marketing are to earn foreign exchange, build international relations, balance payments, gain reputation, and create employment opportunities. Organizations also benefit from export marketing through increased sales, diversification of risk, and lower per unit costs.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
EXPORTING GUIDE US Export Assistance CenterVideoguy
The document provides an overview of key considerations for companies interested in exporting, including market potential analysis, company resources, marketing plans, distribution methods, international standards, legal issues, shipping, pricing, payment terms, and customer service. It emphasizes the importance of having sales representatives rather than order takers, access to target markets and customers, sufficient capital, and import administration experience when selecting distributors. It also outlines various resources available from the US Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to support market research, trade events, consulting, and partnerships.
This is a lecture I gave some time ago highlighting some of the key aspects to be considered if planning to develop international markets. I hope you find it of interest.
Export and Import PracticesChapter 14Chapter Objecti.docxssuser454af01
Export and Import Practices
Chapter 14
Chapter Objectives
Explain why firms export and challenges to exporting
Identify the sources of export counseling and support
Discuss the meaning of the various terms of sale
Identify some sources of export financing
Describe the activities of a foreign freight forwarder
Understand the kinds of export documents required
Identify import sources
Describe the activities of a customhouse broker
Who Exports?
Many people believe large multinationals do not export because they supply their foreign markets from local production
However, some of the largest U.S international firms were also the nation’s largest exporters.
Who Exports? (continued)
The U.S. Bureau of Census reported that manufacturers accounted for the largest proportion of exports (69+%).
The survey showed that the top 50 manufacturers accounted for a minimum of 45% of the known export value while;
200,000+ small and medium-size firms were responsible for 31% of the known export value.
Why Export?
Reasons to export
To serve markets where
the firm has no production facilities.
the local plant does not produce the firm’s complete product mix.
To satisfy a host government’s requirement that the local subsidiary export.
IOW: By rule, the organization must export.
To remain competitive in the home market.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To test foreign markets and foreign competition inexpensively.
To meet actual or prospective customers’ requests for the firm to export. (AKA: Accidental Exporting)
To offset cyclical sales of the domestic market.
To achieve additional sales.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
To extend a product’s life cycle.
Why Export?
Reasons to export (cont’d)
To distract foreign competitors that are in the firm’s home market by entering their home markets.
To partake in the kind of success the firm’s management has seen others achieve by exporting.
To improve equipment utilization rates.
(Using production capacity to reduce fixed cost per unit.)
Why Don’t They Export
Two major reasons U.S. firms give for not exporting
Preoccupation with the vast American market.
Or their respective home market.
A reluctance to become involved in a new and unknown operation.
Why Don’t They Export
General Problem Areas that Deter Firm from Exporting
Locating foreign markets.
Payment and financing procedures.
Export procedures.
Sources of Export Counseling
Trade Information Center (TIC)
The federal government has set this up as a first stop for information:
about all federal export assistance programs as well as country and regional market information.
Trade Information Center Web Site
http://www.export.gov/exportbasics/ticredirect.asp
Among the items at the TIC index page are
links to government export programs, trade promotion events, and trade lead information.
Sources of Export Counseling
International Trade Administration (ITA)
Good Source for Continuing Assistance from Uni ...
The document discusses export promotion strategies for a country. It outlines how exports can lead to economic growth through increasing employment, GDP, and improving the current account balance. The document then provides details on export promotion activities a country can undertake, including trade agreements, export strategies, the export process, documentation requirements, quality control, finding overseas agents, and shipping and transportation considerations.
This document discusses various modes of international business entry. It describes exporting, including direct exporting where there are no intermediaries, and indirect exporting which involves export intermediaries. It also discusses licensing, where a company allows foreign firms to produce its products under contract. Franchising is described as similar to licensing but involving use of a company's business model and brand. Other entry modes mentioned include strategic alliances, acquisitions, and wholly owned subsidiaries or "greenfield ventures." Advantages and disadvantages of each mode are briefly outlined.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
The road to a new export market || Lotus 5: International BusinessAIESEC - Lotus project
Presentation by SIA Gatewaybaltic - "The road to a new export market" in conference Lotus 5: International Business, organized by AIESEC Riga. 24.04.2010 in SSE-Riga.
Export management involves conducting export activities efficiently and profitably. It requires identifying suitable export products, selecting target markets through SWOT analysis, obtaining necessary licenses, understanding pricing and costs, managing risks like currency fluctuations, and ensuring proper packaging and labeling. Key considerations at the national level include earning foreign exchange, employment, and economic growth. At the business level, export management aims to increase profits, reputation, and take advantage of government incentives through orderly management of the export marketing process. Tools like letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading aid in international trade transactions by facilitating payment and transport documentation.
This document provides an overview of export marketing. It discusses the differences between domestic and international marketing, and highlights key considerations for marketing products in other countries. These include researching individual country markets in terms of regulations, competition, infrastructure and more. The marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion is also reviewed. Additional topics covered are pricing strategies, product life cycles, distribution channels, logistics, and responding to trade leads. The overall summary is that export marketing requires in-depth research of target country markets and consideration of various factors like regulations, distribution, pricing to successfully market and sell products abroad.
The document discusses various aspects of international marketing and strategies for companies to go global. It covers drivers and restraints in emerging markets, segmentation issues, conducting competition analysis, adapting the marketing mix, and organizational structures for global enterprises. Key success factors mentioned include continuous commitment to global markets, having a high cultural quotient, pursuing economies of scale, and innovating new competitive strategies.
The Export Promotion Council (EPC) was established in 1992 to promote Kenya's exports. EPC's mandate is to assist exporters in overcoming bottlenecks to achieve higher export performance and foreign exchange earnings. There are currently twelve EPCs under the department of commerce dealing with commodities like chemicals, textiles, handlooms, apparel, silk, and others. EPCs are responsible for promoting and developing exports in their sectors through services like market analysis, trade information, export training, and organizing trade fairs and exhibitions. Membership in an EPC allows exporters to access benefits and helps them avail export opportunities.
There are five main international entry modes: exporting, intermediate entry modes (contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances), and hierarchical entry modes (sales subsidiaries, production subsidiaries, regional centers, transnational organizations).
Exporting can be direct or indirect through intermediaries like agents, distributors, trading companies. Intermediate entry modes involve partnerships and allow firms to gain resources without large investments. Licensing and franchising provide rights to use intellectual property. Strategic alliances share risks and costs.
Hierarchical entry modes give more control through wholly owned subsidiaries operating locally. The choice of entry mode depends on factors like resources, risks, costs, market needs, and level of control required.
There are five main international entry modes: exporting, intermediate entry modes (contract manufacturing, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances), and hierarchical entry modes (sales subsidiaries, production subsidiaries, regional centers, transnational organizations).
Exporting can be direct or indirect through intermediaries like agents, distributors, trading companies. Intermediate entry modes involve partnerships and allow firms to gain resources without large investments. Licensing and franchising provide rights to use intellectual property. Strategic alliances share risks and costs.
Hierarchical entry modes give more control through wholly owned subsidiaries operating locally. The choice of entry mode depends on factors like resources, risks, costs, market needs, and level of control required.
Pro-Consulting - consulting in the field of analytics, marketing research, strategic consulting and business planning.
OUR MISSION- assisting in attracting investments in high developing business and stimulation of increasing of financial prosperity of company`s clients.
CONCEPT OF EXPORT MARKETING (FOREIGN TRADE)shafer khan
International trade involves the transfer of goods and services across international borders. Export marketing refers to marketing activities involved in distributing goods and services to overseas markets. It provides several benefits including generating foreign exchange, strengthening international relations, and helping balance a country's payments. Developing an export marketing plan requires establishing objectives, researching export markets, analyzing products, and setting competitive prices that account for additional international costs. Export marketing faces challenges such as trade barriers, global competition, and high product standards imposed by importing countries.
ROLE OF EXPORT MARKETING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEforeigntrade
1) Export marketing is a systematic process of developing and distributing goods and services in overseas markets and involves undertaking various marketing activities such as research, product design, branding, packaging, pricing, and promotion.
2) Export marketing brings valuable foreign exchange to exporting countries and helps balance payments but faces challenges like technological differences between countries, trade barriers, and extensive documentation requirements.
3) The main objectives of export marketing are to earn foreign exchange, build international relations, balance payments, gain reputation, and create employment opportunities. Organizations also benefit from export marketing through increased sales, diversification of risk, and lower per unit costs.
Similar to International Marketing Unit III igdtuw.pdf (20)
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Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
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2. Course Structure
— Unit I : Framework of International
Marketing
— Unit II : Policy Framework
— Unit III : International Marketing
Decisions
— Unit IV : Institutional Infrastructure for
Export in India
21. Market Segmentation
Standardization vs Customization Strategy:
— Ethnocentric – strategy centered on domestic
market
— Polycentric – separate & distinct strategy for each
foreign market
— Regiocentric - separate & distinct strategy for each
economic region (group of similar countries)
— Geocentric – one strategy for all countries
worldwide (global)
22. Market Segmentation
Criteria for Market Evaluation:
— Population
— Income
— Country competitiveness
— Macro Economic stability
— Labour market efficiency
— Financial Market
— Market size
— Infrastructure
27. Mode of Entry for Exports
Firms can Export using two methods:
— Indirect involvement means that the firm participates in
international business through an intermediary and
does not deal with foreign customers or markets
Distributor / Export Merchants, Export agents, EMC
— Direct involvement means that the firm works with
foreign customers or markets with the opportunity to
develop a relationship
Export department, Export sales representatives, E -
business
30. Export Pricing – International
terms, payment terms
Factors affecting determination of Export Price:
— Cost of product and services
— Supply and demand
— Government Policies
— Incentives offered by Government
— Exchange Rate
— Tariff and Distribution Costs
— Market Share
— Product Differentiation and Brand Image
32. Export Pricing – International
terms, payment terms
Export Pricing Quotations:
— Free on Board (FOB)
— Cost & Freight (C&F)
— Cost Insurance & Freight (CIF)
Conditions for Realization of Export Payment:
— Payment in permitted currencies
— Prevent immobilization of foreign exchange
— Submission of shipping documents
— Export full value of goods
— Authorized dealers
33. Export Pricing – International
terms, payment terms
Factors affecting Export Payment Terms:
— Nature of product
— Credit worthiness of buyer
— Exchange and import controls in importing country
— Competitors credit terms
— Economic situation in importer’s country
— Size of export order
— Financial position of the exporter
— Relation with the importer
34. Export Pricing – International
terms, payment terms
Method of Payment:
— Payment in advance
— Open account
— Consignment stock payment
— Documentary Bills of Exchange
— Letter of Credit
38. Distribution Logistics for
Exports
Logistics and Freight Forwarders companies offer efficient
and cost effective solutions for the worldwide customer’s
freight needs by providing essential services like:
— Air Express Service, high priority (24Hrs)
— Value added service to any destination
— Economical & timely distribution
— Door to door & Airport to airport service with excellent
transit times
— Full Container Load (FCL) & Partial Container Load
(PCL) cargo service
— Worldwide Delivery
39. Product Planning for Export
Complete process of bringing a new product or
service to a new market involves –
— Idea generation, product design and detailed
engineering
— Market research and marketing analysis
41. Criteria for Selection of
products for export
— Trends in Exports – analysing trends country wise, commodity
wise over a period of time
— Production capacity and product availability – adequate
production capacity in the country and the product can be
sourced for the desired quantity
— Product adaptability – product potential depends on physical
conditions, functional requirements, cultural factors, tastes,
levels of skill and levels of technical developments may be
different. Product must be capable of suitable changes in its
design, color, size, taste, packaging etc.
— Demand in the Potential Export Market – can be assessed by
considering the impact of: demographic and physical
environment, economic, social and cultural environment,
market access, product potential
42. Criteria for Selection of
products for export
— Trade Restrictions – there is a commitment by all the
WTO member countries to follow open and liberal all
— Incentives/ Facilities Offered for Exports – incentive of
duty drawbacks, facility of duty free import of raw
material & other inputs required for the manufacture of
export products, import of capital goods for the
promotion of exports at concessional rates of import
duties
— Shifting Spending Patterns – basic determinants of
consumer behaviour in terms of price, preference,
income
— Quality and Niche Marketing – emphasis on quality and
concentrating on creating a niche
43. Foreign Sales Agent
Selection
Points to be considered while appointing a Sales Agent:
— Size of an Agent’s company
— Date of foundation of the agent’s company
— Company’s ownership and control
— Company’s capital, funds available and liabilities
— Name, age & experience of the company’s senior
executives and salesmen
— Other agencies that the company holds
— Length of company’s association with other principal
44. Foreign Sales Agent
Selection
Points to be considered while appointing a Sales
Agent:
— New agencies that the company acquired or lost during the last year
— Company’s total annual sales & the trends in its sales in recent years
— Company’s sales coverage, overall & by area
— Any major obstacles expected in the company’s sales growth
— Agent’s capability to provide sales promotion & advertising services
— Agent’s transport facilities and warehousing capabilities
— Agent’s rate of commission, payment terms required
— References on the Agents from banks, trade associations & major buyers
45. Foreign Sales Agent
Selection
Information on Agents can be sourced from:
— Government Departments Trade Association
— Chambers of commerce
— Banks
— Independent Consultants
— Export Promotion Councils
— Advertisement abroad
46. Foreign Sales Agent
Selection
Other options available:
— Foreign Distributor
— Export Broker
— Export Management Company
— Export Merchant
— Trading Company
47. Promotion of Products/
Services Abroad
Objectives of Export Promotion Measures:
— Compensate exporters for the high domestic cost
of production
— Provide necessary assistance to the new and small
exporters to develop the export business
— Increase the relative profitability of the export
business and domestic business
48. Promotion of Products/
Services Abroad
Benefits of Export Promotion (Trade Fairs,
Exhibitions)
— It provides opportunities to achieve economic
growth
— Supply of commodities increase the demand
— It enables countries to achieve export led growth
— It helps mitigate the effects of domestic recession
— It helps to boost exports to earn enough foreign
exchange
49. Promotion of Products/
Services Abroad
Ministry of Commerce, Government of India deals with
the promotion and regulation of the foreign trade of the country. Matters
related to foreign trade are dealt with by eight divisions in the Department of
Commerce, namely:
— Administrative and General Division
— Finance Division
— Economic Division
— Trade Policy Division
— Foreign Trade Territorial Division
— Exports Products Division
— Services Division
— Industries Division