The phenomenon of commuting is largely selective in nature and there is more or less paucity of commuting by a certain segment of population with particular demographic, economic or social traits i.e. age, sex, education, marriage, occupation, income, caste race and religion, etc. . As a general assumption, the males, adults, and the married people are likely more to commute and those with low level of education, medium level of income and with skilled professions, though, the demographic and socio economic differentials in commuting may vary in developed and developing societies depending on their distinct socio economic structure. Commuting selectivity process poses the impacts on both sending and receiving areas. The commuting of workforce with particular qualifications to a region increases the number of that trait in particular area and decreases the number of that segments in dispatching area. Likewise, commuters with high skill of technology and education also diffuse them in their place of work, which later become the base for the development of that particular region. Nazish Naz "Examining the Demographic and Socio-Economic Differentials in Commuting: A Review of Literature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/33540/examining-the-demographic-and-socioeconomic-differentials-in-commuting-a-review-of-literature/nazish-naz
Geographic mobility refers to the movement of populations and goods over time. It can describe migration within a population or between populations, ranging from international migrations to regional commuting. Geographic mobility is influenced by economic, personal, and social factors. It impacts sociological factors in communities and is an area of ongoing academic research.
This document discusses the concept of immigrant transnationalism, which refers to immigrants regularly engaging in economic, political, and socio-cultural activities that span national borders as part of their daily lives. Advances in transportation and communication have enabled more durable and frequent participation by immigrants in their home countries. The document examines drivers of transnationalism like globalization and how contexts of exit and integration shape transnational activities. It finds that transnationalism takes many forms like business investments, remittances, and cultural exchanges. Transnationalism challenges theories that assume immigrants fully integrate into host societies and severs ties with home countries.
This document summarizes a lecture on theories of transnationalism, mobility, and development. It discusses current models linking migration and development, including the "vicious circle" and "virtuous circle" approaches. It proposes a new theoretical approach based on the political economy of development. This approach incorporates international migration into development studies and considers processes of under/over-development as drivers of migration. The document also reviews examples of transnational migrant networks like Ghanacoop and the work of Michael Clemens, who argues true globalization of labor mobility holds solutions for international development.
Cultural value and inequality a critical literature reviewAnika Manocha
This document provides an executive summary and introduction to a literature review on the relationship between cultural value and inequality. The review examines inequality in the consumption and production of culture. It argues that understanding how cultural value functions requires looking at both consumption and production, which have traditionally been studied separately. The review finds an undeniable connection between cultural value and inequality but notes data limitations. It concludes that further research is needed, particularly regarding cultural production, to better understand how the relationship between cultural value and inequality functions in the contexts of both consumption and production.
Nguyen dinh khoa's assignment prof. rod burgess' subjectsNguyễn Khoa
The document discusses the evolution of low-income housing policies in Vietnam and their relationship to development strategies. Early policies focused on subsidized housing but stalled in the 1990s as private housing grew. Recent policies aim to increase low-income housing supply through incentives for private investors like tax breaks. They also assist buyers through long-term loans. The goal is to better meet the needs of Vietnam's growing urban population amid rapid urbanization following economic reforms.
This document analyzes attitudes toward tribes and tribal leaders in Sudan. It finds that almost half perceive their tribal leaders' decisions to be unfair, and many believe men are favored over women. Perceptions of fairness are linked to both individual and local levels of education. Trust in tribal leaders is associated with perceptions of fairness but not perfectly correlated. The provision of local services also shapes attitudes, with a greater impact from services that facilitate economic change versus only benefiting individuals. The researchers use survey data from over 4,700 Sudanese to examine determinants of attitudes toward tribes and fairness of tribal leaders' decisions.
Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement. Geographic mobility is impacted by social forces, economic reasons, and personal preferences, and influences factors like labor supply, female participation, empowerment, and resource allocation. Demand and supply are economic principles that together determine price and quantity in a market. Demand refers to willingness and ability to purchase, while supply refers to quantity produced and offered for sale.
Geographic mobility refers to the movement of populations and goods over time. It can describe migration within a population or between populations, ranging from international migrations to regional commuting. Geographic mobility is influenced by economic, personal, and social factors. It impacts sociological factors in communities and is an area of ongoing academic research.
This document discusses the concept of immigrant transnationalism, which refers to immigrants regularly engaging in economic, political, and socio-cultural activities that span national borders as part of their daily lives. Advances in transportation and communication have enabled more durable and frequent participation by immigrants in their home countries. The document examines drivers of transnationalism like globalization and how contexts of exit and integration shape transnational activities. It finds that transnationalism takes many forms like business investments, remittances, and cultural exchanges. Transnationalism challenges theories that assume immigrants fully integrate into host societies and severs ties with home countries.
This document summarizes a lecture on theories of transnationalism, mobility, and development. It discusses current models linking migration and development, including the "vicious circle" and "virtuous circle" approaches. It proposes a new theoretical approach based on the political economy of development. This approach incorporates international migration into development studies and considers processes of under/over-development as drivers of migration. The document also reviews examples of transnational migrant networks like Ghanacoop and the work of Michael Clemens, who argues true globalization of labor mobility holds solutions for international development.
Cultural value and inequality a critical literature reviewAnika Manocha
This document provides an executive summary and introduction to a literature review on the relationship between cultural value and inequality. The review examines inequality in the consumption and production of culture. It argues that understanding how cultural value functions requires looking at both consumption and production, which have traditionally been studied separately. The review finds an undeniable connection between cultural value and inequality but notes data limitations. It concludes that further research is needed, particularly regarding cultural production, to better understand how the relationship between cultural value and inequality functions in the contexts of both consumption and production.
Nguyen dinh khoa's assignment prof. rod burgess' subjectsNguyễn Khoa
The document discusses the evolution of low-income housing policies in Vietnam and their relationship to development strategies. Early policies focused on subsidized housing but stalled in the 1990s as private housing grew. Recent policies aim to increase low-income housing supply through incentives for private investors like tax breaks. They also assist buyers through long-term loans. The goal is to better meet the needs of Vietnam's growing urban population amid rapid urbanization following economic reforms.
This document analyzes attitudes toward tribes and tribal leaders in Sudan. It finds that almost half perceive their tribal leaders' decisions to be unfair, and many believe men are favored over women. Perceptions of fairness are linked to both individual and local levels of education. Trust in tribal leaders is associated with perceptions of fairness but not perfectly correlated. The provision of local services also shapes attitudes, with a greater impact from services that facilitate economic change versus only benefiting individuals. The researchers use survey data from over 4,700 Sudanese to examine determinants of attitudes toward tribes and fairness of tribal leaders' decisions.
Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement. Geographic mobility is impacted by social forces, economic reasons, and personal preferences, and influences factors like labor supply, female participation, empowerment, and resource allocation. Demand and supply are economic principles that together determine price and quantity in a market. Demand refers to willingness and ability to purchase, while supply refers to quantity produced and offered for sale.
This document summarizes a study on a microfinance program in rural Uganda called Bukonzo Joint Cooperative Microfinance Ltd (BJCMF) that provides integrated services of rural finance, value chain support, and gender capacity building. The program aims to promote women's empowerment and gender equality. It finds that the program is registering dramatic changes in gender equality, like increased women's control of resources and shared household responsibilities. However, to achieve community-wide women's empowerment and gender equality, more integrated efforts are needed in markets and institutions that reinforce gender inequality. The document provides details on the program approaches, services, products, and positive outcomes observed, within the cultural context of serious gender inequality in the study area.
Scope of demography or scope of population studies adamas unbreakable AjeetYadav124
This document discusses the scope of demography and population studies. It covers 7 key areas: 1) size of population, 2) composition of population, 3) distribution of population, 4) fertility, mortality, and migration, 5) labor force, 6) social demography, and 7) population policy. For each area, it describes what is studied, such as changes in population size over time and space, characteristics of populations like age and gender, patterns of migration, labor participation rates, and impacts of family structure and government policies on population trends. The scope of demography is wide-ranging and constantly evolving to explore new research areas.
This document summarizes cultural aspects of contemporary consumer behavior. It begins by defining culture in various ways from different scholars. It then discusses characteristics of culture, such as it being learned, shared, symbolic, adaptive, and integrated. It also discusses cultural dimensions models and compares countries on dimensions like power distance, indulgence, and individualism. It notes critics of cultural dimensions models. Finally, it discusses the relationship between culture and consumer behavior, how lifestyles relate to consumption, the role of global culture and consumer culture, and that transnational brands may appeal to different cultural themes in different countries.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013Geoff Hazell
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
The relevance and symbolism of clothes within traditional institutions and it...Alexander Decker
This document discusses traditional institutions in Ghana and their influence on clothing and culture. It notes that traditional institutions like chieftaincy and religious institutions help uphold cultural values and traditions through their clothing, which often has symbolic meanings. However, there is concern that modern influences are impacting the traditional clothing worn within these institutions. The study aimed to understand the extent of modern influences on clothing within traditional settings in Ghana and the impacts on sustaining traditional costumes. It found that while African clothing is symbolic, it faces pressures from trends in trade, entertainment, and advances in textile technology. Generally, balancing traditional and modern forms of dress is important for Ghanaian development, unity, and shared identity.
Presentation delivered at the Social & Economic Survey Research Institute's International Conference on Survey Research in the Gulf. February 28-March 1, 2011 in Doha, State of Qatar
The document summarizes the findings of Monitoring Month 2017, an initiative that tracked gender and ethnic diversity among speakers at over 380 EU events in Brussels. It found that the proportion of female speakers was 33.8%, unchanged from 2016. All-male panels increased slightly while other diversity metrics saw no significant changes. The best performing sector for gender balance was employment and social affairs at 45.8% female speakers, while foreign affairs had only 24.6% female speakers and no non-white speakers. European Development Days performed best overall while some Commission events had highly imbalanced panels. The results indicate a lack of progress on improving diversity among event speakers in Brussels.
Social Remittances: an alternative approach to development cooperationGeoCommunity
Jana Hasalová: Social Remittances:an alternative approach to development cooperation (paper), Študentská vedecká konferencia Prírodovedeckej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave,
27th April 2011
Proposing Methodological Triangulation for a Study on a Diaspora within a Nat...inventionjournals
People moving out of their native place and settling elsewhere due to certain compulsions become diaspora. At present, the term diaspora is used for describing any group of dispersed population. A diaspora undergoes cultural and economic challenges in a receiving society until a complete assimilation takes place or the collective memory of the original identity decomposes. This is a review paper on the choice of methodology adopted for studying negotiations by a diaspora of such challenges in the relevant international scholarship. The literature review suggests that methodological triangulation is appropriate for this kind of a study.
Gender At Work's associates recommend ten books and articles that have moved them personally, deepened their insight and are incredibly relevant to the organization's work.
The document discusses the gendered dimensions of Filipina migration for work. It notes that migration has become feminized in recent decades as more jobs have opened for women in domestic and care work. However, Filipina migrant workers still face risks like abuse and lack of legal protections. The document also examines how civil society and the Philippine government have constructed representations of Filipina migrants that focus on their roles as caregivers and as upholding family obligations through their financial contributions.
Cultural Evolution Society 2016 Election ResultsJoe Brewer
We are excited to announce the results are in for our inaugural election—with clear winners for each of the 13 positions on the Executive Committee. This report provides an overview of the outcomes with commentary on the global nature of participation for our membership.
The election was held online for a six week period starting on Monday, July 11th and ending August 22nd. We choose this extended period for voting as many of our members engage in summer field research projects and we wanted to be inclusive for those who might be delayed in responding to email notifications inviting them to vote.
After receiving 379 completed ballots, the results are in.
The document summarizes key aspects of the social, cultural, and economic environment in China as it relates to opportunities for Western companies targeting China's child population. It discusses Chinese culture and values, the education system, trends among Chinese children as consumers, and analyses China using cultural frameworks. Market opportunities exist due to China's large population and growing economy, though companies must consider China's cultural context to effectively market products.
Urbanization and the Politics of Identity in Buea A Sociological Perspectiveijtsrd
Urbanization plays a distinct and important role in producing political relationships. Identity politics which is strongly linked to sense of belonging is an important dimension of political relationships in urban areas. This study examines the relationship between urbanization and the politics of identity in Buea. The research is a descriptive documentary research with data collected from secondary sources former studies and reports, newspapers, archival records and internet publications with few interviews. Data collection procedures included reading and note taking. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis whereby concepts and ideas were grouped together under umbrella key words to appreciate the trends in them. The Instrumentalist Theory of Ethnicity was the framework that guided the study. The themes were geared towards outlining how ethnicity has been a tool of political control. Data was gathered from the different epochs that have marked urbanization in Buea, from the Native Authority to the present Buea Rural Council, demonstrating how this has influenced relationships between natives and non natives. Results show that, starting as a colonial town, and most especially with her changing status as the capital successively of German Cameroon, British Southern Cameroons, and West Cameroon, coupled with the fact that she has had to harbour several institutions, Buea has experienced rapid urbanization. It also reveals that, just as colonialism is responsible for rapid urbanization in Buea, it has constructed differences between “us” and the “other” aimed at protecting indigenous minorities. In essence, the thesis demonstrates how the transition of Buea from a rural to an urban settlement has led to several types of relations across identity division, especially between insiders and outsiders as well as among native segments as each strives to dominate the political milieu. Although the non natives are in a demographic majority, they occupy a minority position within the Council. Most especially, the recruitment policy of the Councilfavours natives, to the detriment of non natives. Land restitution and re alienation has ushered in a paradigm shift from tensions between natives and non natives to an era of peaceful co existence. Fanny Jose Mbua "Urbanization and the Politics of Identity in Buea: A Sociological Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33078.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33078/urbanization-and-the-politics-of-identity-in-buea-a-sociological-perspective/fanny-jose-mbua
This document summarizes a research paper on gender equality and development. The paper examines the concept of gender and how gender inequality formed due to changes brought by industrialization. It discusses Marxist and materialist theories that view gender inequality as an outcome of women's roles in domestic labor and men's control over resources in the public sphere under capitalism. The paper argues that the logic and nature of capitalism, with its need to extract wealth and reinvest profits, encouraged the release of women into the labor market to boost consumption and provide cheaper labor, contributing to gender discrimination.
Migration and Types of Migrations involving World migration PatternSadia Rahat
1. Migration involves the movement of people across boundaries and is one of three components of population change, along with births and deaths. It is difficult to measure, model, and forecast compared to fertility and mortality.
2. Migrations can be internal within a country or region, or international across country borders. They can be voluntary or involuntary, and people who migrate are either immigrants or emigrants depending on their departure and destination points.
3. Migrations are selective based on factors like age, sex, family size, occupation, race, and education level. Young adults tend to migrate more than other age groups for jobs, while married people migrate less than unmarried people. Men also tend to migrate more than women.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization. It is within cities that global operations are centralized and many phenomena associated with globalization can be observed, such as changes in employment structures, the formation of powerful partnerships, and the social exclusion of some population groups. Global cities, also called world cities, are primary nodes in the global economic network and display characteristics like headquarters for multinational corporations and financial institutions, a highly educated workforce, and cultural and ethnic diversity. However, critics argue that global cities focus more on connections to other global cities than their own national economies or domestic cities within their countries.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization as centers of global operations where the effects of these activities are most visible. They are primary nodes in the global economic network and are characterized by concentrations of wealth, growing disconnection from their regions, and large marginalized populations. Global cities act as hubs for international finance, trade, media and innovation and have high percentages of residents employed in services and information sectors. Increased globalization has led to centralization of production in urban centers, driving increases in global cities despite criticisms that they neglect domestic economies and cities within nations.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization as centers of global operations where the effects of these activities are most visible. They are primary nodes in the global economic network and are characterized by concentrations of wealth, growing disconnection from their regions, and large marginalized populations. Global cities act as hubs for international finance, trade, media and innovation and have high percentages of residents employed in services and information sectors. Increased globalization has led to centralization of production in urban centers, driving increases in global cities despite criticisms that they neglect domestic economies and cities within nations.
The Implications of Nigera’s Population Structure to Her Economic Growth and ...AJHSSR Journal
This paper made on analytic discourse on the implications of Nigeria’s population structure on
her economic growth and development. The method is descriptive, using previous works and Nigeria’s census
data. Attention was focused on the age-sex structure with the age structure attracting more abundant interest. It
was found that since 1963, data on Nigeria’s population has consistently posted similar trends in the age
structure--a youthful age structure, with over 40% under 15 years, over 50% under 65 years and about 3% over
65 years. The dependency ratio is almost at par with the working population and the sex ratio equally almost par
with males dominating from 0-54 years and females outnumbering from 55 years and above. The bulging
youthful population without adequate employment opportunities and socio-infrastructural facilities has created
large burden on the society. This excess youthful population could be turned into a demographic bonus or gain
which could result to accelerated economic growth for the country if the government can engage the necessary
policy measures and activities as narrated and recommended.
1 Sociology and its relation to planning.pptxssuserc23e44
Sociology examines individuals within social contexts like groups, organizations, cultures and societies. The document discusses several sociological theories and perspectives:
Structural functionalism views society as made up of interrelated parts that meet individuals' needs. Conflict theory sees society as competition over limited resources between social classes. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and how meanings emerge from those interactions. The document also examines topics like migration, urban poverty, gender inequality, and the role of social capital.
This document summarizes a study on a microfinance program in rural Uganda called Bukonzo Joint Cooperative Microfinance Ltd (BJCMF) that provides integrated services of rural finance, value chain support, and gender capacity building. The program aims to promote women's empowerment and gender equality. It finds that the program is registering dramatic changes in gender equality, like increased women's control of resources and shared household responsibilities. However, to achieve community-wide women's empowerment and gender equality, more integrated efforts are needed in markets and institutions that reinforce gender inequality. The document provides details on the program approaches, services, products, and positive outcomes observed, within the cultural context of serious gender inequality in the study area.
Scope of demography or scope of population studies adamas unbreakable AjeetYadav124
This document discusses the scope of demography and population studies. It covers 7 key areas: 1) size of population, 2) composition of population, 3) distribution of population, 4) fertility, mortality, and migration, 5) labor force, 6) social demography, and 7) population policy. For each area, it describes what is studied, such as changes in population size over time and space, characteristics of populations like age and gender, patterns of migration, labor participation rates, and impacts of family structure and government policies on population trends. The scope of demography is wide-ranging and constantly evolving to explore new research areas.
This document summarizes cultural aspects of contemporary consumer behavior. It begins by defining culture in various ways from different scholars. It then discusses characteristics of culture, such as it being learned, shared, symbolic, adaptive, and integrated. It also discusses cultural dimensions models and compares countries on dimensions like power distance, indulgence, and individualism. It notes critics of cultural dimensions models. Finally, it discusses the relationship between culture and consumer behavior, how lifestyles relate to consumption, the role of global culture and consumer culture, and that transnational brands may appeal to different cultural themes in different countries.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013Geoff Hazell
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
The relevance and symbolism of clothes within traditional institutions and it...Alexander Decker
This document discusses traditional institutions in Ghana and their influence on clothing and culture. It notes that traditional institutions like chieftaincy and religious institutions help uphold cultural values and traditions through their clothing, which often has symbolic meanings. However, there is concern that modern influences are impacting the traditional clothing worn within these institutions. The study aimed to understand the extent of modern influences on clothing within traditional settings in Ghana and the impacts on sustaining traditional costumes. It found that while African clothing is symbolic, it faces pressures from trends in trade, entertainment, and advances in textile technology. Generally, balancing traditional and modern forms of dress is important for Ghanaian development, unity, and shared identity.
Presentation delivered at the Social & Economic Survey Research Institute's International Conference on Survey Research in the Gulf. February 28-March 1, 2011 in Doha, State of Qatar
The document summarizes the findings of Monitoring Month 2017, an initiative that tracked gender and ethnic diversity among speakers at over 380 EU events in Brussels. It found that the proportion of female speakers was 33.8%, unchanged from 2016. All-male panels increased slightly while other diversity metrics saw no significant changes. The best performing sector for gender balance was employment and social affairs at 45.8% female speakers, while foreign affairs had only 24.6% female speakers and no non-white speakers. European Development Days performed best overall while some Commission events had highly imbalanced panels. The results indicate a lack of progress on improving diversity among event speakers in Brussels.
Social Remittances: an alternative approach to development cooperationGeoCommunity
Jana Hasalová: Social Remittances:an alternative approach to development cooperation (paper), Študentská vedecká konferencia Prírodovedeckej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave,
27th April 2011
Proposing Methodological Triangulation for a Study on a Diaspora within a Nat...inventionjournals
People moving out of their native place and settling elsewhere due to certain compulsions become diaspora. At present, the term diaspora is used for describing any group of dispersed population. A diaspora undergoes cultural and economic challenges in a receiving society until a complete assimilation takes place or the collective memory of the original identity decomposes. This is a review paper on the choice of methodology adopted for studying negotiations by a diaspora of such challenges in the relevant international scholarship. The literature review suggests that methodological triangulation is appropriate for this kind of a study.
Gender At Work's associates recommend ten books and articles that have moved them personally, deepened their insight and are incredibly relevant to the organization's work.
The document discusses the gendered dimensions of Filipina migration for work. It notes that migration has become feminized in recent decades as more jobs have opened for women in domestic and care work. However, Filipina migrant workers still face risks like abuse and lack of legal protections. The document also examines how civil society and the Philippine government have constructed representations of Filipina migrants that focus on their roles as caregivers and as upholding family obligations through their financial contributions.
Cultural Evolution Society 2016 Election ResultsJoe Brewer
We are excited to announce the results are in for our inaugural election—with clear winners for each of the 13 positions on the Executive Committee. This report provides an overview of the outcomes with commentary on the global nature of participation for our membership.
The election was held online for a six week period starting on Monday, July 11th and ending August 22nd. We choose this extended period for voting as many of our members engage in summer field research projects and we wanted to be inclusive for those who might be delayed in responding to email notifications inviting them to vote.
After receiving 379 completed ballots, the results are in.
The document summarizes key aspects of the social, cultural, and economic environment in China as it relates to opportunities for Western companies targeting China's child population. It discusses Chinese culture and values, the education system, trends among Chinese children as consumers, and analyses China using cultural frameworks. Market opportunities exist due to China's large population and growing economy, though companies must consider China's cultural context to effectively market products.
Urbanization and the Politics of Identity in Buea A Sociological Perspectiveijtsrd
Urbanization plays a distinct and important role in producing political relationships. Identity politics which is strongly linked to sense of belonging is an important dimension of political relationships in urban areas. This study examines the relationship between urbanization and the politics of identity in Buea. The research is a descriptive documentary research with data collected from secondary sources former studies and reports, newspapers, archival records and internet publications with few interviews. Data collection procedures included reading and note taking. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis whereby concepts and ideas were grouped together under umbrella key words to appreciate the trends in them. The Instrumentalist Theory of Ethnicity was the framework that guided the study. The themes were geared towards outlining how ethnicity has been a tool of political control. Data was gathered from the different epochs that have marked urbanization in Buea, from the Native Authority to the present Buea Rural Council, demonstrating how this has influenced relationships between natives and non natives. Results show that, starting as a colonial town, and most especially with her changing status as the capital successively of German Cameroon, British Southern Cameroons, and West Cameroon, coupled with the fact that she has had to harbour several institutions, Buea has experienced rapid urbanization. It also reveals that, just as colonialism is responsible for rapid urbanization in Buea, it has constructed differences between “us” and the “other” aimed at protecting indigenous minorities. In essence, the thesis demonstrates how the transition of Buea from a rural to an urban settlement has led to several types of relations across identity division, especially between insiders and outsiders as well as among native segments as each strives to dominate the political milieu. Although the non natives are in a demographic majority, they occupy a minority position within the Council. Most especially, the recruitment policy of the Councilfavours natives, to the detriment of non natives. Land restitution and re alienation has ushered in a paradigm shift from tensions between natives and non natives to an era of peaceful co existence. Fanny Jose Mbua "Urbanization and the Politics of Identity in Buea: A Sociological Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33078.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33078/urbanization-and-the-politics-of-identity-in-buea-a-sociological-perspective/fanny-jose-mbua
This document summarizes a research paper on gender equality and development. The paper examines the concept of gender and how gender inequality formed due to changes brought by industrialization. It discusses Marxist and materialist theories that view gender inequality as an outcome of women's roles in domestic labor and men's control over resources in the public sphere under capitalism. The paper argues that the logic and nature of capitalism, with its need to extract wealth and reinvest profits, encouraged the release of women into the labor market to boost consumption and provide cheaper labor, contributing to gender discrimination.
Migration and Types of Migrations involving World migration PatternSadia Rahat
1. Migration involves the movement of people across boundaries and is one of three components of population change, along with births and deaths. It is difficult to measure, model, and forecast compared to fertility and mortality.
2. Migrations can be internal within a country or region, or international across country borders. They can be voluntary or involuntary, and people who migrate are either immigrants or emigrants depending on their departure and destination points.
3. Migrations are selective based on factors like age, sex, family size, occupation, race, and education level. Young adults tend to migrate more than other age groups for jobs, while married people migrate less than unmarried people. Men also tend to migrate more than women.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization. It is within cities that global operations are centralized and many phenomena associated with globalization can be observed, such as changes in employment structures, the formation of powerful partnerships, and the social exclusion of some population groups. Global cities, also called world cities, are primary nodes in the global economic network and display characteristics like headquarters for multinational corporations and financial institutions, a highly educated workforce, and cultural and ethnic diversity. However, critics argue that global cities focus more on connections to other global cities than their own national economies or domestic cities within their countries.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization as centers of global operations where the effects of these activities are most visible. They are primary nodes in the global economic network and are characterized by concentrations of wealth, growing disconnection from their regions, and large marginalized populations. Global cities act as hubs for international finance, trade, media and innovation and have high percentages of residents employed in services and information sectors. Increased globalization has led to centralization of production in urban centers, driving increases in global cities despite criticisms that they neglect domestic economies and cities within nations.
Global cities play a central role in the processes of globalization as centers of global operations where the effects of these activities are most visible. They are primary nodes in the global economic network and are characterized by concentrations of wealth, growing disconnection from their regions, and large marginalized populations. Global cities act as hubs for international finance, trade, media and innovation and have high percentages of residents employed in services and information sectors. Increased globalization has led to centralization of production in urban centers, driving increases in global cities despite criticisms that they neglect domestic economies and cities within nations.
The Implications of Nigera’s Population Structure to Her Economic Growth and ...AJHSSR Journal
This paper made on analytic discourse on the implications of Nigeria’s population structure on
her economic growth and development. The method is descriptive, using previous works and Nigeria’s census
data. Attention was focused on the age-sex structure with the age structure attracting more abundant interest. It
was found that since 1963, data on Nigeria’s population has consistently posted similar trends in the age
structure--a youthful age structure, with over 40% under 15 years, over 50% under 65 years and about 3% over
65 years. The dependency ratio is almost at par with the working population and the sex ratio equally almost par
with males dominating from 0-54 years and females outnumbering from 55 years and above. The bulging
youthful population without adequate employment opportunities and socio-infrastructural facilities has created
large burden on the society. This excess youthful population could be turned into a demographic bonus or gain
which could result to accelerated economic growth for the country if the government can engage the necessary
policy measures and activities as narrated and recommended.
1 Sociology and its relation to planning.pptxssuserc23e44
Sociology examines individuals within social contexts like groups, organizations, cultures and societies. The document discusses several sociological theories and perspectives:
Structural functionalism views society as made up of interrelated parts that meet individuals' needs. Conflict theory sees society as competition over limited resources between social classes. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and how meanings emerge from those interactions. The document also examines topics like migration, urban poverty, gender inequality, and the role of social capital.
First record of two spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Fab.) from Meerut...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus female bug lays 25-30 rounded black eggs. Eggs hatch in 5-6 days. The 1st instar nymph lasts for 3.33 days (ranged 3-4 days), however the second instar nymphal period is completed in 3.67 days (ranged 3-4 days), while the 3rd instar takes 4 days (ranged 4 days). The 4th and final instars nymph lasts for 4.67 days (4-5 days), however adult period lasts 6.67 days (ranged 6-7 days). The P. bioculatus was found to complete its life cycle on an average in 22.33 days (ranged 20-24 days) in the laboratory. In a laboratory experiment on feeding potential of different stages of bug showed that a single bug consumed 22.0 grubs (ranged 20-22 grubs) during its life period. This bug is recorded as a limiting factor of Z. bicolorata.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
ReferencesKorgen, K. O., & Atkinson, M. P. (2019). Sociology.docxlorent8
References
Korgen, K. O., & Atkinson, M. P. (2019). Sociology in action (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc..
Ch 5: Migration, Globalization, and Cult…
Previous section
Next section
5
Migration, Globalization, and Cultural Diversity
age fotostock/Superstock
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
· Describe the most common issues or theses that arise within a society as a result of increased diversity.
· Distinguish among the characteristics of migrant workers, immigrants, and diasporas.
· Evaluate factors that contribute to ongoing conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians and discuss the impact of thesefactors on diasporas from that region.
· Explain the historical reasons for the creation of the African diaspora and the diverse cultural composition of that diaspora.
· Synthesize the reasons for social stratification throughout the world and the challenges such stratification poses for the globalsocial environment and the global economy.
· Analyze the relationships among globalization, income inequality, and social stratification.
· Compare concepts of diversity over the past 200 years and forecast future avenues for understanding cultural diversity andindividual differences.
· Differentiate between multiculturalism and pluralism in describing the cultures within a society.Ch 5 Introduction
Previous section
Next sectionIntroduction
Diversity has become a dominant issue in the social, political, and legal environments of American life. The United States, however, is not theonly country with an influx of newcomers into its diverse society. Throughout history, people around the world have traveled from theirhomelands to settle in other geographic regions. The arrival of foreign populations into an established culture compels both recent settlersand existing populations to examine long-held beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors.
Although the specific issues raised by new settlers may vary, common themes emerge as a society becomes more diverse. These themes caninclude:
· the need to understand the meaning of human and cultural diversity in society;
· the favoring of some groups and the oppression of or discrimination against others;
· difficulties in fully understanding and appreciating cultures different from one’s own;
· the ability to balance an appreciation for individuals’ differences while retaining a common and unified culture; and
· the ability to accept and blend diverse and sometimes conflicting norms and values within a nation, state, neighborhood, or family.
Social scientists believe that to understand how these issues play out within a specific culture requires first understanding a culture’shistorical and sociocultural context, as well as the historical and sociocultural context of its new arrivals. Chapter 5 focuses on these commonthemes relative to human diversity and culture around the world.5.1 Migration and Global Diversity
The causes of migration are complex and varied,.
There is a significant mismatch in New Jersey between where large numbers of older residents live and which municipalities are most prepared to accommodate them. This report matches every municipality against four age-friendliness indicators, and analyzes the degree to which New Jersey's older residents are living in places that, from a land-use perspective, are not prepared to accommodate their changing needs.
Demography is the study of human populations and how they change over time due to births, deaths, and migration. For city planners, demographic information from censuses is essential for planning housing, schools, hospitals, transportation, and other infrastructure needs. Population size, density, age distribution, and migration patterns affect what facilities a city requires. Planners must understand population characteristics to adequately plan utilities, amenities, and services for an area's residents. Demographic data helps identify the demand for healthcare, schools, parks and other resources based on a population's size, density, and age profile.
Urban Poverty, Livelihood, and Gender Perceptions and Exper.docxjessiehampson
Urban Poverty, Livelihood, and
Gender: Perceptions and Experiences
of Porters in Accra, Ghana
Muriel Adjubi Yeboah
This paper reports the results of interviews and group dis-
cussions elicited from a sample of forty males and eighty
females who were working as porters in Accra, Ghana. The
purpose of the paper is to generate and analyze new informa-
tion about the nature and experience of poverty among this
group. Porters of both sexes self-report livelihood strategies
are affected by their lack of capital assets. Their perception
of poverty is shaped by culturally accepted traditional beliefs
regarding gender roles and gender ideologies. Further research
is called for to confirm these results, but they already have
implications for national and international policies that seek
to address critical issues of exclusion and inequality.
Introduction
Most poverty studies in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on rural analysis,
with little analysis in urban areas. Part of the reason for this urban neglect
can be attributed to low urbanization rates in Africa. Globally, sub-Saharan
Africa presents the lowest urbanization rate, of 40 percent, but this is pro-
jected to increase to 48 percent by 2030 (UN-Habitat 2009). Recent analysis
of sub-Saharan Africa’s urbanization indicates rapid urbanization rates,
averaging 4.7 percent annually since the 1970s (Akinboye 2004:154). Rural–
urban migration and natural population increase in urban areas are the major
factors contributing to urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa.
Rural areas lack economic development; this is coupled with the
removal of subsidies on agriculture inputs and increased interest rates on
farming credits. These constraints on livelihoods have led to the migration
of young adults into cities seeking jobs and other opportunities. Urban
population growth in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increasing pov-
erty rates in cities (Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones 2002). Estimates by UN-Habitat
show that about 70 percent of all urban residents in sub-Saharan Africa live
in slums (UN-Habitat 2009).The urban poor experience a cash economy,
U
r
b
A
n
P
o
v
e
r
t
Y
, Liv
e
Lih
o
o
d
, A
n
d
G
e
n
d
e
r
: P
e
r
c
e
P
t
io
n
s
A
n
d
e
x
P
e
r
ie
n
c
e
s
o
f P
o
r
t
e
r
s
in
A
c
c
r
A
, G
h
A
n
A
4
4
africa
to
d
A
y
5
6
(3)
overcrowding, low consumption rates, poor environmental sanitation, lack
of security, and high levels of mobility. The outcome of urban growth is the
presence of highly marginalized subpopulations within sub-Saharan Afri-
can cities, with concerns over health and well-being and a feeling of being
excluded from urban environments.
This paper explores the livelihood strategies of a selected urban sub-
population who work as porters. The purpose is to generate and analyze new
information about the nature and experience of poverty among this group.
This analysis is necessary for a better understanding of the pheno ...
Nguyen dinh khoa's assignment prof. rod burgess' subjectsNguyễn Khoa
The document discusses the evolution of low-income housing policies in Vietnam and their relationship to development strategies. Initially after economic reforms in the 1980s, housing policies focused on private development and neglected low-income sectors. Recent policies aim to increase low-cost housing supply through mass construction, tax incentives for developers, subsidized loans for buyers, and restrictions on speculative resales. The government aims to provide more affordable housing while continuing industrialization and urbanization.
The document discusses aging in place and the importance of community transportation options for seniors. It defines aging in place as being able to live safely and independently in one's home regardless of age, income or ability level. Mobility and access to transportation are vital for seniors' health and independence, especially as they age and driving becomes more difficult. As the population of seniors increases, especially in more rural areas with limited transportation, ensuring accessible transportation options will help allow more people to age in their communities and remain active.
The document discusses the challenges faced by youth in transitioning to adulthood in a globalized world. It outlines three types of transitions - school to work, leaving the family home, and transitioning to independent living. Additionally, it discusses four aspects of identity transformation caused by globalization: the development of bicultural identities, increased identity confusion, formation of self-selected cultures, and delayed transitions to adulthood. The challenges faced by Bangladeshi youth include impacts on local culture and industries, as well as risks to traditional values from foreign influences and dominance, though globalization also brings opportunities through access to education, technology and goods.
Youth in Transition: The challenges of generational change in AsiaNishat Zareen
The document discusses the challenges faced by youth in transitioning to adulthood in a globalized world. It outlines three types of transitions - school to work, leaving the family home, and transitioning to independent living. Additionally, it discusses four aspects of identity transformation caused by globalization: the development of bicultural identities, increased identity confusion, formation of self-selected cultures, and delayed transitions to adulthood. The challenges faced by Bangladeshi youth include influences on both culture and opportunities for education and employment, but also threats to local industries and widening inequality.
this presentation will give a basic knowledge about age and sex structure, population pyramid with different countries age-sex structure along with Bangladesh perspective.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33540 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1379
regional planners and policy makers which provide them a
new insight into development and better planning.
Moreover, the consideration of the demographic and socio-
economic differential of the commuters in termsoftheirsex,
age, marital status, educational attainment, and nature of
their employment and their mutual relationships would be
helpful for measuring the level of socio-economic
development.
Therefore, having considered the significanceoftheanalysis
of commuters’ socio-economic characteristics in light of
above said questions, the present study has been
constructed to examine commuters’ caste, religion, literacy
and educational status,householdsize,occupations,monthly
income, working hours etc.
Commuting Differential
The phenomenon of commuting is not common process
rather it is a complex category of mobility which is almost
selective. The daily movement of the personsto work having
some particular demographic, economic or social traits or
qualifications, brought about by selectivity process and
considered separately, is termed commuting selectivity or
differential commuting. It is performed higherandlonger by
a particular group of society in terms of age, sex, marriage,
occupation, income, race, caste and religion. All of these
traits in context of commuting have been discussed as
follows:
Age
Age-selectivity is the major characteristicofcommuting.Itis
a universal fact that most of commuters belong to young-
adult working age-groups. This is an evidence from a vast
studies which exhibits the fact that young and adults are
likely more to commute than that juveniles (below 15 years
of age) or older/senile (above 60) (Simonsahn, 2006;
Sandow, 2008; 2010, Champion et al., 2009; Partridge et al.,
2010; Erikson, 2011; Chandrasekhar, 2011; Dargoy and
Clark, 2012). Rosen bloom, (2006) assessed that women in
the United states still commuted shorterdistancesandtimes
than men, although the gender gap was diminishing. Ageisa
significant parameter of commuting. It is almost universal
that most of commuters belong to young and adult working
age-group. It is because aged people stay at home. They look
after families and non-farm activities and therefore, they
prefer commuting rather than to migrate (Mehbub, 1997).It
may also be due to the fact that many young people continue
to live in their parental home during their 20s because of
free residence and the domesticserviceprovided byparents,
or the inability to find their own dwelling at an affordable
price, and then choose longer commuting distances because
of the difficulty in finding a first job nearby.
Sex
The process of commuting is also sex-selective. Generally,
the males are higher to commute more and longer,andmore
frequent than the females (Madden, 1981; Fox, 1983;
Hanson, 1985; Gordon et al., 1989; Schwanen et al., 2002;
Susilo and Maat, 2007; Vem acker and Witlox, 2011;Groot et
al., 2012; Osth and Lindgren, 2012). The gender differential
in commuting is wider among the developing countriesthan
that of existing in developed countries because of their
weaker socio-economic position and on account of their
societal conventional trends and also due to the prevalence
of social and cultural norms (Mantra, 1981). In developing
countries, problems of connectivity, high cost of
transportation, paucity of work opportunities and lack of
security in cities discourage women to commute from rural
to urban areas. The commuting on shorter distance is
predominated by women but on longer distance commuting
the condition gets reversed when the males have distinct
dominance, but in traditional society both short and long
distance commuting are male dominated. The gender
differential in commuting is greatly influenced by the
presence of children in families. The women tend to
commute shorter when children are present in a household
because of the still traditional larger role in child care by
women (Deding et al., 2009; Ancker and Witlox, 2011).
Among women commuters the probability of long distance
commuting of single women with a dependent child is
lowered by 20 percent than the women without children or
with earning spouses (Champion et al., 2009). The National
Travel Survey 2005 found that in Great Britain men
commute an average of 17 km compared with 10 kms. Men
commute longer than that of women. Among women
commuters, the probability of long-distance commuting of
single woman with dependent child is lowered by 20% than
other women with no dependent child (Champion et al.,
2009).
Marriage
The commuting is also selective largely by marital status of
commuters. The decisions to commute longer or shorter
distance depends on household responsibilities which are
outcome of the marital status of an individual. The married
persons have generally higher responsibilities than those of
unmarried. Thereby, the role in performance of domestic
duties restricts them to commute longer or higheronlyifthe
place of residence is not shifted closer to their work place.
The probability of commuting is higher among the married
workers than theunmarried workersastheunmarriedbeing
not strongly tied with the families often prefer to migrate
rather than to commute. If in some circumstances the
migration is not possible, they shift their residence closer to
their place of work and thus they tendtocommuteshorter.It
has been substantiated by the study of commuting done by
Davanzo(1981), wherein it has been stated that the
unmarried are often more likely to move closer than they
commute long distances because of lower levels of place-
specific investments, both in terms of the direct costs of
moving and psychological costs, compared to married
persons. Another study of one-worker households in the US
showed that married workershadlongerwork tripsthanthe
unmarried (Gordon et al., 1989). This suggests that
unmarried workers are more likely thanmarriedworkersto
change their place of residence to be closer to their
workplace, the result being reduced commuting distances.
The commuting of married womenismoreselectivethanthe
men because of their greater probability of household
responsibilities along with child care, therefore, theycannot
afford to spend as much time commuting as males or single
women (Guest, 1976; Gera and Kuhn, 1981 ; Gordon, 1980) .
Education
The selectivity of commuting is also much selective in term
of educational status of commuters. In developed countries,
the commuters are better educated than the non-
commuters; the similar condition too prevails in developing
societies but only in context of urban-rural commuting
where the commuting selectivitybasedoneducationismuch
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33540 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1380
clearer than the rural-urban commuting. In such condition,
the commuters are found to be highlyeducatedattheirplace
of work than those of having their residence at the same
place. The empirical literature conducted on commuting
finds that a higher level of education is associated with
longer trips in terms of distance (Lee andMcDonald, 2003;
Papnikolaou, Vance and Hedel, 2008). So is with commuting
time, the commuters with high status of educationspend the
more time in commuting as compared to the commuters
with low level of education who often invest less time in
commuting (Lee and McDonald, 2003; Shen, 2005).More
especially, Shen (2000) finds that highly educated people
travel longer while low educated people tend to work
closure to home. In edition it has been urged that highly
educated people have a higher probability to be long
distance commuters (Ohman and Lindgren, 2003).
Occupation
As far as the occupations are concerned, the commuting
seems highly selective as the workers associated to
particular occupational activities commute more than
others. In agrarian society, when the majority of population
is involved in farms activities, the commuting differential in
term of occupation is much clear as the commuting by
skilled, semi-skilled,landlessagricultural labourers,seasonal
labors and those with small size of landholding exceeds that
of cultivators or unskilled workers. Congdon (1983) found
that, in London, white-collar workers were likely to move
from their workplace areas and then commute long
distances. It appears that the more educated and those
persons with high occupational status are more likely than
others to use commuting as a complement to residential
mobility.
Income
Income is widely accepted as a general measure of
development. It is customary to identify whether a region
has been backward or advanced in thelevelsofdevelopment
using the estimates of per capita income. The income of
commuters is also considerable to knowitisfeasibleor notif
a commuter spends more on his regular-journey to work
than his income then he would tend to migrate rather than
commuting. So a question about commuters’ average
monthly income as well total amount spent on commuting
out of total income has been asked.
With regard of income, the commuting is too selective by the
particular income-groups. The workers with very low and
very high level of income are less to commute than those
having the medium level of income. Likewise, the labourers
commute more for higher wages than those comparatively
gaining the lower wages. It may be attributed to fact that the
commuting is itself expensive process which stress the
pressure on commuters’ income;therefore,thecostspent on
commuting requires to be compensated by the earnings of
commuters. This is why the commuters earning very low
income/wages avoid commuting ratherpreferredto work at
place of their residence. Commuters extend their work trips
to obtain high wages and reduce travel times when the
wages fall.
Caste/Race
The commuting by peopleof certaincaste/raceonaccountof
their differences in their socio-economic status is more
selective than the people belonging to a particular
caste/race. It can be supported by the evidences from both
the developed and developing countries. In developing
countries, the strong caste systems prevails where the
certain caste on the basis of their occupation and on the
basis of the ownership of small size of landholding suffer
from the poor economic condition. They also discriminated
in social terms because of their occupations they engagedin.
Therefore, the dissatisfaction of so called backward castes
population arising from caste prejudices existing at place of
domicile compel them to move to another area and thus, the
commuters of lower caste groups are more to commute
outside of their place of origin for livelihood sources than
upper caste groups. Similarly, in developed countries, there
are clear differences in commuting volume of the people of
different races. For example, inUSA,thecommutingpatterns
of whites completely differ from those of the blacks.
Household size
Individuals' decisions about commutingpatternscanalsobe
related to family structure. Generally, in developing
countries, the members of joint families are motivated to be
more and migrate over longer distance being less burdened
by household responsibilities because of the presence of
more responsible older/eldermembersinfamiliestotake off
the duties more sincerely. It, thus, commuting prevailsmore
among the people belonging to medium or small sized
households. Harbison,(1981);assessedthatextendedfamily
networks, especially in developing societies, mayencourage
long distance commuting because of the strength of
emotional ties to other members in the networks. It can be
expected that members of nuclear families, compared to
those of extended families, would bemorelikelytocommute
shorter distances because of the importance of parental
roles; thus they cannot spend much time in commuting.
Conclusions:
Commuting as an outcome of regional differences is in itself
a phenomenon characterized withthedifferentialsincertain
aspects of the people by those it is performed. The
differentials in commuting may beassociatedwithtwotypes
of characteristics of population; the assigned and the
acquired. The act of commuting is obviously dominated by
certain assigned characterized such as age, andsexsuchasit
is reinforced majorly by the young and adult and by the
males being more capable to commute more and furtherbut
among those it is further distinctly selected by particular
group of acquired characteristics such as education,income,
occupations, skill and technical know-how, etc. In fact, the
varying reasons operating at place of origin bring the
differentials ultimatelyincommutingworkersbecausesome
of workers being unable to earn the higher income start
moving the areas having the more chances of more income,
likewise, the people being dissatisfied with present
occupational status due to its arduous nature or lack of
dignity are forced to commute to another place in search of
work in their interested fields. Moreover, the persons with
high level of education go ahead form their domicile to find
the work as per their educational status.Similarly,theskilled
and the persons with special technological know-how also
start to commute towardstheareashavingtheopportunities
in particular field. Therefore, differential in commuting is
much obvious phenomenon which will keep on increasing
with the increase in socio-economic disparities in socio-
economic structure of population.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33540 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1381
References:
[1] Champion, T., Coombes, M., and Brown, D.L.,
(2009).Migration and Longer-Distance Commuting in
Rural England, Regional Studies, 43(10), 1245-1259,
Rout ledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
[2] Chandrasekhar,S.(2011).WorkercommutingBetween
the Rural and Urban: Estimates from NSSO Data. EPW,
Nov.12, Vol. XLVI, No.46, pp. 22-25
[3] Clark, A. E. (2003). Unemployment as a social norm:
psychological evidence from panel data. Journal of
Labor Economics. 21, pp. 323-352.
[4] Clark, William A. V.; van Lierop, W. F. J. (1986).
ResidentialMobilityandHousehold LocationModelling.
Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, vol. I.
Ed.: Nijkamp, Peter. P. – Amsterdam 1986, pp. 97–
132.
[5] Clark, William A.V., Youqin Huang and Suzanne
Withers (2003). Does Commuting Distance Matter?
Commuting Tolerance and Residential Change.
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 33, pp. 199–
221, Elsevier.
[6] Congdon, P. (1983).A model for the interaction of
migration and commuting. Urban Studies, 20, pp . pp.
185-195.
[7] Dargay, J., &Hanly, M. (2003).Travel to Work: an
investigation based on the British Household Panel
Survey. In NECTAR conference (No. 7).
[8] Davanzo, J. (1981).Microeconomic approaches to
studying migration decisions, in:G.F.DeJongandR.W.
Gardner (Eds) Migration Decision Making:
MultidisciplinaryApproachestoMicrolevel Studiesin
Developed and Developing Countries, pp. 90-129
.Oxford: Pergamon Press.
[9] Erikson, U., Misimi, E., &Gallart-Jornet, L. (2011).
Super chilling of rested Atlantic salmon: Different
chilling strategies and effects on fish and fillet
quality. Food Chemistry, 127(4), pp. 1427-1437.
[10] Fox M. B., (1983). Working women and travel: the
access of women to work and community facilities.
Journal of the American Planning Association 49: pp.
156-170.
[11] Gera, Surendra and P. Kuhn (1980).An Empirical
Model of Residential Location andtheJourney-to-Work
in A Metropolitan Area," Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. vol. 14,
pp. 67-77.
[12] Gordon, I. and Lamont, D. (1980). A model of labour
market interdependencies in the London region.
Environment and Planning, 14: pp.237-264.
[13] Gordon, P, Richardson, HW & Jun, M-J (1991).The
Commuting Paradox Evidence from the Top Twenty.'
Journal of the American1 Planning Association, Vol.
57, No. 4, pp. 416-420.
[14] Gordon, Peter, Kumar, A. and Richardson (1989).
Gender Differences in Meteropolitan Travel Behaviour.
Regional Studies, 23. (6) Pp. 499-510.
[15] Gordon, Peter, Kumar, A. and Richardson
(1989).Gender Differences in Meteropolitan Travel
Behaviour. Regional Studies, 23. (6) Pp. 499-510.
[16] Groot S. P. T., Groot H. L. F. and Veneri P. (2012).The
Educational Bias in Commuting Patterns: Micro-
Evidence for the Netherlands. Discussion Papers
Number 12-080/3. Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam.
[17] Guest, A. M. (1979). Patterns of suburban population
growth.1970–75. Demography, 16(3), pp. 401-415.
[18] Hanson, S. and Johnston, I. (1985).Gender Differences
in Work-trip Lengths: Explanations and Implications.
Urban Geography, 6: pp.193-219.
[19] Hanson, S., & Pratt, G. (1991).Job search and the
occupational segregation of women. Annals of the
Association of American Geographers’, 81 (2), pp.
229–253.
[20] Harbison, S. F. (1981). Family structure and family
strategy in migration decision making. In G. F. De Jong
and R. W. Gardner (Eds.), Migration decision making
(pp. 225-251). New York: Pergamon Press.
[21] Lee, B., & McDonald, J. (2003).Determinants of
commuting time and distance for Seoul residents: The
impact of family status on the commuting of women.
Urban Studies, 40 (7), pp. 1283–1302.
[22] Madden, J., & White, M. (1978). Women’s work trips:
An empirical and theoretical overview. In S.
Rosenbloom (Ed.), Wome’n’s travel issues: Research
needs and priorities (pp. 201–204). Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Transportation.
[23] Madden, J. F. (1981). Why women work closer to
home. Urban Studies, 18, pp. 181-194.
[24] Madden, J. F. and L. Chen Chiu (1990). The Wage
Effects of Residential Location and Commuting
constraints on Employed married Women, “Urban
Studies, vol. 27(3), pp.353-369.
[25] Madden, Janice F. and White, M., (1980). Spatial
Implications of Increases in the Female Labor Force: A
Theoretical and EmpiricalSynthesis,"LandEconomics,
vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 432-446.
[26] Mahbub (1986).Population mobility in rural
Bangladesh: The circulation of working people.
[27] Mahbub A.Q.M. (1997). MobilityBehaviourof Working
People in Bangladesh-Rural-Rural and Rural-Urban
Circulation, University of Dhaka: Urban Studies
programme (ISBN: 984-510-012- 0).
[28] Mantra, I.B. (1981).Population Movement in Wet Rice
Communities. GadjahMada University Press,
GadjahMada University, Yogyakarta.
[29] Öhman, M., & Lindgren, U. (2003).Who are the long-
distance commuters? Patterns and driving forces in
Sweden. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography.
[30] Partridge, M., Ali, K. and Olfert, R., (2010).Rural-to-
Urban Commuting: Three Degrees of Integration,
Growth and Change, 41 (2), pp. 303–335.
[31] Rosen bloom(2006).‘Understandingwomenand men’s
travel patterns: The research challenge. InResearchon
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33540 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1382
Women’s Issues in Transportation’, Vol. 1: Conference
Overview and Plenary Papers, Transportation
Research Board Conference Proceedings35,pp.7–28.
Washington DC: National Research Council.
[32] Sandow, E., & Westin, K. (2010).Preferences for
commuting in sparsely populated areas: The case of
Sweden. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2(3/4),
pp. 87-107.
[33] Schwanen, T. &Dijst, M. (2002): Travel-time ratios for
visits to the workplace: the relationship between
commuting time and work duration. Transportation
Re-search A, 36, pp. 573-592.DOI: 10.1016/S0965-
8564(01)00023-4.
[34] Shen, Q. (1998). Location characteristics of inner-city
neighborhoods and employment accessibility of low-
wage workers. Environment and Planning B-Planning
& Design 25(3): pp. 345–365.
[35] Shen, Q., and T. W. Sanchez. (2005). Residential
location, transportation, and welfare-to-work in the
United States: A case study of Milwaukee. Housing
Policy Debate 16(3-4): pp. 393–431.
[36] Simonsohn, U., (2006): New-Yorkers Commute More
Everywhere: Contrast Effects in the Field. Review of
Economics and Statistics, 88, pp. 1-9.