Exam oriented histology slide for oral pathology,bds 3rd year
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This document is about histoslides for oral pathology exams. It was created by Dr. Subhas Middya of the Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital and likely contains microscope slides of oral tissues for students to examine.
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- Leukoplakia presents as a white patch that cannot be scraped off. Erythroplakia appears as a bright red patch. Oral submucous fibrosis causes stiffness of the oral mucosa and trismus.
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This document discusses various chairside investigations that can be performed to examine dental caries and pulp disease. It describes tests such as caries dyes, transillumination, electrical conductance measurement, laser fluorescence, and endoscopy that can detect dental caries. It also discusses pulp vitality tests involving heat, cold, or electricity to determine pulp status. Additional tests mentioned include lactobacillus colony count, Snyder test, and salivary buffer capacity tests to assess caries activity.
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The document discusses anatomical landmarks that are visible on radiographs of the teeth and jaws. It describes radiolucent and radiopaque structures of the tooth and surrounding bone, including the pulp, periodontal ligament space, enamel, dentin, cementum, lamina dura, alveolar bone and crest. It also lists radiolucent and radiopaque landmarks of the maxilla and mandible, such as the maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, mandibular canal, mental foramen and rami. The document is intended to familiarize dental students with normal anatomical structures seen on dental radiographs.
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1. Gingival recession is the exposure of root surface caused by an apical shift in gingival position. It can be classified as visible, hidden, localized, or generalized.
2. Miller and Atkin & Sullivan classified gingival recession defects based on their location and amount of bone loss. Common causes of recession include age, faulty brushing technique, tooth malposition, gingival inflammation, abnormal frenal attachment, and masochistic habits.
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This document discusses red and white lesions of the oral cavity, focusing on oral candidiasis. It describes the various types of oral candidiasis including pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic plaque-type, and median rhomboid glossitis. Predisposing factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment with antifungal medications or surgery, and prognosis are summarized for each type. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis may require long-term antifungal therapy or surgery due to risk of recurrence. Overall prognosis is generally good if predisposing factors can be addressed.
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Precancerous lesions of oral cavity
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- Leukoplakia presents as a white patch that cannot be scraped off. Erythroplakia appears as a bright red patch. Oral submucous fibrosis causes stiffness of the oral mucosa and trismus.
- Risk factors include tobacco use, betel nut chewing, and poor oral hygiene. Histopathological examination is needed for diagnosis. Management involves eliminating risk factors, surgical excision of high risk lesions, and close follow up
Dental Calculus
Calculus forms in layers on teeth through the mineralization of dental plaque. It consists of inorganic minerals like hydroxyapatite and organic components from bacteria and saliva. Factors like diet, age, habits, and saliva composition can affect the rate of calculus formation. Calculus is classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its location relative to the gingiva. Both types consist of calcium phosphate crystals embedded in an organic matrix but subgingival calculus has a higher mineral content. Calculus formation occurs through the precipitation and accumulation of minerals within the matrix over time.
Halitosis
This document provides an overview of halitosis (bad breath), including its classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management. It discusses the role of volatile sulfur compounds and certain bacteria in causing halitosis. Diagnostic tools include organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography, and volatile sulfide monitoring to detect these compounds. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes, such as periodontal disease, dry mouth, dental caries, or systemic conditions. Preventive measures focus on proper oral hygiene and avoiding foods that can cause temporary halitosis.
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The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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