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Exercise Physiology Step 2:  Sports Dietetics
Ex. Phys. Crash Course ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],   = practical application
1. Energy Storage
Energy = ability to do work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ENERGY
Energy Sources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],when oxidized… … re-phosphorylate ADP ADP + P  -> ATP
Where is fuel stored? Adapted from Mcardle, Katch, and Katch. Sports and Exercise Nutrition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005 Muscle : ATP, PCr, Glycogen, IMTG, Carbons from AAs Mitochondria Liver : Glycogen  -> Glucose AAs Blood : Glucose FFA Deaminated AAs Adipose Tissue : TG FA
Where is fuel stored? Adapted from Mcardle, Katch, and Katch. Sports and Exercise Nutrition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005 Muscle : ATP, PCr, Glycogen, IMTG, Carbons from AAs Mitochondria Liver : Glycogen  -> Glucose AAs Blood : Glucose FFA Deaminated AAs Adipose Tissue : TG FA ATP
How much fuel is stored? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This is true even in very lean individuals.
2. Energy Metabolism,    Substrate Utilization,    & Oxygen Transport
Two types of energy metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ATP Production from… Phosphocreatine  Carbohydrate  Fat 10 seconds   1-3 minutes  w/o  Oxygen   Long, requires Oxygen FAST ATP   > 60 minutes  w/  Oxygen   SLOW ATP Short, quick, powerful   Higher intensity    Low intensity Runs out of gas fast   Gas is expensive & limiting  Gas is cheap, never    runs out, speed cap
ATP Production from… Phosphocreatine  Carbohydrate  Fat 10 seconds   1-3 minutes  w/o  Oxygen   Long, requires Oxygen FAST ATP   > 60 minutes  w/  Oxygen   SLOW ATP Short, quick, powerful   Higher intensity    Low intensity Runs out of gas fast   Gas is expensive & limiting  Gas is cheap, never    runs out, speed cap 2 ATP 38 ATP 500 ATP
Practice Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEE YELLOW PAGE AT END OF MANUAL FOR CORRECT ANSWERS.
Practice Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEE YELLOW PAGE AT END OF MANUAL FOR CORRECT ANSWERS.
Rate of ATP Synthesis by Different Energy Systems References:   Miller, W. The Biochemistry of Exercise and Metabolic Adaptation. Brown and Benchmark, 1992  Maughan, R and Burke, L. Sports Nutrition: Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science. Blackwell Science, 2002. ≈   20 Fat Oxidation ≈   200 Anaerobic Glycolysis ≈  450 Phosphocreatine Breakdown µmol per minute per gram of muscle
Substrate utilization… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fuel utilization depends on  EXERCISE  DURATION   Exercise at Constant Intensity % CONTRIBUTION Crossover Concept
Fuel utilization depends on  EXERCISE  INTENSITY   % CONTRIBUTION REST   LOW TO MODERATE   HARD     EXERCISE   EXERCISE FAT CARBS PROTEIN
Phosphocreatine System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anaerobic Glycolysis GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm Glucose is starting point and when oxygen is not present, pyruvate is endpoint. Muscle glycogen enters Glycolysis at G-6-P, skipping first step. NADH + H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria (Krebs Cycle = TCA Cycle = Citric Acid Cycle) Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP ×
Anaerobic Glycolysis GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm Glucose is starting point and when oxygen is not present, pyruvate is endpoint. Muscle glycogen enters Glycolysis at G-6-P, skipping first step. When H atoms are produced more rapidly than NADH and ETC can process, lactate is formed. NADH  +  H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria (Krebs Cycle = TCA Cycle = Citric Acid Cycle) Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP × Lactate
Lactate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?
Lactate Threshold ,[object Object],Training regimens often involve training at a level  > lactate threshold. Typical LT : 70-80% VO 2max  for trained people 50-60% VO 2max   for untrained people.
Practice Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEE YELLOW PAGE AT END OF MANUAL FOR CORRECT ANSWERS.
Aerobic System: Carbs GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm NADH  +  H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP Oxygen H H H H H H H ATP With oxygen present, pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA and into Krebs Cycle.
Aerobic System: Carbs GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm NADH  +  H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP Oxygen H H H H H H H ATP Hydrogen generated from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle enter Electron Transport Chain. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Practice Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEE YELLOW PAGE AT END OF MANUAL FOR CORRECT ANSWERS.
Aerobic System: Fat GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Cytoplasm Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Oxygen ATP E FA FA FA glycerol Triglyceride Beta-oxidation :  FA, which are 16-24 carbons long, are broken down to Acetyl-CoA (2 carbons), fatty acid activation are slow
Aerobic System: Fat GLYCOLYSIS KREBS  CYCLE Cytoplasm Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Oxygen E FA FA FA glycerol Triglyceride Breakdown of TG : Yields lots of carbons, lots of hydrogens, and lots of ATP…460! H H H
Electron Transport Chain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is fat gluconeogenic? ,[object Object],[object Object],Pyruvate (end of glycolysis) Acetyl-Co A (beginning of Krebs cycle)
How does protein enter energy metabolism? ,[object Object],[object Object],KREBS  CYCLE GLYCOLYSIS Acetyl-CoA Amino Acids
Notes on Carbohydrate Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on Carbohydrate Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on Carbohydrate Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on Fat Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes on Fat Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 Keep client’s goals in mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEE YELLOW PAGE AT END OF MANUAL FOR CORRECT ANSWERS.
Notes on protein use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Amino Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Some may become essential in certain scenarios…
Bottom line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gender differences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Muscle Fiber Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other oxygen-related exercise terminology  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Enzymes & Hormones
Enzymes ,[object Object]
Enzymes you should know ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hormones ,[object Object]
Hormones you should know ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hormones you should know ,[object Object],[object Object]
4. Response to Training
Response to training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5. Fatigue
Fatigue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],BONK!

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Ex Phys Crash Course 2009 Powerpoint Show

  • 1. Exercise Physiology Step 2: Sports Dietetics
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  • 6. Where is fuel stored? Adapted from Mcardle, Katch, and Katch. Sports and Exercise Nutrition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005 Muscle : ATP, PCr, Glycogen, IMTG, Carbons from AAs Mitochondria Liver : Glycogen -> Glucose AAs Blood : Glucose FFA Deaminated AAs Adipose Tissue : TG FA
  • 7. Where is fuel stored? Adapted from Mcardle, Katch, and Katch. Sports and Exercise Nutrition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005 Muscle : ATP, PCr, Glycogen, IMTG, Carbons from AAs Mitochondria Liver : Glycogen -> Glucose AAs Blood : Glucose FFA Deaminated AAs Adipose Tissue : TG FA ATP
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  • 9. 2. Energy Metabolism, Substrate Utilization, & Oxygen Transport
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  • 11. ATP Production from… Phosphocreatine Carbohydrate Fat 10 seconds 1-3 minutes w/o Oxygen Long, requires Oxygen FAST ATP > 60 minutes w/ Oxygen SLOW ATP Short, quick, powerful Higher intensity Low intensity Runs out of gas fast Gas is expensive & limiting Gas is cheap, never runs out, speed cap
  • 12. ATP Production from… Phosphocreatine Carbohydrate Fat 10 seconds 1-3 minutes w/o Oxygen Long, requires Oxygen FAST ATP > 60 minutes w/ Oxygen SLOW ATP Short, quick, powerful Higher intensity Low intensity Runs out of gas fast Gas is expensive & limiting Gas is cheap, never runs out, speed cap 2 ATP 38 ATP 500 ATP
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  • 15. Rate of ATP Synthesis by Different Energy Systems References: Miller, W. The Biochemistry of Exercise and Metabolic Adaptation. Brown and Benchmark, 1992 Maughan, R and Burke, L. Sports Nutrition: Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science. Blackwell Science, 2002. ≈ 20 Fat Oxidation ≈ 200 Anaerobic Glycolysis ≈ 450 Phosphocreatine Breakdown µmol per minute per gram of muscle
  • 16.
  • 17. Fuel utilization depends on EXERCISE DURATION Exercise at Constant Intensity % CONTRIBUTION Crossover Concept
  • 18. Fuel utilization depends on EXERCISE INTENSITY % CONTRIBUTION REST LOW TO MODERATE HARD EXERCISE EXERCISE FAT CARBS PROTEIN
  • 19.
  • 20. Anaerobic Glycolysis GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm Glucose is starting point and when oxygen is not present, pyruvate is endpoint. Muscle glycogen enters Glycolysis at G-6-P, skipping first step. NADH + H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria (Krebs Cycle = TCA Cycle = Citric Acid Cycle) Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP ×
  • 21. Anaerobic Glycolysis GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm Glucose is starting point and when oxygen is not present, pyruvate is endpoint. Muscle glycogen enters Glycolysis at G-6-P, skipping first step. When H atoms are produced more rapidly than NADH and ETC can process, lactate is formed. NADH + H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria (Krebs Cycle = TCA Cycle = Citric Acid Cycle) Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP × Lactate
  • 22.
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  • 25. Aerobic System: Carbs GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm NADH + H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP Oxygen H H H H H H H ATP With oxygen present, pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA and into Krebs Cycle.
  • 26. Aerobic System: Carbs GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Glycogen Cytoplasm NADH + H Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate ATP Oxygen H H H H H H H ATP Hydrogen generated from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle enter Electron Transport Chain. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
  • 27.
  • 28. Aerobic System: Fat GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Cytoplasm Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Oxygen ATP E FA FA FA glycerol Triglyceride Beta-oxidation : FA, which are 16-24 carbons long, are broken down to Acetyl-CoA (2 carbons), fatty acid activation are slow
  • 29. Aerobic System: Fat GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Cytoplasm Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Mitochondria Glucose Oxygen E FA FA FA glycerol Triglyceride Breakdown of TG : Yields lots of carbons, lots of hydrogens, and lots of ATP…460! H H H
  • 30.
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  • 46. 3. Enzymes & Hormones
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  • 52. 4. Response to Training
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