This document discusses threats to biodiversity such as habitat loss from deforestation, wetland destruction, and fragmentation for agriculture, development, and raw materials. Poaching of wildlife for traditional use, commercial trade, and illegal wildlife products also reduces biodiversity. Man-wildlife conflicts have increased due to competition over limited resources from agricultural expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure development. Solutions proposed include strengthening biodiversity laws, adjusting cropping patterns and compensation schemes, and providing food and water for wildlife.

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EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (191CYM201T)
PRESENTED BY:
SANGEETHA.M (310622106131)
SRIVATCHAN.D (310622106155)
STEPHEN RAJ .C (310622106158)
UDHAYA KUMAR.S (310622106171)
VANATHI.S (310622106173)
VARSHA H (310622106174)
VISHAL.S (310622106182)

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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY:
THE WASTE GENERATED DUE TO INCREASE
IN HUMAN POPULATION AND
INDUSTRIALISATION ,SPOILS THE
ENVIRONMENT AND LEADS TO MORE
DIVERSITY IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIES
BIODIVERSITY:
BIO-"LIFE"
DIVERSITY-"VARIETY"
CAUSES

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CAUSES FOR LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY:
HABITAL LOSS
 1.DEFORESTATION : agricultural , or developmental project disintegrate the species
 2.DESTRUCTION OF WETLANDS: draining, filling huge biodiversity loss
 3.HABITAL FRAGMENTATION: habitat divided into small and scattered patches wild
animals and birds are vanishing

Habitat destruction is currently
ranked as the primary causes
of species extinction world
wide

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4.RAW MATERIAL: production of raw material(hybrid) plants gets extinct
 5.PRODUCTION OF DRUGS: pharmaceutical (drugs) medicinal plants are on
the verge of extinction
 6.ILLEGAL TRADE: export reduces biodiversity and habitat loss
 7.DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES: construction in forest ,discharge industrial
effluents kill the birds and aquatic organisms

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POACHING OF WILDLIFE
MEANS KILLING OF ANIMALS OR
COMMERCIAL HUNTING
1.SUBSISTENCE POACHING : to provide
enough food for their survival
2.COMMERCIAL POACHING :to sell their
produts
POACHING IS NOT LIMITED TO ANIMALS ITS
ALSO FOR PLANTS TOO...
GALAX,BLACK COHOSH AND GINSENG

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Factors influencing poaching:
1.human population:led to pressure on forest resources degradation of wildlife
habitats.
2.commercial activities: through international ban, trading of wildlife products is highly
profit, so poaching encouraging the poachers to smuggle it to other countries

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EXAMPLES
 MALE GORILLA: In Brazil and Zaire heads, body parts, hands
 BLUE MORPHO BUTTERFLY: In Brazil attractive trays and other objects
 SNOWY LARGE EQRET: In US White plumes
 ELEPHANT: Killed for ash trays and ivory.
 BENGAL TRIGERS: Its fur sell iis more than $1,00,000
 BUSH MEAT: Important protein for west and central africa

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 Wild life products : furs, horns, tasks, live specimens ,herbal products
 Wealth life wildlife: developing nations in Asia ,Latin America and Africa have
richest source of biodiversity .
 Importers of wild life: rich countries like Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong are
the major importer of wildlife product.

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MAN-WILDLIFE
CONFLICTS
WHEN WILDLIFE STARTS CAUSING IMMENSE DAMAGE AND DANGER
TO MAN .
INCREASE IN MAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT IS DUE TO RESOURCE
LIMITATION LIKE *SPACE *FOOD *SHELTER
CAUSES IMPACTS OF HWC
1.agricultural expansion 1.grave injuries,loss of life
2.urbanization 2.damage to farms and crops
3.climate change 3.violence against animals
4.infrastructure development

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Examples for man- wildlife conflicts

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FACTORS INFLUENCING MAN-
ANIMAL CONFLICTS
 SHRINKING OF FOREST
 HUMAN ENCROACHMENT INTO THE FOREST
 ELECTRIC WIRING AROUND THEIR CROP FIELDS
 GARBAGE NEAR FOREST AREA
 ELECTRIC WIRING AROUND THEIR CROP FIELDS
 CASH COMPENSATION PAID BY GOVERNMENT IS NOT
ENOUGH

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REMEDY
 STOP-ILLEGAL HUNTING AND TRADE OF ANIMALS PRODUCTS
 STO-PURCHASE ITEAMS MADE OF ANIMAL
 BIODIVERSITY LAWS SHOULD BE STRENGTHENEND
 CROPPING PATTERN SHOULD BE CHANGED NEAR FOREST
 ADEQUATE CROP AND CATTLE COMPERSATION SCHEMES
MUST BE STARTED
 PROVIDE FOOD AND WATER TO WILDLIFE

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REFERENCE
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BY
DR.A.RAVIKRISHNA ,SRI KRISHNA HITECH PUBLISHING
COMPANY
 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/04/threats-
biodiversity
 https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Environ
mental_Science_(Ha_and_Schleiger)/03%3A_Conse
rvation/3.02%3A_Threats_to_Biodiversity
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