This presentation traces the evolution of cinema through different eras, from its origins with early inventors creating devices to generate moving images, to the establishment of full narrative films and movie studios in the Silent Era. Sound was introduced in the 1930s-1960s, and films became more explicit in the 1970s-1980s as censorship rules relaxed. The 1980s saw the rise of home video and blockbuster films, while the 1990s saw the growth of independent cinema alongside large special effects films, with new technologies further enhancing the home viewing experience.

1. PRESENTATION BY
NUSRAT AZEEMA

2. CONTENTS
• HISTORY
•EVOLUTION OF CINEMA
VIA DIFFERENT ERAS.
• SILENT ERA ( BIRTH OF CINEMA)
•SOUND ERA ( 1930- 1960)
• POST CLASSICAL ERA ( 1970-1980)
•BLOCKBUSTER/ SEQUEL ERA ( 1980-
1990)
• INDEPENDENT ERA ( 1990-PRESENT)

3.  EARLY FILMS IS A RESULT OF
INVENTORS NOT ARTISTS .
 ZEOTRO IS A CIRCULAR DRUM WITH
SLITS WHICH ALOWS MOMENTS OF
DARKNESS. IT CREATES ILLUSION OF
MOVEMENT. IT WAS CREATED BY
WILLIAM HORNER IN 1834.
 HAD TO HAVE
PHOTOGRAPHY BEFORE
MOTION PICTURE

4. • 1816 - Nicephore Niepce made first
photographic images.
•1839 - Louis Daguerre created clear,
sharp images on silver copperplate.
•Required 15 minutes exposure time.
•1841 - Only 3 minutes needed for
exposure

5. Eadweard Muybridge
•1872 - Set up 12
cameras along a
track, tied strings to
the shutters which
were tripped as the
horse ran down the
track.
•Created movement
with photography.

6. •1884
•Developed celluloid
film.
•Originally created for
the still camera, it made
motion pictures
possible.
•Flexible and allows
light to pass through.

7.  FIRST MOVIE STUDIO : BLACK
MARIA

8.  PROJECTION: ITS ROOTS GO AS FAR AS
1646.
 Father Athanasius Kircher
made drawings of a box
that could reproduce an
image through a lens.
 Ancestor of present day
slide projector.

9. •First theater opens to
the paying public.
•Basement of a Paris
café.
•Lumieres’ show:
•Workers leaving the
Lumiere Factory.
•Arrival at Lyon.
•A Baby’s Meal

10. THE CINEMA HASN’T BEEN THE
SAME AS IT IS NOW. IT HAS BEEN
EVOLVING SINCE ITS BIRTH.
SO, WE HAVE DIVEDED THIS
EVOLUTION PROCESS INTO
DIFFERENT ERAS.

11. For the first twenty years of motion picture
history most silent films were short--only a
few minutes in length. At first a novelty,
and then increasingly an art form and
literary form, silent films reached greater
complexity and length in the early 1910's

12. • BIRTH OF NATION
• THE LAST LAUGH
• CITY LIGHTS
• MODERN TIMES
• ALL QUIET ON WESTERN FRONT

14. DURING THE FILM THE ACTOR
AL JLSON SHOWED HIS SINGING TALENT
IN 50s THE CINEMA MADE A BIG JUMP: IT WAS
PROJECTED IN COLURES AND THE SOUND
TURNS IN ESTEREO

16. The New Hollywood' and 'post-classical cinema'
are terms used to describe the period following
the decline of the studio system during the
1950s and 1960s and the end of the production
code. During the 1970s, filmmakers increasingly
depicted explicit sexual content and showed
gunfight and battle scenes that included graphic
images of bloody deaths.

18. During the 1980s, audiences began
increasingly watching movies on their home
VCRs. In the early part of that decade, the
movie studios tried legal action to ban home
ownership of VCRs as a violation of copyright,
which proved unsuccessful. Eventually, the
sale and rental of movies on home video
became a significant "second venue" for
exhibition of films, and an additional source of
revenue for the movie companies.

20. The early 1990s saw the development of a
commercially successful independent cinema in the
United States. Although cinema was increasingly
dominated by special-effects films such as
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) and Titanic
(1997), independent films like Steven Soderbergh's
sex, lies, and videotape (1989) and Quentin
Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992) had significant
commercial success both at the cinema and on
home video.

21. The documentary film also rose as a commercial genre
for perhaps the first time, with the success of films such
as March of the Penguins and Michael Moore's
Bowling for Columbine and Fahrenheit 9/11. A new
genre was created with Martin Kunert and Eric Manes'
Voices of Iraq, when 150 inexpensive DV cameras were
distributed across Iraq, transforming ordinary people
into collaborative filmmakers. The success of Gladiator
lead to a revival of interest in epic cinema. Home
theatre systems became increasingly sophisticated, as
did some of the special edition DVDs designed to be
shown on them. The Lord of the Rings trilogy was
released on DVD in both the theatrical version and in a
special extended version intended only for home
cinema audiences.