The document provides a detailed timeline and overview of the history of film and the horror genre from the late 19th century to present day. It begins with some of the earliest films from the 1870s and discusses the development of film technology and genres through each subsequent decade. Key developments discussed include the introduction of sound and color films in the 1920s-1930s, the rise of blockbuster films and special effects in the 1970s-1980s, and the increasing popularity of franchises and digital technology in the 2000s. The document also provides a separate section summarizing the origins and evolution of the horror genre in mythology, literature, radio, television, and cinema throughout the 20th century.
This presentation was created in 2009 for a high school film production class and updated in 2020. It provides a visual accompaniment to a classroom lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition including projectors and projection techniques.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition. Projectors and projection techniques are featured.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
This presentation was created in 2009 for a high school film production class and updated in 2020. It provides a visual accompaniment to a classroom lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition including projectors and projection techniques.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition. Projectors and projection techniques are featured.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
Part 3 of 4
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the introduction of sound through the end of the studio system with an aside about the McCarthy hearings of the 1950's.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link: https://youtu.be/S_KiKhAS9pA Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
Part 4 of 4
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the introduction of color through the end of the studio system and the impact of television.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link: https://youtu.be/WM8AJTdKRpE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
Part 3 of 4
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the introduction of sound through the end of the studio system with an aside about the McCarthy hearings of the 1950's.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link: https://youtu.be/S_KiKhAS9pA Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
Part 4 of 4
This presentation was designed for a high school film production class - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the introduction of color through the end of the studio system and the impact of television.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link: https://youtu.be/WM8AJTdKRpE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
Meet Dinah Mattingly – Larry Bird’s Partner in Life and Loveget joys
Get an intimate look at Dinah Mattingly’s life alongside NBA icon Larry Bird. From their humble beginnings to their life today, discover the love and partnership that have defined their relationship.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Experience the thrill of Progressive Puzzle Adventures, like Scavenger Hunt Games and Escape Room Activities combined Solve Treasure Hunt Puzzles online.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Hollywood Actress - The 250 hottest galleryZsolt Nemeth
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Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
The teleprotection market size has grown
exponentially in recent years. It will grow from
$21.92 billion in 2023 to $28.11 billion in 2024 at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.2%. The
teleprotection market size is expected to see
exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow
to $70.77 billion in 2028 at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0%.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Create a Seamless Viewing Experience with Your Own Custom OTT Player.pdfGenny Knight
As the popularity of online streaming continues to rise, the significance of providing outstanding viewing experiences cannot be emphasized enough. Tailored OTT players present a robust solution for service providers aiming to enhance their offerings and engage audiences in a competitive market. Through embracing customization, companies can craft immersive, individualized experiences that effectively hold viewers' attention, entertain them, and encourage repeat usage.
2. History of Film
In 1878, The Horses in Motion by
Eadweard Muybridge was one of the
first films to be created. Muybridge
began making the film by placing a
series of cameras along a race track
which photographed a horse in fast
motion. Fast motion is when a film
frame is shot at a much slower speed
than it would be played at in which by
using this Muybridge’s imagery allows
details to be picked out which the
human eye cannot notice as a faster
speed.
The series of photos made a short film
strip which shows that all four hooves
do leave the ground at the same time.
This film today still remains as one of
the earliest forms of videography.
3. The Silent Era
The silent era ran from 1894 to 1929 in which instead of using diegetic sounds
such as dialogue, silent films relied heavily on exaggerated gestures or facial
expressions from the actors to tell the story. Incidental music also became an
essential for adding atmosphere to a silent film whilst also indicating what emotion
is being portrayed to an audience. Earlier silent films that were shown at public
venues usually had a live musician to improvise the music on a piano or organ.
The Great Train Robbery was
the first silent film to be
released in 1903. It’s release
introduced new editing
techniques to the rising film
industry by being the first to
employ parallel editing. This is
where the film cuts between
two different scenes that are
happening at the same time.
Video – The Great Train Robbery (1903)
4. BBC The Magic of
Movie Editing
Early film makers simply took photos of what that interested them in which
they would turn these images into a film that would continuously play. For
example, The Life of an American Fireman tells a story from one continuous
narrative.
Editing can have various effects on a film such as slowing down or speeding
up time which can create various audience reactions. This shows how length
of shots can change an audience’s response to a scene.
Editor D.W Griffith was one of the first to employ the use of the close-up shot
as well as parallel editing and flashbacks in 1915.
The editing process was known as the “invisible art” as editors tried to making
transitions so smooth that audiences would forget that a scene is changing.
Editing rules were originally quite strict, timings were very specific, scenes
would typically change through a dissolve and camera shots would often
change in a logical order. Breathless (1960) was first to break these strict
rules.
Computer technology today allows editing to be a quicker process. By using
visual characters, editors can now directly change aspects on screen
changing the original image to something new.
5. First Feature Films
Produced by Warner Brothers, The Jazz
Singer (1927) was the first feature length
film to be released that combined music
and part dialogue following the silent era.
The film used a system called Vitaphone
which meant that when the film was
shown on a projector, the dialogue and
music could be played in sync with
actions of the characters on screen.
Some consider The Jazz Singer as a
musical due to it only having a few
minutes of dialogue however it holds a
significant place within film history
because it was the first “talkie” film to be
introduced to the industry.
In 1928, Warner Brothers released Lights
of New York which was the first all talking
feature film.
6. 1930’s
The 1930’s film industry has been labelled as
“the Golden Age of Hollywood.” The silent era
had ended after many silent actors decided not
to make the transition into talking films and film
genres such as horror, western, comedy,
musicals and gangster had the opportunity to
further develop.
Colour movies were also invented in the 30’s
with the first colour, short live-action film being
La Cucaracha (1934) and Becky Sharp (1935)
was the first full length feature film to use the
latest colour technology, Technicolor.
Walt Disney’s Snow White & The Seven Dwarfs
(1937) was the first feature length animation
film to use colour.
Other popular film of the 1930’s -
Wizard of Oz (1939) and Gone With The Wind
(1939).
7. 1940’s
Technology in the 1940’s began to advance.
The use of colour, sound recording, lighting
and special effects made films more
watchable as they appeared modern.
During the war years, many media
platforms used the war as a subject for their
products and so did the film industry. In
particular, British audiences wanted more
realistic films and as a result British studios
began producing documentaries and war
films, for example Casablanca in 1942.
A style called “Film Noir” became popular
during the 40’s. In French, “noir” translates
to black which reflects the series of dark
films which was created. This style was
typically used for crime dramas and
employed the use of low key black and
white lighting to produce strong shadows as
well as using tilted camera angles. This
created darker films not just visually but
reflected darker content and themes.
8. 1950’s
In the 1950’s, the introduction of television
became a threat to the film industry as
cinemas saw attendance rates begin to
drop because black and white television
was more affordable than going to the
cinema. In an attempt to gain their
audience back the film industry made
bigger and better films by ensuring they
were made in colour, shown on bigger
screens, showed pictures of a higher
quality and some in 3D.
Rock and roll became popular in cinemas
during the 50’s which introduced a new
teenage market to the film industry which
was disapproved by older audience who
had previously seen realistic war films.
Young audiences wanted to see exciting
new stars which included Marilyn Monroe
and James Dean.
9. 1960’s
Film audiences continued to decline as
television became more powerful and
dominant. As a result the film industry began
to struggle financially. After the introduction
of colour television in 1936, film companies
decided to expand their forms of
entertainment and reach their audiences by
creating records, TV films and programmes.
Rock and roll continued into the 1960’s with
the USA gaining interest in British
music, fashion and culture. The film industry
acted upon this by producing comedy
documentaries and musical films, the most
popular featured The Beatles.
Film technology continued to develop in the
60’s, the introduction of “liquid gate printing”
provided a brighter, clearer picture by filling in
any scratches on the film reel.
10. 1970’s
After financial difficulty in the 50’s and
60’s the industry started to release
summer blockbusters to increase profits.
Summer films such as Jaws (1975) and
Star Wars (1977) were successful for the
film industry as they appealed to mass
audiences and therefore increased
Jaws Trailer (1975)
income.
Films within the 70’s became more
creative due to restrictions on
language, violence, adult content and
sexuality becoming less strict.
VHS players in 1977 meant that films
could be bought and watched at
home, this had a positive impact on
independent film makers as through
marketing, their products could gain
attention. Alternatively, cinema
audiences would decline again due to
consumers staying at home.
Star Wars VHS (1977)
11. 1980’s
Blockbuster films became increasingly
popular in the 1980’s with the biggest films
being released either during the summer or
around the Christmas period. Through
successful marketing, blockbuster film’s made
a larger profit as bigger audiences attended
cinemas. Special effects had also
ET: The Extra Terrestrial (1982) progressed, the use of CGI was now available
to films in which this allowed the science-
fiction genre to gain more attention as exciting
characters could be created such as ET: The
Extra Terrestrial (1982) which was the top
grossing film of the decade.
Furthermore, sound tracks were of higher
quality meaning that more atmosphere could
be created in a film.
Cable TV, broadcasting satellites, and VHS
tapes allowed film distribution to become
more varied. This meant that films could reach
audiences at home as well as at the cinema.
Ghostbusters (1984)
12. 1990’s
In the 1990’s changes began to occur within
major film studios. Warner Communications
formed with Time to form Time Warner with
Warner Brothers making working in film and
television. Viacom bought film company
Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks was
formed in 1997 with their first feature film,
The Peacemaker. Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)
Also in 1997, the first DVD’s were released
which not only had better picture and sound
quality but interactive features. This meant
that home viewing of films was still more
popular than attending cinema releases.
Summer and Christmas blockbusters
however were still popular in the 90’s. Films
such as Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Forrest
Gump (1994) and Titanic (1997) were
successful not only because of the quality of
the film but because of successful marketing
and merchandise raising awareness of their
releases. Sequel's became more common
too, with the most popular of the 90’s being
Toy Story 2 and Batman Returns.
Titanic (1997)
13. 2000’s
This decade is known as the era of
franchises as series of films became
extremely successful. Most franchise films
were based on existing products such as
novels, or comic books. Franchise films of
this decade include Spider Man, Harry
Potter, Pirates of the Caribbean, Lord of the
Rings and the Twilight Saga.
During this decade, films found a niche to
Pirates of the Caribbean Franchise market films online through social
networking (Twitter, Facebook…) Examples
include the final Harry Potter series
releasing exclusive posters on Twitter and
The Twilight Saga setting up its own
Facebook page.
In 2005, the latest 3D technology, RealD,
was introduced to cinemas which helped to
produce 3D images in brighter colours and
sharper details.
The film industry was dominated by 6 major
companies. These were Time Warner, 20th
Century Fox, Paramount, Sony, Walt Disney
and Universal. This reflects how the film
industry is an example of an oligopoly as
Harry Potter Franchise several companies dominate the market.
14. History of…
THE HORROR GENRE
“An overwhelming painful feeling
caused by something frightful,
shocking, or terrifying.”
15. Mythology
Some of the earliest forms of horror began in
mythology. Stories from Greek mythology
created a sense of fear through the characters
that were created. For example, Medusa being
a character with snakes for hair, and would turn
people to stone created a sense of terror in
those who would hear the story.
The Romans also had myths based within the
horror genre in which some of their stories
about monsters have been made into novels.
For example, the first version of Frankenstein
by Mary Shelley was written in 1818 in which
this novel created a new style of writing for
rising authors and introduced wider audiences
to the horror genre.
16. Horror in Literature
The horror genre has early links within gothic
literature. People would read novels and plays of
the gothic genre for a sense of entertainment
though fear, horror and terror. The first author to
write a text within the gothic genre was Horace
Walpole in 1764 with his novel The Caste of
Otranto. The text involved the supernatural and
used female characters as victims which was
frightening to Victorian audiences.
Gothic Literature has allowed horror to develop
sub-genres, including :-
• Victorian Gothic – Enforces setting, supernatural, and has romantic sub-plot.
• Visceral Horror – Shows blood and gore as source of horror.
• Supernatural Horror – Involves zombies, vampires, ghosts…
• Clerical Horror – Associated with religion.
• Sci-Fi Horror – Uses science to explain source of horror.
• Lovecraftian Horror – Involves outer-space.
• Apocalyptic Horror – Uses end of the world as source of horror.
• Psychological Horror – Plays with the mind, beliefs and guilt.
17. Radio Horror
Radio was an early platform used to tell
horror stories. One of the most successful
radio horrors was The Witch’s Tale which ran
from 1931 to 1938. The series was hosted by
Old Nancy, a Salem witch, who would
introduce audiences to a new tale each
week. Sometimes the stories told would be
based on existing tales such as Frankenstein
or The Flying Dutchman. Topics covered in
radio shows varied from creating fantasy
monsters, ghosts, and looking at the darker
side to human behaviour.
Playing horror on the radio was popular
because it allowed audiences to use their
imagination and to picture themselves in the
story rather than seeing it on film. Using
powerful music, sound effects and having
good timing allowed radio horror to be
extremely successful.
18. Television Horror
The television wasn’t necessarily known as a
platform for playing programmes of the horror
genre. Due to the success of radio horror and
cinema releases, television horror struggled to
get air time as many programmes failed to
create the atmosphere that was need for a
successful horror on a small screen.
Despite this, the horror genre was able to
expand through the television with
programmes such as The Twilight Zone (1959
to 1964) and gothic television series, Dark
Shadows (1966 to 1971) introducing
supernatural elements to horror such as
vampires, werewolves, and aliens.
The Vampira Show is an early example of an
American television horror which was aired
late at night and took influences from radio
horror by having a host to introduce each
episode.
19. History of…
HORROR FILMS
“A film which unsettling, striking
an emotion of fear, disgust and
horror from an audience.”
20. Early Horror Films
Many of the early horror films were based upon
existing novels and have links within myths and
folklores. For example, 1922
film, Nosferatu, was based upon Dracula by
Bram Stoker and was the first vampire horror
film. Important features of the horror genre such
as shadows, and various lighting were often
difficult to capture in early horror films due to the
limited technology available.
Although some of the earlier horror films may not
seem as frightening to modern audiences as
The Golem (1920)
they once were, the codes and conventions
used are still relevant to modern horror films.
Furthermore, the role of incidental music in
these early films shows how these silent horrors
have been influential in making music one of the
most important conventions of the horror genre.
Nosferatu (1922)
21. Development of Horror Films
Horror films of the 1930s’s to 1950’s were often low budget films, and
usually comical to try and entice the teenage audience. Even though these
films may not be considered as scary today, they were a form of escapism
for audiences who were living in difficult times.
Films of the 50’s created their horror though science and technology with
fictional creatures and monsters being a source of fear for consumers.
1960’s horror films became more controversial as many took risks by
displaying more graphic detail and violence. This style of film
foreshadowed the rise of slasher films in the 70’s. The theme of the
supernatural also gained attention in the 60’s as a series of ghost films
were released. These were popular because the black and white picture
and little special effects allowed audiences to be scared by their
imagination.
The late 70’s and 80’s saw slasher films become increasingly popular with
films such as Nightmare on Elm Street and Friday 13th being extremely
successful.
1990’s horror films were extremely varied, from psychological horrors to
more violent films. Ideas for new horrors in 90’s started to become limited
so filmmakers tried update previous classics by remaking films such as
Dracula and Frankenstein.
22. Modern Horror Films
By 2005,the horror genre was extremely
popular as audiences viewed films for a sense
of entertainment and escapism as modern
horror films today are so varied in terms of
their plot, characters and themes. The style of
films that have developed throughout the
decades such as slasher films and
psychological horrors, to plots that include
vampires, zombies, and the supernatural are
still continuing in today’s modern films. The
development of technology such as 3D
cameras, CGI, and green screens allow horror
films to be more creative and challenging with
their settings and characters.
Many use realistic settings and characters with
a darker twist for a sense of horror as the
realism of the film is something an audiences
can relate to.
23. Codes & Conventions
Camera Work Extreme Close –Up!
Point of View Shots
Point of view shots are usually used within the horror genre to reflect either the
villain or victims perspective. For an audience this makes them feel like their
playing the role of that character creating an uncomfortable or uneasy feel.
Oblique/Canted Angles
This is where the camera is titled rather than horizontal. This is popular within the
horror genre because it creates a feeling of being unstable and makes an
audience feel disorientated. This camera angle is often used with the point of
view shot to make it feel like the character as a hand-held camera and therefore
makes the audience feel more involved.
Close Ups & Extreme Close Ups
By employing these kinds of shot types, an audience is able to see the emotions
of the victim or villain. Extreme close-ups can make a consumer feel
uncomfortable because the image will feel the entire screen, creating an intense
and fearful atmosphere.
24. Creating Pace
Editing
Through fast editing and changing of camera shots can help to build tension
and suspense for a horror film. Typically within horror scene will begin with a
slow pace before suddenly building tension and making audiences jump
through the fear that has been created.
Combination of Shots
To create a disorientated feel, shots in horror films will sometimes be pieced
together in an illogical order to create a fast, tense pace.
Incidental Music
Music
Music is an important convention within the horror genre as it emphasises a
tense and eerie atmosphere and reflects how an audience should be feeling.
Audience emotions are usually reflected through a change in the music's
dynamics, starting quiet before suddenly getting louder as a sense becomes
more frightening.
Diegetic Sounds
Whilst creating a sense of verisimilitude, diegetic sounds help to create an
atmosphere. Typical sounds include footsteps, screams and creaks.
25. Mise-En-Scene
Dark Colours
Horror films will often use dark colours to help create a tense atmosphere. For
an audience dark colours can be associated with the unknown and feeling of
uncertainty therefore a sense of fear is created.
Low Lighting
To match the dark colours, horror films will typically use low key lighting to add
to the suspense as this style of lighting creates a contrast in light and dark and
as a result emphasises shadows.
Characters
In modern horror films, typically the role of the villain is played by someone
who appears normal to an audience as this makes it easier for a consumer to
imagine themselves in the film and therefore makes it more frightening.
Setting
Settings in horror films can vary. Stereotypical settings would be isolated
places such as haunted houses, forests, and castles however horror film’s of
today’s society can take place in settings that have a sense of normality. For
example, using a family home can be just as scary because it is something the
audience can relate to.
26. Representation of Women in Horror Films
Within the horror genre there is a
stereotypical image for the female male. She
is usually in some kind of distress, young,
with blonde hair and is physically attractive.
Men are often considered to play the role of
the hero in horror films, and females usually
play the role of the victim. This is often used
to reflect how rights between men and women
were previously unequal. It is thought that for
a female to survive in a horror film, she must
have masculine characteristics as males
typically play a more dominant, heroic role.
Despite this, from the 1970’s and onwards to
today’s modern society, female characters in
horror films have been taking a more
dominant role, displaying strength and
independence.
28. FILM POSTERS
Film posters are used as part of the marketing
campaign for a film’s release. They are often
displayed on streets, in shops and at cinemas to
help raise awareness about a new film. Usually
the same picture or style used on the film’s poster
will be used for other advertisements relating to
the film such as for adverts
newspapers, magazines, DVD’s , and websites.
Conventions of a film poster include an image of a
main actor or scene as well as the title of the
film, cast names, release date and may also
include a quote from the film as a slogan to help
make the poster more memorable.
From looking at some existing film posters from
the horror genre, I have found that typical
conventions used are dark colours, bold texts and
the images can be quite ambiguous to create a
tense feeling. The style of the poster will help to
create the tone and emphasise the genre of the
film.
29. Magazine Front Covers
I have carried out some research into existing
magazine front covers which has allowed me to find
out about some film magazine conventions.
Firstly, the main image used on the front is usually of
an actor in the role of their character as this will allow
an audience to become familiar with the character
that they will see in the film and on adverts.
Sometimes the title of the magazine will adapt to the
style of the film which is being featured. For
example, on the Inception front cover, the title, Total
Film, has been designed to reflect how the film
involves technology. This is also shown through the
colours used as silver can also be associated with
technology so this reflects how colours are important
at portraying ideas to an audience.
Other conventions used on magazine front covers
are a masthead with the date, title, and price. Plus a
main coverline, smaller coverlines , an insert and a
strapline. These are all things that I can consider
when I create my film magazine front cover.
30. Influences
From creating this PowerPoint presentation I now have a clearer understanding
of the history of film and how it has developed to produce the films that we
have today. Furthermore, I also now have a more in-depth understanding of the
horror genre, from how it began to how its origins has impacted on modern
horror films. I have researched the conventions of horror through the micro
elements and have found that things such as dark colours, incidental music and
point of view shots will all help my trailer conform to the horror genre therefore I
will consider the conventions when I created my three media products . The
target audience of my trailer will be aged between 15 to 30 and aimed at both
genders. I’d like my trailer to focus on the idea of the supernatural perhaps
using toys or an object passed down generations and holding some kind of
history. This idea has been inspired by seeing the toys that feature in the
opening of the Woman in Black trailer. I want my trailer to encourage an
audience to use their imagination rather than seeing visually on screen. I have
been influenced to do this from researching radio horror and horror films of the
60’s as allowing an audience to use their imagination was extremely successful
and I feel that today there is a niche in the market for this kind of film as
modern horror is a lot more detailed and graphic than it used to be.
For my ancillary tasks of a poster and film magazine front cover I will make sure
that they link together in terms of style so that my products become consistent
and support the trailer. This will include using similar colours, text styles, and
ensuring that suitable images are used for the films genre.
31. Bibliography
• DiMello Carl, Hollywood Memories,
http://www.hollywoodmoviememories.com/articles
• Dirks Tim, 2012, The History of Film,
http://www.filmsite.org/
• Goldstein Jeffery, Why do People watch Horror?
http://accessscience.com/studycenter.aspx?main=18&questionID=5338
• Google Sites, What Makes Horror Scary?
https://sites.google.com/site/horrorhistory5123/
• Harris Mark, A Timeline History of Horror
Movies, http://horror.about.com/od/horrorthemelists/ss/horrortimeline_2.htm
• Hoffman Matt, 2011, History of Horror on the Television,
http://www.mania.com/history-horror-television_article_129603.html
• Leslie Mitchell, 2001, The Man Who Stopped
Time, http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2001/mayjun/features/muybridge.html
• Otrcat.Com, 1999, Horror & Mystery Old Time Radio Shows,
http://www.otrcat.com/horror-and-mystery-on-radio.html
• Psycho Horror, 2011, Representation of Women in Horror
Films, http://screampsychohorror.wordpress.com/representation-of-women-in-horror-films
• Rosenberg Jennifer, First Silent Movie – The Great Train
Robbery, http://history1900s.about.com/od/1900s/qt/trainrobbery.htm
• Rosenberg Jennifer, 2012, 1927 Jazz Singer,
http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/jazzsinger.htm
• Serbinski Ted, 1999, Scene 1: Enter Future Filmmaker,
http://library.thinkquest.org/29285/history/
• Snider Eric, 2011, What’s the big deal? The Jazz Singer,
http://www.film.com/movies/whats-the-big-deal-the-jazz-singer-1927
• Westcombe Roger, 2003, Film Noir,
http://www.bighousefilm.com/noir_intro.htm
• Wikipedia, Film Posters,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_posters
• Woodford George, 2010, Horror Genre Conventions,
http://www.slideshare.net/marine18/horror-genre-conventions