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Evaluation of Hinge Adhesives For Display of Resin Coated (RC) and RC-type Photographs
- 1. Characterizing RC Papers and Tes3ng Adhesives Suitable for their Hinging Christopher McGlinchey Lee Ann Daffner Roberta Piantavigna AIC & CAC ACCR 42nd Annual Mee3ng and Annual Conference May 13-‐17, 2016 | Montreal -‐ Canada
- 3. InstallaLon view, Zoe Leonard: Analogue, MoMA, New York, June 27–August 30, 2015 PROJECT OBJECTIVE: TO IDENTIFY AN ADHESIVE AND HINGE SYSTEM THAT MEETS THESE CRITERIA: 1. Fully reversible, leaving liEle or no modificaLon to the RC layer. 2. Strong enough to hold large prints. 3. Non-‐reacLve with the image material (dye, silver or pigment). 4. Non-‐reacLve with the polyethylene (melLng, solvents, etc.) 5. Easy to use and reliably available.
- 4. Adhesive Hinging Tests • Image of the adhesives
- 5. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate / Poly Vinyl Acetate Water Soluble Polymer Water Soluble Biopolymers Jade 403 Jade R BEVA D8 BEVA 371 Film BEVA Tex Methyl Cellulose A4M Klucel G Photographic GelaLn Wheat Starch Paste Aquazol 500 Acrylics Tyvek Tape Lineco Gudy 870 / Dots 3M 415 3M Scotch 001 / 002 / 889 Filmoplast P90 / P90 Plus / Sh J-‐Lar Pressure Sensi3ve Tapes Lascaux 303 HV Lascaux 498 Dispersions Film Viewbond Film Dispersions
- 6. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate / Poly Vinyl Acetate Water Soluble Polymer Water Soluble Biopolymers Jade 403 Jade R BEVA D8 BEVA 371 Film BEVA Tex Methyl Cellulose A4M Klucel G Photographic GelaLn Wheat Starch Paste Aquazol 500 Acrylics Tyvek Tape Lineco Gudy 870 / Dots / 831 3M 415 3M Scotch 001 / 002 / 889 Filmoplast P90 / P90 Plus / Sh J-‐Lar Pressure Sensi3ve Tapes Lascaux 303 HV Lascaux 498 HV Lascaux 360 HV Paraloid B72 Dispersions/Soln’s Film Viewbond Film Dispersions BEVA Gel
- 8. Samples Eliminated During Pre-‐Test Too weak • LoC HST • PHOTOGRAPHIC GELATIN 2%, 5% ON HOLLYTEX • PHOTOGRAPHIC GELATIN 2%, 5% ON PAPER Reversal problems • 3M 415 • FILMOPLAST P90 PLUS • FILMOPLAST P90 • FILMOPLAST SH • J-‐LAR TAPE • KLUCEL G 2% ETHANOL (HOLLYTEX AND ON PAPER) • VIEWBOND ON PAPER • VIEWBOND ON HOLLITEX
- 9. Samples Which Passed Pre-‐Test Tape products PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE (PSA) 3M SCOTCH 889 3M SCOTCH 001 3M SCOTCH 002 GUDY 870 GUDY Dot TYVEK TAPE Lab Cast DIRECT CAST OR REACTIVATED FILM AQUAZOL 500 BEVA D8 JADE 403 JADE R KLUCEL G LASCAUX 303 HV (PSA) LASCAUX 498 HV (HAT) METHYLCELLULOSE 8% MOUSSE GELATIN WHEAT STARCH PASTE Dry mount film HEAT ACTIVATED THERMOPLASTIC (HAT) BEVA-‐TEX BEVA film 371
- 10. Photographic Ac3vity Test Tape products PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE (PSA) 3M SCOTCH 889 3M SCOTCH 001 3M SCOTCH 002 GUDY 870 GUDY Dot TYVEK TAPE Lab Cast DIRECT CAST OR REACTIVATED FILM AQUAZOL 500 BEVA D8 JADE 403 JADE R KLUCEL G LASCAUX 303 HV (PSA) LASCAUX 498 HV (HAT) METHYLCELLULOSE 8% MOUSSE GELATIN WHEAT STARCH PASTE Dry mount film HEAT ACTIVATED THERMOPLASTIC (HAT) BEVA-‐TEX BEVA film 371 PAT IN PROGRESS
- 11. Oddy Test Tape products PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE (PSA) 3M SCOTCH 889 3M SCOTCH 001 3M SCOTCH 002 GUDY 870 GUDY Dot TYVEK TAPE (temporary use; long term tesLng) Lab Cast DIRECT CAST OR REACTIVATED FILM AQUAZOL 500 BEVA D8 JADE 403 JADE R KLUCEL G LASCAUX 303 HV (PSA) LASCAUX 498 HV (HAT) METHYLCELLULOSE 8% MOUSSE GELATIN WHEAT STARCH PASTE Dry mount film HEAT ACTIVATED THERMOPLASTIC (HAT) BEVA-‐TEX BEVA film 371 ODDY IN PROGRESS
- 12. 2. RC Paper • 16 RC and RC-‐Type Papers – XRF – ATR-‐FTIR – In-‐Situ Contact Angle – Surface Roughness: 1. Micro Raking Imaging 2. Light SecLon Microscopy 3. DifferenLal Interference Contrast 4. Gloss 1. Adhesive + Carrier • 18 samples: H2O or Ethanol cast, PSA, Film (heat-‐set) – ATR-‐FTIR • Japanese Paper or Hollytex • Tested on 1 “tradiLonal” RC paper in SHEAR and PEEL. Material Characteriza3on
- 13. Copolymer Dispersions: FTIR Features POLYACRYLATE COPOLYMERS Compsi3on and Tg • 498, 360 (disconLnued): butyl acrylate methyl methacrylate copolymers. (Trace =C-‐H in both: residual aromaLc solvent, ~ 3 days.) • 303: 2-‐ethylhexyl acrylate / ethyl acrylate copolymer. Tg’s: -‐31°C (303); -‐8°C (360); 13°C (498). C-‐H stretch for LASCAUX 498 360 303 =C-‐H
- 14. Copolymer Dispersions: FTIR Features All high VAc content: POLY VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS Fingerprint region for JADE R, JADE 403, BEVA D8 • Clear when dry • More easily re-‐solubilized • Poor microbial resistance? PE H-‐C-‐H scissoring and rocking modes
- 15. Shear Failure: Lascaux 303 HV on Hollytex Image: 8 months of tesLng
- 16. Shear Failure: Gudy Dot on Paper (L), Hollytex (R) Image: 8 months of tesLng
- 17. Creep Resistance (Peel Studies) 7 MONTHS REALISTIC HIGH LOADING GOOD NONE TYVEK TAPE AQUAZOL 500 35% FILM on PAPER; JADE R on PAPER (/P) BEVA FILM 371 70C on HOLLYTEX (/H) GUDY 870 /P;LASCAUX 498 HV 75C /H;LASCAUX 303 HV (NO HEAT) /P KLUCEL G 8% /P; LASCAUX 498 HV 75C /P; WS PASTE /P 3M SCOTCH 001; BEVA FILM /P PHOTO GELATINE 5% /P; BEVA-‐TEX 66C; JADE 403 /P KLUCEL G 8% ETOH /H & /P BEVA D8 T 85C /P &/H; JADE R/H; LASCAUX 303 HV/H; MC-‐A4M /P 3M SCOTCH 889 /P; AQUAZOL WET…/P AQUAZOL FILM/H; JADE 403 H AQUAZOL …/H 3M SCOTCH 002; GUDY 870 H; 3M SCOTCH 889 /H;GUDY DOTS /H & /P WS PASTE /H KLUCEL G /H; MC-‐A4M/H GELATINE
- 18. Peel Test Mode: Creep failure of 3M Scotch 002
- 19. Shear vs. Peel IN PEEL • MOUNT SIDE OF V-‐HINGE BONDS TESTED IN SHEAR • PENDULUM • PASS-‐THROUGH • ART SIDE OF V-‐HINGE
- 20. Adhesion: Adhesive vs. Cohesive A D H E S I O N C O H E S I O N INTERFACE THE BULK WAX VAc VAc EVAC VAcE
- 21. RC Paper Characteriza3on • Image of the papers
- 22. (Processing Unknown) 3 Vintage RC Papers 1970s -‐1980s 2 Contemporary RC Papers (Unprocessed) 8 RC-‐type Papers Current RC Papers Under Inves3ga3on 3 Contemporary RC Papers (Processed) Photographic Papers Digital Prin3ng Papers
- 23. XRF Analysis of Inorganic Fillers • Verso only • Bruker Tracer III-‐SD (Rh target / silicon driv detector). • 120 seconds @ 40kV 10µA; no filter; Helium flow.
- 24. Inorganic Elemental Analysis: Aluminum: low levels in all digital and processed RC papers. Silicon: trace (Epson Signature Worthy Ultra Premium Photo Paper Luster) to moderate levels in sample set. Phosphorous: uncertain; corrupted by Calcium escape peak. Calcium: low to high. Single main element for Ilford Galerie Pres?ge Gold Raster Silk, Hahnemuhle Photo Pearl 310, and Canon Photo Paper Plus Glossy II. Titanium: single main element for Ilford Mul?grade IV RC deluxe pearl and Ilford BW RC Glossy. Zinc: trace levels found in all except highest levels detected in Vintage Kodak BW RC paper (along with Al, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Co, Ba(tr), Sr(tr)). Calcium / Titanium blends: remaining papers including Canon Photo paper pro which included Zirconium.
- 25. Polyethylene: the “RC” in RC Paper PE In-‐Situ Contact Angle
- 26. Carbonyl Region ~ 1730-‐1725 cm-‐1
- 27. In-‐Situ Contact Angle Equipment Set-‐up Image Capture:
- 28. In-‐Situ Contact Angle < 90 > 90 << 90 ( All captured aver 5 second delay )
- 29. In-‐Situ Contact Angle • Ilford Galerie PresLge Metallic • Hahnemühle Photo Luster • Hahnemühle Photo Glossy • Canon PlaLnum PT-‐101 HIGH MEDIUM LOW • Fujicolor Crystal Archive • Canon Photo Plus Glossy • Kodak Chromogenic vintage • Hahnemühle Photo Pearl 310 • Epson Signature Luster • Ilford MulLgrade, pearl • Kodak Chromogenic vintage • Ilford Galerie PresLge Gold • Kodak Polycontrast Rapid RC paper 2 RC papers 3 RC type (digital) papers 3 RC papers 1 RC type (digital) paper 4 RC-‐Type (digital) papers
- 30. Ilford Mul3grade IV RC Deluxe Pearl Photographic Paper Verso Light Sec3on Gloss measurement at 60°: 3.74 GU Micro Raking Imaging Differen3al Interference Contrast MRI Enhanced Contrast 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm ~ 1 mm
- 31. Next Steps Overview ¨ Survey ¨ PAT, Oddy Test ¨ Hinge removal assessment ¨ Aging studies of adhesive from natural and thermal aging ¨ Staining of photo paper from thermal aging ¨ Surface characterizaLon ¨ Physical and chemical compaLbility assessment ¨ Large scale mock-‐ups ¨ IdenLficaLon of most physically stable systems
- 32. • Schenck., K., McCabe, C. Preliminary tes?ng of Adhesive used in Photograph Conserva?on, Topics in Photographic, Vol. III, 1989 • Down, J.L., Guild, Hill, G., Evalua?on of Selected Adhesive Tapes and Heat-‐Set-‐ Tissues – A Final Update, J.ACCR, vol. 38, 2013, p.14-‐25. • Wagner, S., Pressure Sensi?ve Tapes and Photos, Abbey NewsleEer, vol. 23, no. 4, 1999 • Robb, A., An Inves?ga?on of Adhesives Used in Hinging-‐Resin-‐Coated (RC), Color (Chromogenic Dye) Photographic Paper, [drav], 1993 • Micro Raking Enhanced Contrast Imaging: hEp://www.moma.org/interacLves/objectphoto/ materials/surface_analysis.html • … References Supplies Equipment for In-‐Situ Contact Angle • Eppendorf Research Plus PipeEe: $ 300 -‐ hEp://www.pipeEe.com/public/productdetails.aspx? pid=36026&gclid=CKLu6p3DtssCFUQ9gQodvqMONA • InspecLon Mirror: -‐ $ 5 hEp://www.amazon.com/Ullman-‐B-‐2T-‐Telescoping-‐InspecLon-‐Extended/dp/B008Z679F0
- 33. Henry Wilhelm & Wilhelm Imaging Research Inc. Gene Albertelli / Jim Coddington / Ana Martins Griffin Editions Lab / Richard Misrach / Peter MacGill Laura Panadero / The Better Image Thank you to the colleagues who responded to our survey! Acknowledgments
- 34. Chris_McGlinchey@moma.org Leeann_Daffner@moma.org Roberta_Piantavigna@moma.org See you in Amsterdam at ICOM-‐CC PMWG !