Europeana Network Association AGM 2016 - 9 November - Speaker: Effie Kapsalis
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Speaker: Effie Kapsalis, Smithsonian Institution Archives - “The Impact of Open Collections (...and what’s next)”
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Europeana Network Association AGM 2016 - 9 November - Speaker: Effie Kapsalis
- 1. THE IMPACT OF OPEN COLLECTIONS (...AND WHAT’S NEXT) EFFIE KAPSALIS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ARCHIVES @digitaleffie
- 4. @digitaleffie Anthony Quinn and Alan Bates, Zorba the Greek, 1964
- 6. "IT IS ONLY BY EXCHANGE AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE THAT NATURALLISTS [SIC] CAN POSSIBLY EVER SUCCEED IN ASSEMBLING TOGETHER A COLLECTION OF SUBJECTS OF THEIR STUDY, WHICH NATURE HAS MADE SO NUMEROUS, AND DISSEMINATED IN SUCH VARIOUS AND DISTANT PARTS OF THE WORLD,” JAMES SMITHSON @digitaleffie
- 7. @digitaleffie Color Image of the Smithsonian Castle on Fire, January 24, 1865
- 9. “…AN ESTABLISHMENT FOR THE INCREASE & DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG MEN.“ - JAMES SMITHSON, 1826 @digitaleffie
- 10. 21ST CENTURY INCREASE & DIFFUSION @digitaleffie “An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet.” - Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001
- 11. WE, THE WEB KIDS 1. We grew up with the Internet and on the Internet… The ability to find information is to us something as basic as the ability to find a railway station or a post office in an unknown city is to you… @digitaleffie
- 12. WE, THE WEB KIDS 2. People who will share their expertise with us not for profit, but because of our shared belief that information exists in motion, that it wants to be free, that we all benefit from the exchange of information… @digitaleffie
- 13. WE, THE WEB KIDS 3. What we value the most is freedom: freedom of speech, freedom of access to information and to culture. We feel that it is thanks to freedom that the Web is what it is, and that it is our duty to protect that freedom. We owe that to next generations, just as much as we owe to protect the environment. @digitaleffie
- 14. WE, THE WEB KIDS One more thing: we do not want to pay for our memories. @digitaleffie
- 15. OPEN ACCESS “…free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.” - Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001 @digitaleffie
- 16. #OPENGLAM STUDY Trailer - http://s.si.edu/2cQ6PU1 Research - http://s.si.edu/2d8MNQS @digitaleffie
- 17. #OPENGLAM RESULTS • New fundraising and brand licensing opportunities. • More efficient image management and digitization processes. • A realignment of staff with more mission-critical jobs. • A furthering of research, educational and creative activities. • Increases in use and awareness of institutions’ collections. • Creation of a strengthened and more relevant brand. • Increased goodwill leading to more public engagement. @digitaleffie
- 18. #OPENGLAM – MISSION “Making the biodiversity heritage literature online has accelerated the pace of taxonomic science across the world.” - Martin Kalfatovic, Smithsonian Libraries, Biodiversity Heritage Library @digitaleffie
- 19. #OPENGLAM – MISSION “Open access increased the institution’s appetite for risk-taking, and enabled innovative research and experimentation with the library’s collections.” - Nora McGregor, British Libraries @digitaleffie
- 20. #OPENGLAM – EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Since releasing the museum’s collections online without restrictions, staff members have been spared from approving 14,000 image requests — and writing at least 28,000 emails. - “Reusing Te Papa’s collections images, by the numbers,” Adrian Kingston, digital collections analyst, Te Papa Museum of New Zealand @digitaleffie
- 21. #OPENGLAM – INCREASED FUNDING LANDSCAPE “We lost all our income on direct sales of images, but we gained a lot of new friends, sponsors, and new funding streams…more than we lost in revenue.” - Lizzy Jongma, formerly Rijksmuseum, Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen @digitaleffie
- 22. #OPENGLAM – IMPROVED BRAND A few months after launch, New York Public Library had received over 100 press mentions and was approached by a major New York retailer asking about brand licensing opportunities. @digitaleffie
- 23. RISKS TO OPEN ACCESS • Increased demand on technical infrastructure. • Potential increase in staff workload if media delivery is not self-service. • Loss of rights and reproduction income….however doesn’t actually cover costs of doing that business. • Staff worries over loss of intellectual control and potential for abuse of collections; however, studies show that nothing of negative consequence results. @digitaleffie
- 24. RISKS TO CLOSED TERMS OF USE • Decreased funding opportunities as funders move to requiring open access. • Reduced opportunities for collaboration with other knowledge organizations, open government initiatives, cultural heritage aggregators, Wikipedia, and digital humanities projects. • Reduced mission-impact. • Reduced marketing opportunities/irrelevant brand. • Potential reduction in activity from digital volunteers due to perception that their work is not supporting an open effort. • Large amounts of staff time spent on non-mission-critical tasks. @digitaleffie
- 25. CHALLENGES TO ”GOING OPEN” • Not-so-nimble organizational structures • Resources needed for copyright research, digitization, dissemination activities. @digitaleffie
- 26. @digitaleffie How do we make it as useful as possible to as many users for the most uses?
- 27. @digitaleffie
- 28. @digitaleffie
- 29. @digitaleffie The first U.S. National Museum Building Committee, 1880, 78-10099
- 30. “…when you’re invisible people assume you’ve done nothing.” - Edith P. Mayo, Curator Emeritus, Smithsonian National Museum of American History @digitaleffie
- 31. @digitaleffie Smithsonian Institution Archives “Women in Science Wednesday” Campaign
- 32. @digitaleffie Screenshot of African American Contributions to the Smithsonian: Challenges and Achievements IS OUR HISTORY INCLUSIVE?
- 33. @digitaleffie “Color History with the Smithsonian” Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon WHO GETS TO TELL OUR HISTORY?
- 34. @digitaleffie Smithsonian Secretary Skorton’s Youth Advisory Committee WHO ARE FUTURE MUSEUM PROFESSIONALS?
- 35. OPENNESS + ACCESSIBILITY “Accessibility is something that’s never really done. It’s not like, ‘Oh, we checked that box. We finished that work.’ It’s really about an almost philosophical approach and a practice of engagement, and it’s something that we are continually working to improve here.” - Danielle Linzer, Warhol Museum's curator of education and interpretation @digitaleffie
Editor's Notes
- Homecoming
- Chemistry student, University of Athens, no job opportunities, came to U.S. in 1962. Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer uses light emissions to determine elements in a compound.
- He married an American, had two children.
- As he liked to call it, “the full catastrophe”
- Love letter to archives. They hold records related to people, organizations, and countries. Whether personal or organizational, when examined, they provide clues to why we are the way we are today.
- Another chemist who saw opportunity in far lands: James Smithson (born 1765, un-acknowledged son of the first Duke of Northumberland. He was a chemist when chemistry was a new science = the OH, original Hipster. He believed that the pursuit of science and knowledge was the key to happiness and prosperity for all of society. Smithson was interested in studying almost everything: the venom of snakes, the chemistry of volcanoes, the constituents of a lady’s tear, and even the fundamental nature of electricity. He published twenty-seven papers in his lifetime, ranging from an improved method of making coffee, to an analysis of the mineral calamine, critical in the manufacture of brass…)
- Much of his archive lost in Castle Fire of 1865. “Historic re-enactment” of Castle Fire. What we do know was traced by his biographer, Heather Ewing, in archives throughout Europe. I asked Smithson’s biographer, Heather Ewing, what he would think of the open sharing and collections movements in the cultural heritage world. To support her hypothesis, she cited the example of Smithson tried to use instruments that were made with readily available and inexpensive materials (in stark contrast to the French), so that anybody could replicate his experiments, participate, challenge him, etc.
- “A free and open web is something that would be close to his heart, I'd guess.” (Smithson = pro net neutrality!!)
- Toward the end of his life in 1826, under a clause in his will, he left his fortune to the United States, a place he had never visited, to found in Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, “an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” Smithson died in Genoa, Italy, on June 27, 1829. Among men = democracy of knowledge.
- Piotr Czerski is a Polish writer and commentator, 2012
- Piotr Czerski is a Polish writer and commentator, 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/02/we-the-web-kids/253382/
- Piotr Czerski is a Polish writer and commentator, 2012. And what are we but memory institutions?
- We now have a decade of open access in cultural heritage sector under our belts, so I decided to study what has occurred at these “brave firsts.” Open access definition is loosely interpretted.
- Over a dozen international international cultural heritage institutions. Note: Only 50 organizations worldwide have gone open and that number isn’t dramatically increasing. Acknowledge researchers on this topic who have come before me; Mellon funded studies by Simon Tanner and Kristin Kelly on rights and reproduction and open initiatives in art museums.
- This hit home at my daughters school. Local African American residents were not getting to the Smithsonian, a large complex of FREE museums less than 3 miles from home. Part relevance, part resources.
- This hit home at my daughters school. Local African American residents were not getting to the Smithsonian, a large complex of FREE museums less than 3 miles from home. Part relevance, part resources.
- As a woman and 1st generation American on my father’s side, I barely see myself in the archives.
- And if I can’t see yourself, are these my memories?
- It takes work to do this, and it’s not always easy as minorities and women are indeed less-documented! Pulling out little-documented women scientists. From campaign, to wikipedia edit-a-thons…Note on Roxie Laybourne.
- We need to document and create more diverse histories even if it’s not our main mission.
- We need to involve more diverse producers of history. Though 28 percent of museum staffs are from underrepresented minorities, the great majority of these workers are concentrated in security, facilities, finance, and human resources jobs. Among museum curators, conservators, educators, and leaders, only four percent are African American and just three percent Hispanic. - The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Art Museum Staff Demographic Survey, https://mellon.org/resources/news/articles/Diversity-American-Art-Museums/
- “Two recent studies paint a stark picture of the lack of ethnic and racial diversity among top museum staff in the US. While people of colour represent 38% of the country’s population, they make up only 9% of museum boards and 16% of the administrators, curators, conservators and educators who make decisions about what is exhibited and preserved as culturally important.” the Art Newspaper We need to pay our interns. Low income young people can’t afford unpaid internships.
- Warhol museum on accessibility of exhibits to blind. As we build our API’s and websites, let’s also think about how we can make our memories as widely accessible as possible. May we work to ensure that everyone has their memories.