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17.2: Europe Goes to War 
PP. 575-579
In your notebook…. 
Answer questions #1-4 on p. 579 & complete #7 
#1)How did relations between Britain & Germany 
change between the Munich Conference & the 
invasion of Poland? 
#2) What were the reasons why Germany was able to 
defeat Poland in less than a month? 
#3) What was the French policy of collaboration with 
Germany?
#4) Why were aircraft crucial to Germany’s planned 
invasion of Britain? 
#7) Construct a timeline of important events in 
Europe in 1939 & 1940.
Germany/Hitler/Nazis 
Hitler rises to power in 1934 
Remilitarizes the Rhineland in 1936 
Creates alliance w/ Italy in 1936 (Rome-Berlin Axis) 
Nazis move into Austria in 1938, “Anschluss” 
Hitler acquires Sudetenland in 1938
Mussolini/Italy 
Fascist Party formed in 1919 
Mussolini becomes prime minister in 1922 
Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935 
Italy joins alliance w/ Germany
Britain/France 
Followed a plan of appeasement (giving in to Hitler’s 
demands) 
Continued policy of appeasement at Munich 
Conference in 1938; Germany allowed to keep 
Sudeteneland 
Had to choose between “war and dishonor,” 
Winston Churchill said “They chose dishonor. They 
will have war.”
Increased Invasion 
Hitler takes western half of Czechoslovakia 
Italy invades Albania 
Above actions prompted Britain & France to end 
policy of appeasement 
 Told Hitler that further invasions would create war
Hitler’s Pact w/ Stalin 
Germany feared a 
two-front war 
Hitler & Stalin 
signed a non-aggression 
pact in 
August, 1939; plan 
was to last ten 
years 
Agreed to split up 
eastern Europe
Invasion of Poland 
Hitler invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 
New invasion unveiled in Poland=“blitzkrieg” or 
lightning war 
 Fast, concentrated air attack 
 Then tanks & mobile artillery 
 Then infantry 
Polish army of 700K was not ready 
Britain & France declared war on Germany on Sept. 
3, 1939
Invasion of Poland 
 Germany had complete control of 
Poland w/in a month; split country w/ 
Soviet Union 
 Britain & France were unable to react 
quick enough 
 German laws implemented & Jews 
were murdered or imprisoned
Wielun, Poland on Sept. 1, 
1939 
Nazi troops in Warsaw, Sept. 1939
War in the West 
After Poland fell, the war entered a quiet period 
 American press called it the “phony war” 
French forces waited at the heavily fortified Maginot 
Line 
 Underground rails, air conditioning, thick concrete walls, 
extra-heavy artillery 
But didn’t protect French from a German attack 
through Belgium 
Guns were pointed east toward Germany
Germany Attacks 
April 9, 1940—Starts an attack on Denmark & 
Norway 
May 10, 1940—Hitler launches a blitzkrieg on the 
Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Belgium 
 All three were conquered in less than 3 weeks 
From Belgium Hitler attacked France 
 The Germans split the Brit/French troops into two 
 The group in the north retreated to the coastal city of Dunkirk
Germany Attacks 
In late May/early June 
one of the greatest 
rescues in history took 
place 
A makeshift fleet of 
tugboats, yachts & other 
private boats carried 
some 340K soldiers 
across the English 
Channel to Great Britain 
Saved Brit/French forces 
from certain capture
Fall of France 
June 10, 1940—French 
gov’t fled Paris 
Italy then declared war on 
France & Britain 
June 14, 1940—German 
troops entered Paris 
June 22, 1940—France & 
its 1.5 million troops 
surrendered 
Germany now occupied the 
northern 3/5 of France & 
the entire Atlantic Coast 
southward to Spain 
The French gov’t 
supervised the unoccupied 
south of France 
Now as Vichy France 
Adopted a policy of close 
cooperation w/ Germany, 
known as collaboration
Fall of France 
Free France, gov’t-in-exile, 
operated from 
London 
Supported underground 
Resistance movement in 
France 
 Anti-German propaganda 
& sabotaging German 
operations 
Hitler had experienced 
nothing but success 
German armies had 
taken almost all of 
Western Europe 
At the time Great Britain 
stood alone
The Battle of Britain 
Churchill refused to 
surrender: 
 “We shall fight on the 
beaches, we shall fight on 
the landing grounds, we 
shall fight in the fields 
and in the streets, we 
shall fight in the hills; we 
shall never surrender.” 
Appointed Prime 
Minister in May of 1940
The Battle of Britain 
Difficult for Germans to 
reach British land: 
 English Channel 
 Powerful British navy 
Hitler instead used an 
aerial assault w/ his 
“Luftwaffe” 
 Day after day, up 1,000 
planes bombed Britain 
By September of 1940 
Hitler was bombing 
cities/civilians 
 Included “fire-bombs,” 
chemicals aimed at 
starting fires 
British responded by 
bombing Berlin
Battle of Britain 
The RAF was able to hold 
its own against the 
Luftwaffe despite being 
outnumbered 
“Never in the field of 
human conflict was so 
much owed to so few.”— 
Churchill praising the 
RAF 
Despite huge losses, Brits 
continued to fight 
20K Londoners were 
killed & 70K were injured 
Brits ability to hold out 
was tied to fact that they 
had cracked German 
codes & could anticipate 
attacks
In your notebook…. 
Answer questions #1-4 on p. 579 & complete #7 
#1)How did relations between Britain & Germany 
change between the Munich Conference & the 
invasion of Poland? 
#2) What were the reasons why Germany was able to 
defeat Poland in less than a month? 
#3) What was the French policy of collaboration with 
Germany?
#4) Why were aircraft crucial to Germany’s planned 
invasion of Britain? 
#7) Construct a timeline of important events in 
Europe in 1939 & 1940.

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Europe Goes to War

  • 1. 17.2: Europe Goes to War PP. 575-579
  • 2. In your notebook…. Answer questions #1-4 on p. 579 & complete #7 #1)How did relations between Britain & Germany change between the Munich Conference & the invasion of Poland? #2) What were the reasons why Germany was able to defeat Poland in less than a month? #3) What was the French policy of collaboration with Germany?
  • 3. #4) Why were aircraft crucial to Germany’s planned invasion of Britain? #7) Construct a timeline of important events in Europe in 1939 & 1940.
  • 4.
  • 5. Germany/Hitler/Nazis Hitler rises to power in 1934 Remilitarizes the Rhineland in 1936 Creates alliance w/ Italy in 1936 (Rome-Berlin Axis) Nazis move into Austria in 1938, “Anschluss” Hitler acquires Sudetenland in 1938
  • 6. Mussolini/Italy Fascist Party formed in 1919 Mussolini becomes prime minister in 1922 Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935 Italy joins alliance w/ Germany
  • 7. Britain/France Followed a plan of appeasement (giving in to Hitler’s demands) Continued policy of appeasement at Munich Conference in 1938; Germany allowed to keep Sudeteneland Had to choose between “war and dishonor,” Winston Churchill said “They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
  • 8. Increased Invasion Hitler takes western half of Czechoslovakia Italy invades Albania Above actions prompted Britain & France to end policy of appeasement  Told Hitler that further invasions would create war
  • 9. Hitler’s Pact w/ Stalin Germany feared a two-front war Hitler & Stalin signed a non-aggression pact in August, 1939; plan was to last ten years Agreed to split up eastern Europe
  • 10.
  • 11. Invasion of Poland Hitler invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 New invasion unveiled in Poland=“blitzkrieg” or lightning war  Fast, concentrated air attack  Then tanks & mobile artillery  Then infantry Polish army of 700K was not ready Britain & France declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939
  • 12. Invasion of Poland  Germany had complete control of Poland w/in a month; split country w/ Soviet Union  Britain & France were unable to react quick enough  German laws implemented & Jews were murdered or imprisoned
  • 13. Wielun, Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 Nazi troops in Warsaw, Sept. 1939
  • 14. War in the West After Poland fell, the war entered a quiet period  American press called it the “phony war” French forces waited at the heavily fortified Maginot Line  Underground rails, air conditioning, thick concrete walls, extra-heavy artillery But didn’t protect French from a German attack through Belgium Guns were pointed east toward Germany
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Germany Attacks April 9, 1940—Starts an attack on Denmark & Norway May 10, 1940—Hitler launches a blitzkrieg on the Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Belgium  All three were conquered in less than 3 weeks From Belgium Hitler attacked France  The Germans split the Brit/French troops into two  The group in the north retreated to the coastal city of Dunkirk
  • 18. Germany Attacks In late May/early June one of the greatest rescues in history took place A makeshift fleet of tugboats, yachts & other private boats carried some 340K soldiers across the English Channel to Great Britain Saved Brit/French forces from certain capture
  • 19. Fall of France June 10, 1940—French gov’t fled Paris Italy then declared war on France & Britain June 14, 1940—German troops entered Paris June 22, 1940—France & its 1.5 million troops surrendered Germany now occupied the northern 3/5 of France & the entire Atlantic Coast southward to Spain The French gov’t supervised the unoccupied south of France Now as Vichy France Adopted a policy of close cooperation w/ Germany, known as collaboration
  • 20. Fall of France Free France, gov’t-in-exile, operated from London Supported underground Resistance movement in France  Anti-German propaganda & sabotaging German operations Hitler had experienced nothing but success German armies had taken almost all of Western Europe At the time Great Britain stood alone
  • 21.
  • 22. The Battle of Britain Churchill refused to surrender:  “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” Appointed Prime Minister in May of 1940
  • 23. The Battle of Britain Difficult for Germans to reach British land:  English Channel  Powerful British navy Hitler instead used an aerial assault w/ his “Luftwaffe”  Day after day, up 1,000 planes bombed Britain By September of 1940 Hitler was bombing cities/civilians  Included “fire-bombs,” chemicals aimed at starting fires British responded by bombing Berlin
  • 24. Battle of Britain The RAF was able to hold its own against the Luftwaffe despite being outnumbered “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed to so few.”— Churchill praising the RAF Despite huge losses, Brits continued to fight 20K Londoners were killed & 70K were injured Brits ability to hold out was tied to fact that they had cracked German codes & could anticipate attacks
  • 25.
  • 26. In your notebook…. Answer questions #1-4 on p. 579 & complete #7 #1)How did relations between Britain & Germany change between the Munich Conference & the invasion of Poland? #2) What were the reasons why Germany was able to defeat Poland in less than a month? #3) What was the French policy of collaboration with Germany?
  • 27. #4) Why were aircraft crucial to Germany’s planned invasion of Britain? #7) Construct a timeline of important events in Europe in 1939 & 1940.