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Europe

Europe is the second smallest continent, located between Asia and Africa. It has around 50 countries and a population of over 740 million people. Some of its most notable features include its mountainous regions like the Alps and Pyrenees, river systems like the Danube and Rhine, and iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, Colosseum, St. Peter's Basilica, and Arc de Triomphe. Christianity is the dominant religion and Western culture originated in Europe.

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EUROPE - World's second smallest continent by surface area - Total land area: 4,053,309 sq miles (10,498,000 sq km) - 50 countries - the birthplace of Western culture - Christianity is the largest religion
EUROPE Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
EUROPE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
EUROPE VATICAN CITY
EUROPE LAKE LADOGA
EUROPE VOLGA RIVER
EUROPE MT. EL’BRUS
COUNTRIES Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Guernsey Hungary Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Tirana Andorra la Vella Vienna Minsk Brussels Sarajevo Sofia Zagreb Prague Copenhagen Tallinn Tórshavn Helsinki Paris Berlin Gibraltar Athens Saint Peter Port Budapest Reykjavík Dublin Douglas Tirana
COUNTRIES Italy Jersey Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Republic of Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Rome Saint Helier Pristina Riga Vaduz Vilnius Luxembourg Skopje Valletta Chisinau Monaco Podgorica Amsterdam Oslo Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow San Marino Belgrade Bratislava Ljubljana
COUNTRIES Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City Madrid Stockholm Berne Kiev London Vatican City
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCESForest industries produce more than $600 billion every year. Forestry and timber industries employ 3.7 million people, and account for 9 percent of Europe’s manufacturing gross domestic product (GDP). Europe’s most important forest industries are woodworking, paper products, and construction and furniture products. The country with the smallest percentage of forested area is Iceland (1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%).
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The southern regions are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain, and at its heart lies the North German Plain.
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES ALPS Located in south-central Europe they extend for almost 700 miles from the coastline of southern France (near Monaco) into Switzerland, northern Italy and Austria, then southeast through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as the (Dinaric Alps)
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES ALPS They end in Albania on the rugged coastline of the Adriatic Sea. they're the source of many rivers and tributaries including the Danube, Po, Rhine and Rhone. The highest point is Mount Blanc at 15,771 ft. (4,807 m)
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES APENNINES The source of almost all rivers in Italy including the Arno, Tiber, and Volturno 830 miles (1,350 km) in length, form the backbone of the country, and run the entire length of the Italian Peninsula, ending on the island of Sicily The highest point is Mt. Corno at 9,560 ft. (2,914 m).
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES BALKAN MOUNTAINS extend from Yugoslavia across Bulgaria Its most famous mountain is Mt. Olympus, the highest and most awe-inspiring peak in all of Greece It was declared as the first national park in Greece in 1939 It stands at 9,568 ft. (2,918 m).
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS Stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea these volcanic mountains have many peaks above 15,000 ft. (4,572 m) The highest point (and the highest point in Europe) is located here; Mt. Elbrus at 18,506 ft. (5,642 m).
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN The fertile North European Plain slopes to the north- northeast from the Alps, extending to the Baltic Sea, and on into Denmark and southern Finland, Norway and Sweden. It continues east for almost 2,500 miles (4000 km), on into the Russian Federation.
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN The land is largely flat with smaller areas of hills, including the Central Russian Uplands. Farming is prevalent and agricultural communities dot the landscape.
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES PYRENEES These mountains form the natural border between France and Spain and extend for about 270 miles from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea. The highest point is Pico de Aneto at 11,168 ft. (3,404 m)
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES SCANDINAVIAN SHIELD An ancient area of rocky earth peppered with granite rock that was literally ground down by receding glacial ice sheets. It's a rolling area of land covered with thousands of lakes (mostly small), linked by rivers.
GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES URAL MOUNTAINS The Urals are 1,640 miles (2,640 km) in length and extend from the northern- edge of the Russian Federation down through Kazakhstan. They form a natural border between Asia and Europe. The highest point is Mt. Narodnaya at 6,214 ft. (1,894 m).
MINERAL RESOURCES TITANIUM SILVER CHROMIUM Norway Poland Turkey
MINERAL RESOURCES The continent’s top five metals in terms of percentage of total world production are: CHROMIUM (10.7 percent in 2008), used in stainless steel, dyes, and pigments SILVER (8.5 percent) ZINC (7.7 percent), used as an anti-corrosion agent LEAD (7.5 percent) TITANIUM (7.1 percent), used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, and spacecraft
MINERAL RESOURCES FELDSPAR used in the production of ceramics and for archaeological dating processes KAOLIN used in ceramics, medicine, toothpaste, and cosmetics MAGNESITE used in steelmaking and rubber production PERLITE
MINERAL RESOURCES Russia has some of the largest oil deposits on the planet, although most of them are in the remote Asian part of the country. Russia is also the world’s largest exporter of natural gas. Norway has significant oil deposits, and is the world’s second-largest exporter of natural gas. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are Europe’s other major producers of natural gas. The United Kingdom’s offshore facilities in the North Sea are Europe’s second-largest producer of oil.
CLIMATE The ocean current known as the North Atlantic Drift brings warm water from the tropical Atlantic toward the continent.
CLIMATE This water further warms westerly winds and air masses, providing Europe with much of its precipitation.
CLIMATE Europe’s climate falls under two categories: marine west coast and Mediterranean.
CLIMATE The marine west coast climate covers much of northwestern Europe except for Scandinavia and the mountainous regions of Eastern Germany, Poland, and Switzerland. Mild summer and winter temperatures and consistent rainfall and cloud cover characterize this climate.
CLIMATE The Mediterranean climate covers the majority of Southern Europe, including Spain, Portugal, southern France, southern Italy, and Greece. Hot, nearly rainless summers and mild, rainy winters characterize this climate. Olives and grapes are two important crops that have thrived in this climate for more than a thousand years.
CLIMATE Principal crops include wheat, rapeseed, and potatoes. Livestock, such as sheep and cattle, are an import source of meat, dairy, and wool products. Some of the world’s finest cheeses come from this climatic region.
CLIMATE Spain, Italy, and Greece are the top three producers of olives in the world. France, Italy, and Spain are the top three world producers of grapes used for wine.
RIVER SYSTEMS Beginning in the Black Forest region of Germany, it flows across central Europe and the countries of Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Yugoslavia. It then forms the border between Romania and Bulgaria, turning north across Romania to eventually end in the Black Sea. DANUB
RIVER SYSTEMS It is (1,771 miles) (2,850 km) in length, and one of the most significant commercial waterways on the continent. DANUB
RIVER SYSTEMS Beginning it the southwestern Russian Federation, to the south of Moscow, it flows southeasterly towards the Volga, then turns abruptly west, ending in the Sea of Azov. Overall it's (1,224 miles) (1,969 km) in length. DO
RIVER SYSTEMS Rising in the Czech Republic, the Elbe River then flows north through Germany, ending in the North Sea near Cuxhaven. It's (724 miles) (1,165 km) in length. ELBE
RIVER SYSTEMS Recognized as the longest river in France, the navigable Loire begins in the foothills of the Massif Central, then flows north and west across the heartland of France, finally ending in the Bay of Biscay. It's (634 miles) (1,020 km) in length. LOIR
RIVER SYSTEMS Rising in the rugged mountains of the eastern Czech Republic, it flows west and north through south-central Poland, eventually emptying into the Baltic Sea. It's (567 miles) (912 km) in length. ODE
RIVER SYSTEMS Italy's longest river begins in the upper reaches of the Alps, flowing west to east across northern Italy, ending in the Adriatic Sea. It's (405 miles) (652 km) in length. PO
RIVER SYSTEMS This legendary river flows west, forming Switzerland's northeastern border with Germany, then runs directly north through western Germany forming part of that country's border with France, then finally dissecting the Netherlands and ending in the North Sea. RHIN
RIVER SYSTEMS Begin high in the Swiss Alps, this fast moving river flows into the eastern end of Lake Geneva, then south through south-eastern France, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Small branches run in all directions, and in overall length, it's (300 miles) (485 km). RHON
RIVER SYSTEMS Rising in northwestern Ireland, it flows south through a series of lakes, then turns west to eventually empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It's 230 miles (370 km) in length. SHANNO
RIVER SYSTEMS The Tagus River rises in the central highlands of Spain, flowing southwest across Portugal, then south to Lisbon and the Atlantic Ocean. It's 626 miles (1,007 km) in length. TAGUS
RIVER SYSTEMS The Volga is the largest river in European Russia in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. It's 3,692 km (2,294 mi) long. VOLGA
EIFFEL TOWER The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It was named after the engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
EIFFEL TOWER It was erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair. The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world.
EIFFEL TOWER The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall. Its base is square, 125 metres (410 ft) on a side. Because of the addition of the aerial atop the Eiffel Tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft).
EIFFEL TOWER Not including broadcast aerials, it is the second-tallest structure in France, after the Millau Viaduct.
THE COLOSSEUM The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone it is the largest amphitheatre ever built and is considered one of the greatest works of architecture and engineering.
THE COLOSSEUM The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators having an average audience of some 65,000, it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
THE COLOSSEUM Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
ST. PETER’S BASILICA The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican, or simply St. Peter's, is a Late Renaissance church located within Vatican City. It is designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
ST. PETER’S BASILICA St. Peter's remains one of the two largest churches in the world. St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world” and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom".
ARC DE TRIOMPHE It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle at the western end of the city. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
ARC DE TRIOMPHE The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrinin 1806 and its iconographic program pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. The large vault is 29.19 m (95.8 ft) high and 14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide. The small vault is 18.68 m (61.3 ft) high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide. Its design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.
ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens It was Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site's most important buildings including the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the temple of Athena Nike.
LEANING TOWER OF PISA The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.
LEANING TOWER OF PISA The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
THE STONEHENGE Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. Stonehenge is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks. It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.
Aerial View
During Winter Solstice
BIG BEN Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as the Elizabeth Tower
KEUKENHOF Keukenhof ("Kitchen garden") , also known as the Garden of Europe, is one of the world's largest flower gardens. It is situated in Lisse, the Netherlands. According to the official website for the Keukenhof Park, approximately 7 million flower bulbs are planted annually in the park, which covers an area of 32 hectares (79 acres).
KEUKENHOF Keukenhof is located in South Holland in the small town of Lisse, south of Haarlem and southwest of Amsterdam. Keukenhof is open annually from mid-March to mid-May. The best time to view the tulips is around mid-April, depending on the weather.
NEUSCHWANSTEIN CASTLE Neuschwanstein Castle is a nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany.
THE GRAND CANAL The Grand Canal is a canal in Venice, Italy. It forms one of the major water- traffic corridors in the city. Public transport is provided by water buses and private water taxis, and many tourists explore the canal by gondolas. It is 3.8 km long, and 30 to 90 m wide, with an average depth of five meters (16.5 ft).
OLD TOWN SQUARE The square features various architectural styles including the Gothic Church of Our Lady before Týn, it has been the main church of this part of the city since the 14th century, the church's towers are 80 m high.
KILLARNEY NATIONAL PARK Killarney National Park is located beside the town of Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland. It was the first national park established in Ireland, created when Muckross Estate was donated to the Irish state in 1932. It has Ireland's only native herd of red deer and the most extensive covering of native forest remaining in Ireland.
CULTURE OVERVIEW RELIGION Christianity has been the dominant religion shaping European culture for at least the last 1700 years. Christianity is the largest religion in Europe, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves Christians. Under Christianity includes: • Catholicism •Eastern Orthodoxy •Protestantism Some Europeans are also enlisted under Islam and Judaism as their religion.
CULTURE OVERVIEW CUISINES The cuisines of Western countries are diverse by themselves, although there are common characteristics that distinguishes Western cooking from cuisines of Asian countries and others. Compared with traditional cooking of Asian countries, for example, meat is more prominent and substantial in serving-size
CULTURE OVERVIEW LANGUAGES - Germanic -( English and German). The largest native group with 20% of European speaking a Germanic Language. - Romance -( Italian, French & Spanish). These language come from Latin- the language of the Roman Empire- Romance. - Slavic- mostly Northern and Eastern European Countries. Include Russia. Written in the Cyrillic Alphabet.
CULTURE OVERVIEW Afternoon tea Afternoon tea is a light meal typically eaten between 4 pm and 6 pm. Observance of the custom originated amongst the wealthy classes in England in the 1840s.
CULTURE OVERVIEW Oktoberfest Oktoberfest is the world's largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair). Held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, it is a 16-day folk festival running from mid or late September to the first weekend in October, with more than 6 million people from around the world attending the event every year.
The End La Fin- French Ende- German το τέλος (to télos)- Greek В конце (V kontse)- Russian
THANK YOU! Prepared by: Romeo John B. Balon Bohol Island State University Main Campus

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Centrifugation pharmaceutical engineering
byShraddha Bandgar
 

Europe

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    EUROPE - World's second smallestcontinent by surface area - Total land area: 4,053,309 sq miles (10,498,000 sq km) - 50 countries - the birthplace of Western culture - Christianity is the largest religion
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    EUROPE Europe is borderedby the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
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    COUNTRIES Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia CzechRepublic Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Guernsey Hungary Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Tirana Andorra la Vella Vienna Minsk Brussels Sarajevo Sofia Zagreb Prague Copenhagen Tallinn Tórshavn Helsinki Paris Berlin Gibraltar Athens Saint Peter Port Budapest Reykjavík Dublin Douglas Tirana
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    COUNTRIES Italy Jersey Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Republic of Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia SanMarino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Rome Saint Helier Pristina Riga Vaduz Vilnius Luxembourg Skopje Valletta Chisinau Monaco Podgorica Amsterdam Oslo Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow San Marino Belgrade Bratislava Ljubljana
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCESForestindustries produce more than $600 billion every year. Forestry and timber industries employ 3.7 million people, and account for 9 percent of Europe’s manufacturing gross domestic product (GDP). Europe’s most important forest industries are woodworking, paper products, and construction and furniture products. The country with the smallest percentage of forested area is Iceland (1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%).
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES Landrelief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The southern regions are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain, and at its heart lies the North German Plain.
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES ALPS Locatedin south-central Europe they extend for almost 700 miles from the coastline of southern France (near Monaco) into Switzerland, northern Italy and Austria, then southeast through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as the (Dinaric Alps)
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES ALPS Theyend in Albania on the rugged coastline of the Adriatic Sea. they're the source of many rivers and tributaries including the Danube, Po, Rhine and Rhone. The highest point is Mount Blanc at 15,771 ft. (4,807 m)
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES APENNINES Thesource of almost all rivers in Italy including the Arno, Tiber, and Volturno 830 miles (1,350 km) in length, form the backbone of the country, and run the entire length of the Italian Peninsula, ending on the island of Sicily The highest point is Mt. Corno at 9,560 ft. (2,914 m).
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES BALKAN MOUNTAINS extendfrom Yugoslavia across Bulgaria Its most famous mountain is Mt. Olympus, the highest and most awe-inspiring peak in all of Greece It was declared as the first national park in Greece in 1939 It stands at 9,568 ft. (2,918 m).
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS Stretchingfrom the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea these volcanic mountains have many peaks above 15,000 ft. (4,572 m) The highest point (and the highest point in Europe) is located here; Mt. Elbrus at 18,506 ft. (5,642 m).
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES NORTHEUROPEAN PLAIN The fertile North European Plain slopes to the north- northeast from the Alps, extending to the Baltic Sea, and on into Denmark and southern Finland, Norway and Sweden. It continues east for almost 2,500 miles (4000 km), on into the Russian Federation.
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES NORTHEUROPEAN PLAIN The land is largely flat with smaller areas of hills, including the Central Russian Uplands. Farming is prevalent and agricultural communities dot the landscape.
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES PYRENEES Thesemountains form the natural border between France and Spain and extend for about 270 miles from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea. The highest point is Pico de Aneto at 11,168 ft. (3,404 m)
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES SCANDINAVIAN SHIELD Anancient area of rocky earth peppered with granite rock that was literally ground down by receding glacial ice sheets. It's a rolling area of land covered with thousands of lakes (mostly small), linked by rivers.
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    GEOGRAPHY & LAND RESOURCES URAL MOUNTAINS TheUrals are 1,640 miles (2,640 km) in length and extend from the northern- edge of the Russian Federation down through Kazakhstan. They form a natural border between Asia and Europe. The highest point is Mt. Narodnaya at 6,214 ft. (1,894 m).
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    MINERAL RESOURCES TITANIUM SILVERCHROMIUM Norway Poland Turkey
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    MINERAL RESOURCES The continent’stop five metals in terms of percentage of total world production are: CHROMIUM (10.7 percent in 2008), used in stainless steel, dyes, and pigments SILVER (8.5 percent) ZINC (7.7 percent), used as an anti-corrosion agent LEAD (7.5 percent) TITANIUM (7.1 percent), used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, and spacecraft
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    MINERAL RESOURCES FELDSPAR used inthe production of ceramics and for archaeological dating processes KAOLIN used in ceramics, medicine, toothpaste, and cosmetics MAGNESITE used in steelmaking and rubber production PERLITE
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    MINERAL RESOURCES Russia hassome of the largest oil deposits on the planet, although most of them are in the remote Asian part of the country. Russia is also the world’s largest exporter of natural gas. Norway has significant oil deposits, and is the world’s second-largest exporter of natural gas. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are Europe’s other major producers of natural gas. The United Kingdom’s offshore facilities in the North Sea are Europe’s second-largest producer of oil.
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    CLIMATE The ocean currentknown as the North Atlantic Drift brings warm water from the tropical Atlantic toward the continent.
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    CLIMATE This water furtherwarms westerly winds and air masses, providing Europe with much of its precipitation.
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    CLIMATE Europe’s climate fallsunder two categories: marine west coast and Mediterranean.
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    CLIMATE The marine westcoast climate covers much of northwestern Europe except for Scandinavia and the mountainous regions of Eastern Germany, Poland, and Switzerland. Mild summer and winter temperatures and consistent rainfall and cloud cover characterize this climate.
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    CLIMATE The Mediterranean climatecovers the majority of Southern Europe, including Spain, Portugal, southern France, southern Italy, and Greece. Hot, nearly rainless summers and mild, rainy winters characterize this climate. Olives and grapes are two important crops that have thrived in this climate for more than a thousand years.
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    CLIMATE Principal crops includewheat, rapeseed, and potatoes. Livestock, such as sheep and cattle, are an import source of meat, dairy, and wool products. Some of the world’s finest cheeses come from this climatic region.
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    CLIMATE Spain, Italy, andGreece are the top three producers of olives in the world. France, Italy, and Spain are the top three world producers of grapes used for wine.
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Beginning inthe Black Forest region of Germany, it flows across central Europe and the countries of Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Yugoslavia. It then forms the border between Romania and Bulgaria, turning north across Romania to eventually end in the Black Sea. DANUB
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    RIVER SYSTEMS It is(1,771 miles) (2,850 km) in length, and one of the most significant commercial waterways on the continent. DANUB
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Beginning itthe southwestern Russian Federation, to the south of Moscow, it flows southeasterly towards the Volga, then turns abruptly west, ending in the Sea of Azov. Overall it's (1,224 miles) (1,969 km) in length. DO
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Rising inthe Czech Republic, the Elbe River then flows north through Germany, ending in the North Sea near Cuxhaven. It's (724 miles) (1,165 km) in length. ELBE
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Recognized asthe longest river in France, the navigable Loire begins in the foothills of the Massif Central, then flows north and west across the heartland of France, finally ending in the Bay of Biscay. It's (634 miles) (1,020 km) in length. LOIR
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Rising inthe rugged mountains of the eastern Czech Republic, it flows west and north through south-central Poland, eventually emptying into the Baltic Sea. It's (567 miles) (912 km) in length. ODE
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Italy's longestriver begins in the upper reaches of the Alps, flowing west to east across northern Italy, ending in the Adriatic Sea. It's (405 miles) (652 km) in length. PO
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    RIVER SYSTEMS This legendaryriver flows west, forming Switzerland's northeastern border with Germany, then runs directly north through western Germany forming part of that country's border with France, then finally dissecting the Netherlands and ending in the North Sea. RHIN
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Begin highin the Swiss Alps, this fast moving river flows into the eastern end of Lake Geneva, then south through south-eastern France, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Small branches run in all directions, and in overall length, it's (300 miles) (485 km). RHON
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    RIVER SYSTEMS Rising innorthwestern Ireland, it flows south through a series of lakes, then turns west to eventually empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It's 230 miles (370 km) in length. SHANNO
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    RIVER SYSTEMS The TagusRiver rises in the central highlands of Spain, flowing southwest across Portugal, then south to Lisbon and the Atlantic Ocean. It's 626 miles (1,007 km) in length. TAGUS
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    RIVER SYSTEMS The Volgais the largest river in European Russia in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. It's 3,692 km (2,294 mi) long. VOLGA
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    EIFFEL TOWER The EiffelTower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It was named after the engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
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    EIFFEL TOWER It waserected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair. The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world.
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    EIFFEL TOWER The toweris 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall. Its base is square, 125 metres (410 ft) on a side. Because of the addition of the aerial atop the Eiffel Tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft).
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    EIFFEL TOWER Not includingbroadcast aerials, it is the second-tallest structure in France, after the Millau Viaduct.
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    THE COLOSSEUM The Colosseumor Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone it is the largest amphitheatre ever built and is considered one of the greatest works of architecture and engineering.
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    THE COLOSSEUM The Colosseumis situated just east of the Roman Forum. The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators having an average audience of some 65,000, it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
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    THE COLOSSEUM Although inthe 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
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    ST. PETER’S BASILICA ThePapal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican, or simply St. Peter's, is a Late Renaissance church located within Vatican City. It is designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
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    ST. PETER’S BASILICA St.Peter's remains one of the two largest churches in the world. St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world” and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom".
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    ARC DE TRIOMPHE Itstands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle at the western end of the city. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
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    ARC DE TRIOMPHE Themonument was designed by Jean Chalgrinin 1806 and its iconographic program pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height, 45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep. The large vault is 29.19 m (95.8 ft) high and 14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide. The small vault is 18.68 m (61.3 ft) high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide. Its design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.
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    ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS TheAcropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens It was Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site's most important buildings including the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the temple of Athena Nike.
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    LEANING TOWER OFPISA The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.
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    LEANING TOWER OFPISA The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
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    THE STONEHENGE Stonehenge isa prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. Stonehenge is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks. It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.
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    BIG BEN Big Benis the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as the Elizabeth Tower
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    KEUKENHOF Keukenhof ("Kitchen garden"), also known as the Garden of Europe, is one of the world's largest flower gardens. It is situated in Lisse, the Netherlands. According to the official website for the Keukenhof Park, approximately 7 million flower bulbs are planted annually in the park, which covers an area of 32 hectares (79 acres).
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    KEUKENHOF Keukenhof is locatedin South Holland in the small town of Lisse, south of Haarlem and southwest of Amsterdam. Keukenhof is open annually from mid-March to mid-May. The best time to view the tulips is around mid-April, depending on the weather.
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    NEUSCHWANSTEIN CASTLE Neuschwanstein Castleis a nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany.
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    THE GRAND CANAL TheGrand Canal is a canal in Venice, Italy. It forms one of the major water- traffic corridors in the city. Public transport is provided by water buses and private water taxis, and many tourists explore the canal by gondolas. It is 3.8 km long, and 30 to 90 m wide, with an average depth of five meters (16.5 ft).
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    OLD TOWN SQUARE Thesquare features various architectural styles including the Gothic Church of Our Lady before Týn, it has been the main church of this part of the city since the 14th century, the church's towers are 80 m high.
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    KILLARNEY NATIONAL PARK KillarneyNational Park is located beside the town of Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland. It was the first national park established in Ireland, created when Muckross Estate was donated to the Irish state in 1932. It has Ireland's only native herd of red deer and the most extensive covering of native forest remaining in Ireland.
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    CULTURE OVERVIEW RELIGION Christianity hasbeen the dominant religion shaping European culture for at least the last 1700 years. Christianity is the largest religion in Europe, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves Christians. Under Christianity includes: • Catholicism •Eastern Orthodoxy •Protestantism Some Europeans are also enlisted under Islam and Judaism as their religion.
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    CULTURE OVERVIEW CUISINES The cuisinesof Western countries are diverse by themselves, although there are common characteristics that distinguishes Western cooking from cuisines of Asian countries and others. Compared with traditional cooking of Asian countries, for example, meat is more prominent and substantial in serving-size
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    CULTURE OVERVIEW LANGUAGES - Germanic-( English and German). The largest native group with 20% of European speaking a Germanic Language. - Romance -( Italian, French & Spanish). These language come from Latin- the language of the Roman Empire- Romance. - Slavic- mostly Northern and Eastern European Countries. Include Russia. Written in the Cyrillic Alphabet.
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    CULTURE OVERVIEW Afternoon tea Afternoontea is a light meal typically eaten between 4 pm and 6 pm. Observance of the custom originated amongst the wealthy classes in England in the 1840s.
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    CULTURE OVERVIEW Oktoberfest Oktoberfest isthe world's largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair). Held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, it is a 16-day folk festival running from mid or late September to the first weekend in October, with more than 6 million people from around the world attending the event every year.
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    The End La Fin-French Ende- German το τέλος (to télos)- Greek В конце (V kontse)- Russian
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    THANK YOU! Prepared by: RomeoJohn B. Balon Bohol Island State University Main Campus