This document provides an overview of key Buddhist concepts including the Four Noble Truths, Three Marks of Existence (dukkha, anitya, anatta), dependent origination, and the Eightfold Path. It discusses Buddhist views on topics like ethics, reincarnation, and nirvana. It also addresses modern challenges for Buddhism like population growth, technological advances, and expanding religions globally. The conclusion calls for Buddhism to adapt its teachings to current times while protecting core aspects of its philosophy.

1. BY
Ven .Dangaswewa . Vajira Thero
lC /2013/2014/143
BUPH- 32043
Under the guidance of
Ven. Dapane Chandarathana.(lecturer in Buddhist philosophy)
Bhiksu University of SriLanka

2.  Buddhism
 Ethics ,Teachings and Philosophy
in Buddhism
 Modern world
 Challenges
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Known as ‘middle way” of wisdom and
compassion
 A 2500 years old tradition that began in India and
spread as well to the far East
 A philosophy, religion and spiritual practice
followed by more than 400 million people
 Based on the teachings of the Buddha

4. Religion upholds Buddhism
Authority Empirical
Ritual Scientific
Speculation Pragmatic
Tradition Therapeutic
Grace Egalitarian
Mystery Individual

5.  The Four Noble Truths
1 Symptoms – The human life
involves continual suffering
2 Diagnosis - The cause of
suffering is self-centered desire &
attachments
3 Prognosis - The solution is to
eliminate desire and attachment,
thus achieving Nirvana (extinction).
4 Prescription - The way to
Nirvana is through the Eight-Fold
Path

6.  Dukkha: we experience life as
suffering/dissatisfaction.
Physical, Mental, Conditioned states
 Anitya: everything in this world
is characterized by
impermanence.
 The nature of the world is
transitory.
 An ever-changing self trying to
cling to a world in continual flux.
 The theory of dependent
origination.

7. Anatta: the self is impermanent.
 There is no eternal, unchanging,
autonomous self.
 Work toward eroding and eventually
eliminating the idea of permanent
individuality.
 Man consists of the 5 Skandhas
(Components)
1. Form,
2. Sensations,
3. Perception,
4. Mental Formations,
5. Consciousness
 Continuity of memory

8. Reincarnation
 Chain reaction of influence not
substance - No soul is passed
on.
 A flame being passed from
candle to candle.
 Karma has allowed for the
progression of the universe.
 There is no unmoved mover
behind movement.
 One thing passes,
conditioning the appearance of
the next in a series of cause
and effects.

9.  Unreflective – random, controlled by
circumstance and impulse.
 You see yourself as an individual ego
competing with other egos.
 Right Association – forming good habits to
release you from craving and desiring.
 You do not see yourself as separate self
apart from others.

10. To cultivate behavior that is not
motivated by the idea of self.
 Ethical Conduct – universal love and compassion or all living beings.
Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood
 Mental Discipline – meditative realization of the true nature of self
and the world.
Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration
 Wisdom – correct knowledge about reality.
Right Thought, Right Understanding

11.  Nirvana is beyond definitive
description.
 Achieving Nirvana is to escape from
the cycle of death and rebirth as well
as the cycle of suffering caused by
attachments.
 Once Gautama Buddha died, after 80
years of life in this world, having
achieved Nirvana and teaching
multitudes his way of life, he ceased
to exist as a distinct being.
 Buddhism is non-theistic: Buddha is
not the Buddhist God he is simply a
revered teacher.

12.  The world population
was estimated to
have reached 7.5
billion in April 2017.
 There are roughly
4,200 religions in the
world.
 Extremely ,develops
with the technology.
 Many a people are
money minded and
looking for better life
with it.

13.  New investigations ,under different types of
subjects, are coming into existence.
 Thinking style of human beings is becoming non
ethical and always is focused on authority, power
, domination.
 Consequently, mind stress, health problems,
residence problems , problems of peace and
harmony are coming out day by day.

14.  Expansion of other religions around
world.
 Technological development .
 Languages and communication.
 Bad influences.
 Misinterpretations on Buddhism .
 Lack of institution for both theory and
practical studies.
 lack of new technological knowledge
of agents , in the modern world.
 Converting problems due to given
context of the world

15.  With the intension of facing modern challenges,
Buddhism must be changed according to the
time being ,protecting its main aspects.
Buddhist attitudes on modern world such as
seeking bad consequences of technology,
should be optimistic and positive.

16.  Cockcroft Laurence, Global Corruption:
Money, Power, and Ethics in the Modern
World, NewYork, 2014
 Mohsen Omar and Sara Emami
, Buddhist Ethics,Indonisia,2002
 https://www.amazon.com/2.10.2017.9:p.m.
 https://tapahtumat.hanko.fi