The document discusses the estrus cycle in cattle. It notes that the estrus cycle occurs every 21 days and ovulation occurs 10-12 hours after the onset of estrus. Signs of estrus in cattle include restlessness, tail raising and switching, and clear mucus discharge from the vagina. The rate of pregnancy for the first estrus after calving is around 50%. Factors that can affect estrus include weather, nutrition, handling, and hormone and ovulation levels. The document also addresses milking practices and hygiene.

1. Dr/ mohamed newera

2. Complete
Estrus cycle occur every
Estrus season from
Ovulation occur after estrus by
If the female not accept the male we know that
Rate of prognance in first estrus after calving :
21 day
12-14 h
10 h
It inter in post estrous season
50%
N.B : after calving by 60-90day we don't use the estrus

3. 1.General restlessness
2.Arched back __to accept male
3.Rasing and switching tail
‫تلف‬4.Roming
5.Licking her body
6.Clear mucosa come from its vagina
‫بعضها‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫تنط‬7.Mounting each other
8.Decrease milk
9.Aggressive behavior

4. 1.General restlessness
2.Arched back __to accept male
3.Rasing and switching tail
‫تلف‬4.Roming
5.Licking her body
6.Clear mucosa come from its vagina
‫بعضها‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫تنط‬7.Mounting each other
8.Decrease milk
9.Aggressive behavior
10.Female accept male (search for male)

5. 1. Weather : hot very clear cool not clear
2.Hanger and thirsty
3.Low nutrition
4.Rough handling
5.The weakness
6.Level of hormone and ovulation

6. Artificial insemination (A.I)
Analysis the sperm to know if there is disease epically genetic diseases
5cm of semen 5 million sperm
Disadvantage :
1.We should have sterilize equipment
2.Special handing facilities

7. 1. unEnd complete :
Milking every 12 h and leave some milk without milking and
decease the amount of milk every day
2. Intermitted milking
Milking one time every day one morning and the next day after morning
3. Complete milking :
Not milking at al painful for animal
Pressure with gland and reabsorption

8. Mention the factor affecting on dry off ?
1. Water intake : shouldn't give large amount of water
2.Don't feed grains for 2-3 day
3.Take dry of cow away of milking cow
4.All dry of cow get away to make exercise
5.don‘t over fed the dry cow
why
1.Help in reabsorbed
2.Decrease pain

9. 1.Allow milk secretory organ to rest
2. Permit nutrition feed for fetus
3.To get her body in good fitness
Identify downer‘s cow ?
Cow become to fat at parturition
Causes :
‫متعثره‬ ‫والده‬ ‫عمليه‬1.Dystokia
‫بالجسم‬ ‫االمونيا‬ ‫نسبه‬ ‫زياده‬2. Ketosis

10. Stem up practice for pregnant cow :
1. At 6 month of progrance : 0.5-1 kg increase gradually until 2
KG per day concentrate for highly milk produce
2.Be sure not be fat or lean
3.Avoidation : I) low plane of nutrition
A) Low lactation
B) Weak and thin newly born
C)Mortality rate : high
II)high plane
A) fattening
B) high fat ovar ovary

11. 1.Developing of fetus
2.Increase daily milk yield
3.Build the body of cow
Short lactation Large amount of fat + protein
Long lactation
Decrease amount of fat +protein
Cow become to fat at parturition downer‘s cow

12. 3.Maturaty stage
From first milking period
How is the hosing of cow for milking after calving ?
1)Good suitable space
2)Good light
3)Not have any sharped
4)No toxinic wood or plant
5)Mast have yield for exercise and place for milking
6) Absorption for animal
7)Loose box for injury animal

13. System of milking : 1. Milking 2 time (6a.m and 6b.m)
2. Grooming for cow
Factor affect clean milk :
1) Workers : A)not have any diseases
B) Clean clothes
C)Clean hands
D) Not ring at hands
2)Machine : A)clean after using
B)wash by clean water +soap
C)wash by potassium permanganate
D)clean towel before using
E)sterilized

14. 3)Place
4)Animal :
: - not windy
-at least half closed
1.Grooming
2.Clean udder every time
3.Control tail if animal nervous
4.No diseases in udder
5.Healthy at least apparent health
6. Take balanced ration
7.Infected cow should milking but not use milk