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Essential Vocabulary Skills
- 1. ENG 114/214: READING INSTRUCTION Presented by: Perlita M. Ballesteros MAEd - English Essential Vocabulary Skills
- 2. What is a Vocabulary? Vocabulary plays a fundamental role in the reading process and is critical to reading comprehension. Children learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through everyday experiences with oral and written language. Other words are learned through carefully designed instruction.
- 3. What is Vocabulary? Vocabulary refers to the words we must understand to communicate effectively. Educators often consider four types of vocabulary: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- 4. What is Vocabulary? Listening vocabulary refers to the words we need to know to understand what we hear. Speaking vocabulary consists of the words we use when we speak. Reading vocabulary refers to the words we need to know to understand what we read. Writing vocabulary consists of the words we use in writing.
- 5. What is Vocabulary? Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. Beginning readers must use the words they hear orally to make sense of the words they see in print. Kids who hear more words spoken at home learn more words and enter school with better vocabularies. This larger vocabulary pays off exponentially as a child progresses through school.
- 6. What is Vocabulary? Vocabulary is key to reading comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they are reading without knowing what most of the words mean. As children learn to read more advanced texts, they must learn the meaning of new words that are not part of their oral vocabulary.
- 7. Research Studies There are studies on vocabulary instruction stated that most vocabulary is learned indirectly and that some vocabulary must be taught directly. Thus, it supports using a combination of both indirect and direct approaches.
- 8. Indirect Vocabulary Learning Indirect Vocabulary Learning Children learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through everyday experiences with oral and written language. Children learn word meanings indirectly in three ways: They engage daily in oral language They listen to adults read to them They read extensively on their own
- 9. Direct Vocabulary Learning Direct Vocabulary Learning Although a great deal of vocabulary is learned indirectly, some vocabulary should be taught directly. Direct instruction helps students learn difficult words, such as words that represent complex concepts that are not part of the students' everyday experiences. Direct instruction of vocabulary relevant to a given text leads to better reading comprehension.
- 10. Direct Instruction Direct instruction includes: Providing students with instruction in specific words that are important to students’ content learning or understanding of a particular text Teaching students more general word-learning strategies that they can apply to a variety of words, such as analyzing parts of words (e.g., root words)
- 11. Analyzing Word Parts Analyzing Word Parts The ability to analyze word parts also helps when students are faced with unknown vocabulary. If students know the meanings of root words and affixes, they are more likely to understand a word containing these word parts. Explicit instruction in word parts includes teaching meanings of word parts and disassembling and reassembling words to derive meaning (Baumann et al., 2002; Baumann, Edwards, Boland, Olejnik, and Kame'enui, 2003; Graves, 2004).
- 12. Structural Analysis Structural analysis is the process of breaking words down into their basic parts to determine word meaning.
- 13. Structural Analysis Structural analysis is a powerful vocabulary tool since knowledge of a few word parts can give you clues to the meanings of a large number of words. Although the meaning suggested by the word parts may not be exact, this process can often help you understand the word well enough that you can continue reading without significant interruption.
- 14. Structural Analysis When using structural analysis, the reader breaks words down into their basic parts: Prefixes – word parts located at the beginning of a word to change meaning Roots – the basic meaningful part of a word Suffixes – word parts attached to the end of a word; suffixes often alter the part of speech of the word
- 15. Example For example, The word ‘incredible’ can be broken down as follows: PREFIX – in – meaning: not ROOT WORD – cred – meaning: the ability to gain acceptance SUFFIX-ible – meaning: able to be ‘INCREDIBLE’ – too extraordinary and improbable to be believed
- 16. Other Examples Structural Analysis Examples and Exercises: https://drive.google.com/drive/ folders/1vxEgwo_dw-e8qTX- oPXazC25gy1fLNrv?usp=sharing
- 17. Importance The Importance of Structural Analysis Studying roots, prefixes, and suffixes helps students: Learn to break apart unfamiliar words in order to understand their overall meanings Understand how prefixes and suffixes can change a word's meaning and how much of our language is constructed Increase vocabulary and reading comprehension