Nosocomial infections refers to infections acquired during hospitalization, with symptoms usually occurring within forty–eight hours after admission, and can originate from bacterial flora present in patients, microorganisms from the environment transmitted via carriers, contaminated objects and surfaces, medical personnel, or invasive procedures. Despite their impact, surveillance systems and prevention programs for nosocomial infections are quite dishomogeneous and often lacking, due to chronic lack of funding for prevention and lack of awareness among healthcare workers.
Dive into our detailed presentation on Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs). Our slide delves deep into the types, causes, and prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of stringent healthcare protocols. Presented by Ashish Sharma, this resource offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public."
Running head hand hygiene compliance1hand hygiene compliance8.docxwlynn1
Running head: hand hygiene compliance1
hand hygiene compliance8Hand Hygiene Education Implementation and Nurses Compliance in Reducing Nosocomial Infections
Grand Canyon University NRS-490
March 31, 2019
Background
Hygiene is a very crucial factor in prevention of infection in any health care facility. Also, compliance of handwashing ensures patients safety, aids in the treatment and recovery of hospitalized patients. Hand hygiene is important action performed by healthcare works to prevent transmission of healthcare associated infection (Smiddy, O’Connell & Creedon, 2015). Health care professionals such as doctors, nurses, physical therapist and laboratory technicians, take the responsibility of providing efficient, effective and quality care that will improve the health of their patients.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the change proposal project components the author has been working on throughout the course. The goal of health care works rendering a quality, effective and efficient care to their patient in the health care setting will be difficult to achieve if the rate handwashing adherence is below expectation. Unclean healthcare environments harbor germs that can cause disease, thereby placing the patient at risk of developing infection instead of recovering from their present health condition. Healthcare providers inability to comply with hand hygiene is one the main reason patient develop hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Healthcare employees have the lives of patient in their hands therefore, hand hygiene should not by any means be neglected or dominated out in any healthcare facility.
Approximately 250 health care specialists in a Metro Detroit facility happened to be watched and assessed directly; prior to the start of the exercise, participants were selected based on their hand washing comprehension and compliance. Partakers expresses that they observed improvement on handwashing practices and that most nurses complied to hand washing guidelines evidenced by some significant reductions in the rate of transmission of HAIs within the healthcare facility. HAIs are the infections a patient acquire during the period of hospitalization. The result of the research showed a huge decrease in the spread of nosocomial infections due to progress of hand hygiene training and nurses’ compliance to handwashing protocols. These infections mostly manifest during or after 48 hours of admission or thirty days after discharge from the hospital or health-care facility. The author of this research study sees HAIs as a dangerous disease with many complications. Because inadequate handwashing practices by healthcare workers are the main cause of spread of hospital acquire infections, it is important to educate staff members on proper hand hygiene, implement plan to encourage hand hygiene compliance in the healthcare settings. Blood-stream, ulcers / surgical wounds, CAUTI and respiratory infections are the most common types of HA.
Dive into our detailed presentation on Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs). Our slide delves deep into the types, causes, and prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of stringent healthcare protocols. Presented by Ashish Sharma, this resource offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public."
Running head hand hygiene compliance1hand hygiene compliance8.docxwlynn1
Running head: hand hygiene compliance1
hand hygiene compliance8Hand Hygiene Education Implementation and Nurses Compliance in Reducing Nosocomial Infections
Grand Canyon University NRS-490
March 31, 2019
Background
Hygiene is a very crucial factor in prevention of infection in any health care facility. Also, compliance of handwashing ensures patients safety, aids in the treatment and recovery of hospitalized patients. Hand hygiene is important action performed by healthcare works to prevent transmission of healthcare associated infection (Smiddy, O’Connell & Creedon, 2015). Health care professionals such as doctors, nurses, physical therapist and laboratory technicians, take the responsibility of providing efficient, effective and quality care that will improve the health of their patients.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the change proposal project components the author has been working on throughout the course. The goal of health care works rendering a quality, effective and efficient care to their patient in the health care setting will be difficult to achieve if the rate handwashing adherence is below expectation. Unclean healthcare environments harbor germs that can cause disease, thereby placing the patient at risk of developing infection instead of recovering from their present health condition. Healthcare providers inability to comply with hand hygiene is one the main reason patient develop hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Healthcare employees have the lives of patient in their hands therefore, hand hygiene should not by any means be neglected or dominated out in any healthcare facility.
Approximately 250 health care specialists in a Metro Detroit facility happened to be watched and assessed directly; prior to the start of the exercise, participants were selected based on their hand washing comprehension and compliance. Partakers expresses that they observed improvement on handwashing practices and that most nurses complied to hand washing guidelines evidenced by some significant reductions in the rate of transmission of HAIs within the healthcare facility. HAIs are the infections a patient acquire during the period of hospitalization. The result of the research showed a huge decrease in the spread of nosocomial infections due to progress of hand hygiene training and nurses’ compliance to handwashing protocols. These infections mostly manifest during or after 48 hours of admission or thirty days after discharge from the hospital or health-care facility. The author of this research study sees HAIs as a dangerous disease with many complications. Because inadequate handwashing practices by healthcare workers are the main cause of spread of hospital acquire infections, it is important to educate staff members on proper hand hygiene, implement plan to encourage hand hygiene compliance in the healthcare settings. Blood-stream, ulcers / surgical wounds, CAUTI and respiratory infections are the most common types of HA.
Research Appraisal of a Clinical Practice Guidelineemilyparker01
With the advent of new technologies in the health sector, the needs of health care have kept pace with the new technology. A growing patient numbers, growing dimensions of disease and emerging disease, no doubt forcing the health care professionals to run after the development of new drugs and technologies for combat. At the same time, patient safety and quality health care delivery are buzzing priority for every country and every health care organization.
Contrary to their reputation as havens of healing, hospitals are home to invisible dangers known as germs that pose harm to patients and healthcare professionals alike. Hospital germ exposure has a wide range of risks, including the potential for infections, worse patient outcomes, and difficulties in preserving a secure medical environment. We examine the many aspects of hospital germ exposure in this thorough analysis, providing insight into the possible outcomes and risk-reduction tactics.
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospitals by Dr DeleKemi Dele-Ijagbulu
Infection prevention and control is everybody's business! It is an essential, though often under-recognised and under supported part of the infrastructure of health care. However it saves lives and prevents avoidable morbidity and mortality. This presentation highlights the importance and the practical components of infection prevention and control in the hospital setting.
Research Appraisal of a Clinical Practice Guidelineemilyparker01
With the advent of new technologies in the health sector, the needs of health care have kept pace with the new technology. A growing patient numbers, growing dimensions of disease and emerging disease, no doubt forcing the health care professionals to run after the development of new drugs and technologies for combat. At the same time, patient safety and quality health care delivery are buzzing priority for every country and every health care organization.
Contrary to their reputation as havens of healing, hospitals are home to invisible dangers known as germs that pose harm to patients and healthcare professionals alike. Hospital germ exposure has a wide range of risks, including the potential for infections, worse patient outcomes, and difficulties in preserving a secure medical environment. We examine the many aspects of hospital germ exposure in this thorough analysis, providing insight into the possible outcomes and risk-reduction tactics.
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospitals by Dr DeleKemi Dele-Ijagbulu
Infection prevention and control is everybody's business! It is an essential, though often under-recognised and under supported part of the infrastructure of health care. However it saves lives and prevents avoidable morbidity and mortality. This presentation highlights the importance and the practical components of infection prevention and control in the hospital setting.
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Examples Of Outline For Thesis
Example
Definition/Description
Significance to the Thesis
Pueblo
Pueblo people are Native Americans who resided in the Southwest United States.
The significance of Pueblo to the thesis is that since the spread of maize cultivation, the Pueblo people advanced irrigation due to the climate.
Navaho
Native Americans located in New Mexico and Arizona.
The significance of the Navaho tribe to the thesis is that this group sustained themselves by using irrigation systems to grow food.
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Sociology as Essay
Examine the ways in which sociologists can contribute to our understanding of how social identity is shaped by gender. (24 marks)
An identity is who we are, this is made up of how we see ourselves and how others see us. Social identity is based on one s membership to particular groups in society. This essay will examine the way in which sociologist contribute to our understanding by providing theories and ideas of how social identity is shaped by gender.
Ann Oakley, a feminist sociologist suggested that there are four ways in which gender socialization takes place during primary socialization. These are manipulation, canalization, verbal appellations, and different activities. Manipulation is when parents encourage behaviour that is...show more content...Parents direct their child interest into certain behaviour according to their gender, for example when boys are younger they are encouraged to play football and be aggressive and they are discouraged from crying. And girls are encouraged to play with dolls and to look after their appearance. Feminists believe this is how an individual s social identity is shaped by gender.
However post modernists sociologists criticize the feminist theory. Post modernists believe that due to social and economic changes, female role and identities are changing. The changes in the job market has led to a decline in traditional labour jobs that employed men and new jobs in the service sector are increasing. These jobs in the service sector are aimed at employing women. As women are going out to work their values are changing so female identities are changing.
Similarly today s idea of masculinity is different, there are other types
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Witness Film Essay
The film Witness(underline witness), Directed by Peter Weir was famous in 1984. This film is about two cultures clashing with each other the Amish and The Western Society and a story line of a murder crime. A big city cop who knows too much...His only evidence: A small boy who s seen too much . The main character of this film is Harrison Ford as John Book. Today I will be talking about two of the themes Peter Weir uses in the film Witness . They are the clash of two worlds and power.
The first theme that I would like to speak about is the clash of two worlds The Amish and The Western Society . This theme, Weir has made a clear comparison between the two worlds. They could not work together in harmony because of the differences in...show more content...While the City life is crowded with transport, people, tall, tightly spaced buildings and the pollution the urban community live in. The city lives are dealt with violence, greed and criticism of the people. The dull colour of scene where people are rushing to reach their destination and the heavy and quick pace of the music has change dramatically from the opening scene as the changes is when Rachel and Samuel got on the train to go and visit her sister in the city. As the train starts to travel you could hear a great change of music from calm and soothing music to a rush and mysterious sound of the music with this it tries to tell us that Rachel and Samuel are travelling for the first time out of their comfort zone of their home into a world that is strange and unknown to them.
As an audience we could see how Weir has portrayed negative thoughts of the city life while the Amish country life is a positive. Becau
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Personal Brand
(THE HEADER)
TO: Dr. Kamal Ghose, Marketing 201 Human resource manager
FROM: Fatimah Zahra Tengku, Marketing 201 Student
DATE: 19 March 2009
SUBJECT: Fatimah s personal brand statement
(THE OPENING)
The impact of current recession towards potential graduating student is no doubt will be another reason that amplifies the need for a properly branded university graduate. This memo will have the basic idea of the branding definition, the vital personal information of the writer, and the analysis that will ultimately lead the point that will have Fatimah s suggested development for her to be standing out in the current highly competitive employment reality.
Brand has always been associated with marketing. Thus brand can...show more content...Just like any branding process, the basic understanding of the product is extremely important, as this will allow the differentiation of that product with any potential competitor. Similarly, in term of individual human, the talent, interest, goals, experience and resource can be the parameters for understanding the product itself. Hence, the next section will explore the parameters in the form of bullet points.
(THE DISCUSSION)
Details the key points and recommendations
Support the ideas that given
(Personally relevant)
Talent
Brands are also effectively devices for symbolically expressing something to us. Personally, I am good in web designing as well as creating web flash. I have completed a diploma in business Information system from the Multimedia University of Malaysia. Basically, I have strong it knowledge as well as crucial computer skills. As a result from properly maintaining my diploma skills, I have mana
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Non-Profit Organizations Paper
Not for profit organizations are also known as the third sector or even NGOS (Non government organisations. They have very diverse and different backgrounds such as voluntary organisations and social movements that can be classified in government or business sectors. For example like Mercy Relief organisations where they respond to human tragedies and disasters in Asia Pacific. They are Singapore s leading private and independent disaster relief that provides emergency aid within 72 hours after a major disaster (Mercy Relief, 2015). Adams and de Bussy, 2008 has quoted various contrasting definitions on NGOs. An example will be NGOs are Organisations or a group of people working independently of any external control with specific objectives
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The Columbian Exchange Essay example
The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of plants, animals, food, and diseases between Europe and the Americas. In 1492, when Christopher Columbus came to America, he saw plants and animals he had never seen before so he took them back with him to Europe. Columbus began the trade routes which had never been established between Europe and the Americas so his voyages initiated the interchange of plants between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, which doubled the food crop resources available to people on both sides of the Atlantic. When the Europeans explored the Americas, they were introduced to new plants, foods, and animals, as well as riches and land. Foods such as corn, white and sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, cacao, fruits,...show more content...Grains such as wheat, rye, barley, oats and rice were shared. Citrus fruits, grapes, onions, cabbage, turnips, cotton, coffee, sugarcane, as well as spices and herbs, were among the many other foods and plants introduced to Native American culture. Also introduced were European religion and culture, new tools for agriculture, and new weaponry such as knives and firearms. One consequence of the exchange was mass death. In the search for new routes for trade, people of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas came in contact with each other, causing the spread of disease. Columbus s colonization brought a host of new diseases to the populations of the Americas. Europeans exported their diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis and smallpox. In return, European traders and colonizers returned the Europe with syphilis and typhus from the Americas. The slave trade caused the spread of malaria and yellow fever
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Essay about Infection Control
Nosocomial infections refers to infections acquired during hospitalization, with symptoms usually occurring within forty–eight hours after admission.
The origin of nosocomial infections can be attributed to the following: – Bacterial flora already present in the patient; – Microorganisms from the
environment through transmission from: carriers colonized at admission, admitted to wards without undergoing surveillance, isolation or eradication of
the germ(s); patients who have developed the infection but who have not been isolated;contact with contaminated objects and surfaces; medical
personnel, usually via their hands; invasive procedures such as the installation or maintenance of a device(1). The current probability of infection in
...show more content...
The increase in infection–related health activity is the result of a gradual increase in specific risk factors such as antibiotic pressure and the greater
complexity of patients' conditions. Despite their strong impact, both socially and economically, the surveillance systems and programs currently
deployed for the prevention of nosocomial infections are quite dishomogeneous and, in many situations, do not exist at all. There are two main
discriminating factors in this critical situation. The first relates to the chronic lack of funds for a serious policy of prevention, particularly in terms of
an effective screening process. The second concerns the lack of accurate knowledge and widespread awareness on the part of health–care operators
who are apparently unable to see the problem, in its complexity, as a factor that impacts on all health–care processes, be that at regional or hospital
level. Another crucial element to consider is the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics,given the widespread use of these drugs as a
prophylactic or a therapeutic regimen. Main Body i) How MRSA relates to the disease symptoms Non–specific resistance, to an invading organism, or
pathogen, is a defence mechanism the body employs to protect itself from attack (Tortora and Grabowski 1996). Inflammation, response to bacterial
invasion, occurs due to release of chemicals in the bloodstream
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2. Unwashed Hands Essay
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION: INFECTION CONTROL 1
Universal Precaution: Infection Control Hand–Washing
Stuti Patel Unitek College Ms. Brooks UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION: INFECTION CONTROL 2
Prevention and infection control is very critical for all health care settings. There are many activities that can be performed in order to limit the spread
of infection and to provide a safe and controlled environment for not only the patients but also the staff and visitors at any healthcare facilities. "Hand
hygiene (HH) in the healthcare setting is considered as an important infection control measure in the prevention of HAIs (Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention 2002)"( Avsar, G., Kasikci, M., & Yagci, N. ,2015).Hand washing is a simple but effective way...show more content...
Nurses are required to learn, understand and follow the correct technique of hand washing since they are the ones that spend the most time with the
patients. Raising awareness to hand washing is very important to help control infection and reduce mortality rates. It is one of the most effective
methods to prevent cross contamination. CDC has set guidelines for healthcare workers to follow to give an understanding of the when it is necessary
to wash hands in a health care setting. Hand washing not only is important in a health care facility, but also equally important everywhere from ones
home to a public place in order to control infection
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3. Infection Control Case Study
Infection control awareness was raised to inform the staff the important strategies used to prevent infection and how to prevent it. And also to make
sure staff are abiding to hospital policies and procedure. I had conference meeting with Director of infection control nurse and infection control nurse.
I had the opportunity to interact and educated the nurses on how to prevent infection through hand washing. I demonstrated the knowledge of infection
control and how to prevent and control it. The mission and goals of the organization at Mid Hudson Regional Hospital is located on the walls of the
facility and on the internet where it is visibily to everyone.
I was able to discuss how to prevent infection with several healthcare staff....show more content...
It is our ethical duty to protect the rights of each patients.One ethical issue that arise is the
MHRH is driven on evidenced based research for their processes. I did some research on infection control policies before deciding on what topic to
address and before meeting with the Infection Control Nurse.
I worked with the infection control nurse in raising awareness on infection control. Handouts on how to prevent infection was given to most of the staff
including my preceptor, Nursing Supervisors and administrators. Evidenced based research asserted that proper hand hygiene will help in reducing and
preventing infection.
I was able to observe and question the staff about the use of infection control protocols for the prevention of infection.
MHRH has many updated protocols and policies and they are in compliance with CDC. Information on how to prevent infection is in the Infection
Control manual. I questioned some of the nursing staff on how they would prevent infection.
Handouts on how to prevent infection was developed for all the staff including the nurses and the managers.
I determined the effect of infection on patients. There is policy in place on how to prevent infection (hand
5. infection control
Unit ICO1 The principles of infection prevention and control
Outcome 1 Understand roles and responsibilities in the prevention and control of infections
1.The main roles and responsibilities of the employee in relation to prevention and control of infection are as follows:
To use protective clothing when needed to stop cross contamination. This includes gloves, aprons and masks.
To wash hands regularly and effectively. This needs to be done after handling food, personal care, toileting etc.
To ensure your health doesn't pose a risk to others. This can be if you have been vomiting, cold symptoms etc. To avoid cross contamination.
To ensure your hygiene is good at all times as not to pose a risk to others by passing on germs and...show more content...
It could be fatal resulting in death.
Outcome 4 Understand the importance of risk assessment in relation to the prevention and control of infections
1.Risk is a situation, action or event that may cause harm or damage to an individual or to yourself. Risk of infection can be not hand washing, not
cleaning equipment after use and not disposing of clinical waste safely and properly as not to cause cross contamination.
2.Infections are unavoidable in the care home as there are so many risks. Potential risks can include the poor hygiene of a resident. This can be
caused by them refusing to wash or bathe. Food poisoning is a risk if the kitchen and food surface aren't kept clean at all times. Another potential risk
is not cleaning equipment after use, as this can cross contaminate others causing harm to them. You must also make sure you dispose of clinical waste
in the correct way, in the correct bins and tie bags up straight away as this can lead to a risk of infection.
3. Five steps to risk assessment can be followed to ensure that your risk assessment is carried out correctly, these steps are as follows:
Identify the hazards – Hazards can be identified by using a number of different techniques. This can include walking around the workplace, asking
employees and asking family members.
Who might be harmed and how? – Once hazards have been identified you need to understand who will be harmed and how. This could be the resident
themselves, the staff or visitors.
7. The Prevention Of Infection Control
The purpose of this essay is to tackle the importance of infection control. It will begin with presenting the prevalence of infection in the health care
setting. It will provide discussion infection control practices and measures that will break the chain of infection while presenting the problems or issues
that arise in such practices. A wide range of literature will be provided in order to support arguments. At the end of this essay, recommendation and
inputs for future practice will be discussed. Infection control is becoming a major issue and concern for the health sector all over the world especially
with the increasing and alarming antibiotic resistant infections. (DH, 2003) In the health care sector in New Zealand and other developed countries,
healthcare associated infection is one of the most common adverse events, four to ten percentage of patients acquire one or more infections during their
time in the hospital . (HQSC, 2015) It is known that infection has increased significantly hospital cost and lengthening hospitalisation stay, in addition,
25,000 patient death has been associated with infection . (Borton & Mcleane , 2000) However, despite the ominous number, the situation can be
improved through simple measure with strict implementation to prevent the chain of infection from being completed. The World Health
Organizationhas identified the Infection Control Program to hold a unique and vital position in the field of patient health, safety and quality as it
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8. Infection Control In Health Care Essay
Infection control within a healthcare facility is the prevention of the spread of many microorganisms from patient to patient, patient to a member of
staff and also from the staff member to the patient that are in there care. The World Health Organisation have defined healthcare associated infections
as an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other healthcare facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of
admission. Every healthcare facility from hospitals to general practitioners office should have a designated member of staff or a team of people who
ensure that the infection control procedures are abided by and adhered to at all times in order to protect both staff and patients. More than 300,000
people each year are affected by a healthcare associated infection and the cost of treatment for these patients is over ВЈ3,000 and there is also the cost
of treatment after discharge.
The Standard Precautions
Standard precautions are set in place in order to prevent the transmission of infections from one individual to another. There are numerous ways in
which infections can spread if standard precautions are not met:
Person to person via hands of healthcare providers, patients and visitors
Clothing...show more content...
Protective clothing does not have to be worn at all times within the facility as there is a chance that instead of preventing the infection they could also
carry around the healthcare associated infections if it is worn when it is not necessary. Before any member of the healthcare team decides to wear any
kind of protective clothing it is important that they assess the risk of the transmission of the infection to themselves and the patient. Protective clothing
must be worn at all times when there are bodily fluids, blood, secretions or excretions from the patient as this will prevent any
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9. Infection Control Essay
Nursing Procedures Followed to Control and Prevent Nosocomial / Hospital Acquired Infection's (HCAI'S) Table of Contents Table of
Contents.................................................................................Page 1 Essay.................................................................................................Page 2 – 7
Reference List......................................................................................Page 8 The Nursing Procedures Followed to Control and Prevent Nosocomial
/ Hospital Acquired Infection's (HCAI'S) This essay will explore the subject Infection Control and how Healthcare Professionals control and prevent
nosocomial or hospital acquired infections (HCAI's), defined as an "infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one
acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff" Oxford Dictionary...show more content...
Due to the staphylococcus aureus strains becoming antibiotic–resistant towards penicillin alternative treatments were developed, meticillin, cloxacillin
and flucloxacillin, from using penicillin as its base and are able to treat such infections. A service user who may be considered as compromised
are those individuals that are more vulnerable and therefore at a greater risk to infection, an example of which is a service user with reduced
immunity. These said service users or individuals would make it far easier for pathogens to enter the body than it would of a healthy individual.
Another factor that would make it far easier for these pathogens to enter would be the use of an invasive device and/or procedure that bypasses the
body's normal and first line of defence, which is the skin. For instance, a ventilator or catheter, which is a flexible tube inserted through a narrow
opening into a body cavity, duct or vessel. An example of this is when a catheter is used within the bladder to allow drainage and elimination of fluid,
therefore diligent hand hygiene is the most proficient way in reducing transmission of nosocomial infections during the provision of care to such
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10. Academic Literacy: Reflective essay17 Aug. 14
Gillian van Aardt – 214097226
Infection Control:
In the hospital or clinical environment infection control must be exercised for the better health of the patient and to avoid exposure to the healthcare
worker. Infection is the establishment and growth of a pathogen inside the human body. Infection control is thus the management of these infections to
prevent injury to the patient resulting in disease. In the diagnostic ultrasound department, the good use of infection control is critical to avoiding
contamination from patient to patient and to the sonographer because of the close proximity to each other and repeated use of medical equipment. Due
to the wide use of ultrasound for diagnosis, the sonographer is exposed to a wider variety of potential infection...show more content...
Being immune compromised, or immunosuppressed, these patients are at risk of acquiring further infections in the hospital environment. Such hospital
acquired infections are called nosocomial infections. The greater need for medical attention of a patient, the higher the risk of acquiring a nosocomial
infection. Some pathogens which cause infection use the opportunity of an immune compromised patient, to grow and reproduce where in normal
circumstances it could not do this. In diagnostic medical sonography, the sonographer is very close to the patient physically which provides a gateway
for infection to spread from the sonographer to the patient and vice versa. It is thus important not to go to work sick for the patient and their own health.
The hospital is home to many pathogens due to the amount of patients suffering from infection, and because these patients are immunosuppressed,
healthcare workers need to be vigilant about controlling the spread of infection to provide quality care to the
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11. Infection Control Practices
Infection prevention and control practices should be included in job descriptions, as it enables staff to be aware from the very moment of starting work
the company's expectations of them. This prompts them to take on board policies and procedures in relation to infection control and the importance of
it in creating a safe environment. Any failing of the staff can then be brought to focus from within the job description, as this requires a signature from
them in agreement that they understand what is outlaid in their job description.
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12. Infection Control Essay
Reflective Essay
Word count
1,000
Placement , Infection Control Team
Dip/HE Adult Nursing
02/09
This reflective essay is based upon my experience working alongside the Infection Prevention and Control Support Nurses at the general hospital. As
part of my learning experience as a 2nd year student nurse is to accompany the infection control nurses when visiting the wards The role of the IPCSN
involved teaching, educating and advising all disciplines across the Trust, monitoring outbreaks and daily surveillance.
I will structure this essay using Gibbs Model of Reflection (Gibbs 1988). Reflective learning helps practitioners analyse their experiences and how they
think and feel about them before...show more content...
Staff were advised to encourage fluids especially with the patient's suspected with nurovirus and commence them on a Bristol stool chart in order to
monitor the diarrhoea a food chart and fluid balance chart to keep a record of the input and output. By documenting the information correctly enables
nurses adhere to the NMC code for good record keeping (NMC 2009) who recommend that stating the date, time, signing and printing alongside is
good practice.
On reflection I have learned by being with the IPCT the importance of sending samples off when the first episode of diarrhoea and vomiting occurs
leasing with team members. The IPCT emphasises prompt screening of suspecting patients for a norovirus as early detection of the signs can prevent
an outbreak on the ward. I have become aware that the mode of transmission of norovirus means it is not always possible to avoid becoming infected
13. (Nursing Times 2011). The trust provides mandatory training to inform nursing staff on the most recent infection control measures in practice. Hence,
good hygiene and the isolation of infected individuals can limit the spread. Good communication is important with all visitors and staff, including
cleaners.
However, everybody who has contact with the patient or the environment is entitled to relevant information that will enable them to reduce the risks of
transmission to
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14. Why Is Infection Control Important? Essay
Why is Infection Control Important? Infection control is very important in the health care profession. It's very important that we as a dental assistant
make sure we follow the guidelines to protect the patient, the community and ourselves. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection
control, can expose multiple bacteria and diseases to others. The main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients
and health personnel. Today, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. We have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to
their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if
they are infectious and take special precautions when handling them. In this essay, I will go in detail of infection control practices in dental clinics and
how infectious microorganisms are transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines that are important in dental
clinics and how to protect the dental professional environment and dental professions. There are two types of diseases that dental professions should be
aware of which are communicable disease and disease transmission. Communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a
variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten
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15. Infection Control in Dental Care Essay
Infection control is a central concept to every practice of health care providers. Its main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases
from both patients and health personnel (Martin et al., 2010). In dental clinic, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. They have
to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the
dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and special precautions must be taken to handle them. In this essay, I will highlight the
scope of infection control practices in dental clinics and the ways through which infectious microorganisms are transmitted...show more content...
Modes of infection: There are four ways through which infectious diseases in dental clinics may be transmitted from patients to dental professionals
(Szymanska, 2005). Infectious diseases might be contracted directly from the patients to dentists, hygienists or dental assistants through blood–borne
bacteria and saliva. The contamination might happen from a needle stick, other accidental injuries of sharp instruments, or through an aerosol of
blood, saliva or gingival secretions. Also, they might be contracted indirectly through transfer of microorganisms from a contaminated object in the
clinic (Bednarsh & Molinri, 2010). Also, the contamination might occur as a result of spatter of blood, saliva, or nasopharyngeal secretions directly
onto broken or intact skin. The fourth way is through aerosolization which means the transmission of infectious microorganisms in the air of the
dental clinic (Rautemaa et al., 2006). Blood and saliva borne bacteria are mainly the reason for some serious infectious diseases (Szymanska, 2005,
Martin et al., 2009). For example, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known virus that may be contracted in dental clinics. Investigation of the presence of
the virus in the oral fluids of hepatitis B carriers showed that %70 of their sample were infectious (Molinari & Harte, 2010). The greatest concentration
of the HBV is under the gingival sulucs where this area is inflamed routinely and allows blood to mix
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16. infection control
The principles of infection prevention and control
Outcome 1
Explain employee's roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection
1 'It is our responsibility as employees to take precautionary measures to prevent and control the spread of infection in the workplace; this involves
working safely to protect myself, other staff, visitors and individuals from infections. Some of the legislation and regulations that relate to the control
and prevention of infection include the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA), the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) and the
Reporting of Injury, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR). It is important as employees that we are aware of...show more
content...
Legal regulations that come under HASAWA include The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH), this is relevant as it is about the
prevention and control of pathogens and managing the safe storage and use of hazardous substances. Reporting of Injury, Disease and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) is relevant as it requires that any infection or disease that is work related be recorded and reported.
There are regulatory bodies such as the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Food
Standards Agency (FSA) that produce standards to guide and inform infection prevention and control practices. The HSE is an independent regulator
for work–related health, safety and illness; provide information and advice to reduce risks of accidents occurring in the workplace including the
spread of infections. NICE is responsible for providing guidance on the most effective ways to prevent, diagnose and treat disease and ill health. The
FSA is responsible for food safety and food hygiene and providing advice on food safety issues.
2 describe local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection.
Local and organizational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection are The Public Health (control of disease) Act 1984, Social Care
Act, the NICE guidelines and also the companies policies and procedures that relate to infection prevention and
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17. Infection Control
The aim of this essay is to discuss and analyse the fundamental issues of infection control which underpins Adult Nursing. The topic for discussion is
infection control/nosocomial infections in particular Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are varying degrees of the strain
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and some strains are classed as MRSA (National Health Service (NHS) Plus, 2005). Not all strains of the
bacterium will cause an epidemic. Epidemic causing MRSA is classified as EMRSA, most notably EMRSA–15 and EMRSA–16, which can be more
difficult to control (Department of Health (DH), 2004). However, for the purpose of this essay, the author will focus on MRSA in an acute setting,
which has become a major...show more content...
Indicating, being in isolation is for patients to be away from all things that are routine and familiar. Their daily living and independence is disrupted
which may evoke fear, anxiety, depression and rapid mood changes. Although being isolated can have a negative impact on patients, most patients
welcome the thought of being isolated, so they can have a restful night and more privacy. Madeo (2001) and Wilkens et al (1988) cited by Madeo
(2003) found that patients admitted to an infectious disease unit do not develop any deleterious mental changes attributed to isolation, and found that a
number of patients preferred the solitude of isolation as they were guaranteed a good nights sleep. Therefore, a part of the nurse's role may incorporate
a couple of nursing theories, to ensure the patient's needs are met. For the psychological aspect, the Abdellah's nursing theory is appropriate. George
(2002) states Abdellah's Nursing Theory emphasizes delivering nursing care for the whole person to meet the emotional and social needs of the patient.
Therefore, encouraging family and friends to visit, while providing education on how to protect them and may alleviate the patient from being anxious,
and patients continued progress to recovery. Neuman's nursing theory suggest addressing the psychological affects of HAI or the threat of acquiring an
infection is that the best defence is offence, tackle the situation before there is a situation.
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18. Infection Control And The Dental Clinic Essay
Infection control is very important in the health care profession. It's very important that we as a dental assistant make sure we follow the guidelines to
protect the patient, the community and ourselves. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, can expose multiple bacteria
and diseases to others. The main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel. Today, infection
control is a continuous concern for its professionals. We have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus
that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and take special
precautions when handling them. In this essay, I will go in detail of infection control practices in dental clinics and how infectious microorganisms are
transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines that are important in dental clinics and how to protect the
dental professional environment and dental professions. There are two types of diseases that dental professions should be aware of which are
communicable disease and disease transmission. Communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways
that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect (ACPHD). Disease
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19. Infection Control Essays
Infection control is very important in the health care profession. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, allow
themselves to become susceptible to a number of infections. Among the most dreaded of these infections are: hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV),
and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Another infection which has more recently increased in prevalence is methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). These infections are all treated differently. Each infection has its own symptoms, classifications, and incubation periods. These
infections are transmitted in very similar fashions, but they do not all target the same population. Hepatitis B was the first of the hepatitis viruses to be
...show more content...
Only a small percentage of individuals infected will develop chronic hepatitis B.
The majority of individuals with chronic hepatitis B were infected as infants or children (Worman, 2006). Individuals infected with chronic hepatitis B
are likely to develop liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The symptoms associated with chronic hepatitis B are: fatigue, weakness, depression, loss
of appetite, and immune–related disorders (Worman, 2006). Individuals may also experience symptoms which occur in other areas of the body then
liver. Chronic hepatitis B can also be further divided into three categories; inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and chronic hepatitis B, which
can be HBeAg positive or HBeAg negative, and resolved chronic hepatitis B (Zein & Edwards, 2009).
Individuals with inactive hepatitis B surface antigen are referred to as chronic carriers. These individuals may not show clinical signs of the
disease. They do not exhibit raised levels of AST and ALT, but they tend to have low viral loads (Zein & Edwards, 2009). Individuals with HBeAg
positive or negative tend to exhibit higher viral loads and they are both contagious (Zein & Edwards, 2009). Individuals who are HBeAg negative do
not have the antigen themselves, but are still able to spread the disease to others. Individuals who have resolved chronic hepatitis B are less likely to
develop liver cancer or cirrhosis and their AST, ALT, and
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20. Infection Control
1.1 Identify the differences between Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and parasites.
The common characteristics of bacteria:
Bacteria are microscopic single–cell organisms.
Different types of bacteria can be identified by their size and shape.
Bacteria can multiply outside the body.
Most bacteria need moisture, time, warmth and nutrients to survive and multiply.
Some bacteria are helpful.
Some bacteria produce toxins which cause unpleasant symptoms.
Most bacteria can be treated with antibiotics.
Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
The common characteristics of viruses:
Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope because they are so small.
Only one or two particles are required to cause an infection....show more content...
Poor practice
Not Washing hands frequently especially after dealing with any bodily fluids. Staff not staying at home if they are sick. Use a tissue, or cough and
sneeze into your arm, not your hand. Turn away from other people. Open wounds not being covered especially on the hands. The incorrect use of PPE
or the none use of PPE. Sharing personal items between each other. Incorrect food prep and storage.
2.1 Explain the conditions needed for the growth of micro–organisms.
The main requirements for the growth of micro–organisms are time and moisture, some need oxygen and warmth, (although micro–organisms can live
without air and live in temperatures from 0 to 40 + degrees).
2.2 Explain the ways an infection agent might enter the body.
21. Microorganisms must either attach to, or penetrate one of bodies surfaces. The site through which a microorganism enters the body is called the route
of entry. The skin acts as a protective barrier, in order to cause infection the microorganism must break through the protective barrier. they either do this
through a natural opening such as the mouth ,nose, ears, eyes, urethra, rectum or vagina, or enter through a unnatural break in the skins surface such as
cuts and grazes, bites or scratches. They can also occur through a surgical wound caused by a operation. Also conditions such as psoriasis or eczema
cause breaks in the skin which microorganisms can enter.
2.3 Identify
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22. Hospital Infection Control: A Systematic Literature Review of Health Care–Acquired Infections As the scientific and health communities continue to
march on with their efforts to identify, research, and thus educate the rest of the world, it is in an ongoing effort to acknowledge new information and
allow its application into todays care practices. Taking the opportunity to attend any plethora of medical conferences is a good way to learn about
new studies, technology, and changes in practice. For those of us who do not have that kind of time, the internet can be a valuable source for
literature. One area of continued review and revisions to be researched is in the branch of infection control, but more specifically the rate and result of
the physical, emotional, and financial toll of health–care acquired infections in hospital settings. Following recent and accumulative research will allow
us to figure out the most proficient and cost–effective way to reduce the risk of HAI. I first began my search by typing in such phrases as "infection
control", "preventing health–care associated infections", "hospital–acquired infections", "infection control and nursing", "hospital–acquired infections
statistic in Florida", and "infection control reduction in nursing". I was beginning to see that there was an astounding amount of resources to cover so I
began to filter threw them in regards to the causes of infection in hospitalized patients, the rate of infections, and solutions to
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23. Infection Control Memo
MEMO TO: Infection Control Professionals, doctors FROM: Communicable Disease Control Section Department of Public Health DATE: November
/29/2015 SUBJECT: Viral Diseases Reporting Please remember that winter is on the doors and it is the season of Viral Diseases. Kids, elders ,and
pregnant women are the most effective Preparation Remember that these are microscopic germs like flu is most common so please prepare ahead to
diagnose the prodrome to prophylactic the winter disease. Infection Control Highlights of the defilement control information are that standard, contact
and airborne security measures are endorsed for organization of hospitalized patients with suspect or certified MERS–CoV infection. For person
cautious equipment
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