The document discusses the history of language teaching methods from ancient times to the present, outlining key approaches used in different eras from grammar translation to communicative language teaching. It then analyzes influential factors for language instruction in the 21st century, including technology, the internet, social media, and understanding how the brain learns a second language. The document advocates for student-centered, blended learning approaches like flipped classroom that incorporate multimedia and technology.

1. ESOL 2020
HARRY GLASS, ESOL TEACHER
QUEENS LIBRARY ALC

2. Introductions
1.Name
2.Where you are from
3.What you would like to learn today

3. Historical Perspective
Multi-Dimensional Growth
Information Age
1960 AD to ???

4. Historical Perspective
GROWTH OF SOCIETY
1. Pre-Agrarian Age 7 million BC to 4000 BC




Hominid Age (pre-man evolved)
Scavenging Age – family the social organization
Hunting/gathering Age – village social organization
Horticultural Age – city social organization
2. Agrarian age 4000 BC to 1700 AD – city and regional social organization
3. Industrial age 1700 AD to 1960 AD – national social organization
4. Information age 1960 AD to ??? – international social organization

5. Historical Perspective
GROWTH OF COMMUNICATIONS
1. Pre-Agrarian Age 7 million BC to 4000 BC – simple hand tools
 Writing is invented
2. Agrarian age 4000 BC to 1700 AD – mechanical tools
 Parchment is first used
 keeping records, business transactions, religious documents
 Printing press
 The rise of commerce

6. Historical Perspective
GROWTH OF COMMUNICATIONS
3. Industrial age 1700 AD to 1960 AD – mass production
 Mass produced text and communications (using telegraph and later the telephone)
 Mass production of automobile, airplane and railroad for travel
 Motors are key technology component
4. Information age 1960 AD to ??? – electronics
 Miniaturization
 Imbedded computers
 Personalization
 3 D printing
 Smart phones
 Connectedness
 Internet

7. Historical Perspective
Timeline of Communications Tools

8. Historical Perspective
GROWTH OF LANGUAGES AND ESL
1. Pre-Agrarian Age 7 million BC to 4000 BC
 Languages develop
2. Agrarian Age 4000 BC to 1700 AD
 Languages spread via Territorial Empires
 Julius Caesar
 Alexander the Great
 Genghis Khan
 Ferdinand and Isabella

9. Historical Perspective
GROWTH OF LANGUAGES AND ESL
3. Industrial Age 1700 AD to 1960 AD
 First England then United States develop as world powers
4. Information Age 1960 AD to ???
 English is ubiquitous
 Commerce / Finance
 Law
 Science/Engineering
LINGUA FRANCA

10. Methods
Name some teaching
methods that we have
seen prior to CLT

11. Methods
TIMELINE OF TEACHING METHODS FOR SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 Utility approach – use language (i.e. speak and understand)
 Analysis approach – analyze language (i.e. grammar rules, read, translate)
Utility
Analysis
Utility
Analysis
Direct
Reading
Audio
Linguistic
plus others
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Greek / Latin
Renaissance
700BC-500AD
14TH-17TH
Century
17th Century 19th Century 19th Century 20th Century 20th Century
Early
Late
Early
PostWorldWar II
Historian: Marilyn Rymniak, LAC TESLA 2012

12. Methods
NINE TWENTIETH CENTURY APPROACHES
Grammar
Translation Direct
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1
2
OralAudio
Linguistic Situational
Affective- Comprehension
Reading
Cognitive Humanistic
(UK)
(US)
-Based
Communicative
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9

13. Methods
NINE TWENTIETH CENTURY APPROACHES
1.Grammar Translation = focus on grammar parsing with native language instruction
2.Direct Approach = Conversational dialogues
3.Reading Approach = Reading comprehension with grammar and vocabulary for aid
4.Audiolingualism = oral-aural proficiency via mimicry-memorization
5.Oral-Situational = practice orally in various situations (i.e. at the bank, at the store)

14. Methods
NINE TWENTIETH CENTURY APPROACHES
6.Cognitive Approach = language viewed as rule acquisition and vocabulary
stressed
7.Affective-Humanistic Approach = Meaningful communication is emphasized
and working in pairs and small groups
8.Comprehensive-Based Approach = Learner should not speak until ready to do
so and comprehensible input is key
9.Communicative Approach = Language is seen as a system of communication
and skills are integrated

15. Methods
Class exercise:
What do you think are the new methods
for the 21st Century?

16. Wordle.com

17. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
1.Internet
2.Search
3.Social Media
4.Technology
5.CCSS or Common Core State Standards
6.CCR or College and Career Readiness
7.Understanding how the brain learns a second
language

18. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
1. Growth
of the
internet

19. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
5. CCSS requires new skills to be developed
Explicit Skills:
Critical Thinking
Global Communication
Collaboration
Information Literacy
Information Management
Media/Technology Literacy
Inherent Skills:
Global Empathy
Questioning
Problem Solving
Creativity and
Innovative Thinking
Self-direction

20. Connections
Make a list and then circulate the room to find out what others have
listed so you may add to your list.
1. Speak English
2. Work in the ESOL community

21. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
7. How does the brain learn a second language
1.Short term memory/long term memory
2.Repetition
3.Mistakes
4.Slow down/speed up
5.Learning Style

Auditory

Visual

Tactile

Kinetic
6.Games

22. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
4. Technology
list of technology we use right
now in teaching and elsewhere

23. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
Blended Learning
Computer Assisted instruction
Second Language learning

24. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
Flipping the Classroom
Student Centered
Teacher Centered
Play two videos:
1 Teaching for Tomorrow – Flipped Learning –
YouTube.mp4
2. 5 Things I Wish I Knew about the Flipped Classroom.mp4

25. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
INFLUENCERS
Websites that I use
1.www.weebly.com
2.www.easyworldofenglish.com
3.others

26. Thank you
Harry Glass
ESOL teacher
harry.glass@queenslibrary.org