Episode 14 - Basics of HTML for Salesforce

Path to Code
Begin Your Salesforce Coding Adventure

Salesforce MVP / Developer
6x Salesforce Certifications
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Abhilasha Singh

Agenda
• Introduction to HTML
• Tags in HTML
• How to Insert Images
• LINKS
• Ordered & Unordered Lists
• FORMS
• Input Elements
• TABLES
• What is CSS?
• CSS STYLING
• How to Choose element by Name, Class, or ID
• References

Some House Rules
• Please mute your mic
• Keep adding questions in Zoom Q&A Window
• No questions is too small
• Questions will be answered in last 15 minutes

Introduction to HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language

What is HTML?
• HTML is a language for describing web pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• The tags describe document content
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML ELEMENTS
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the
same thing.
HTML Element:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML TAGS
• HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
• HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
• For example, the expression <B> Hello </B> would cause the word ‘Hello’ to
appear in bold face on a Web page

Text Formatting
• HTML also defines special elements for defining text with a special meaning.
• HTML uses elements like <strong> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic
text.
Text Formatting Tags:
<strong> Bold Face </strong>
<I> Italics </I>
<U> Underline </U>
<P> New Paragraph </P>
<BR> Single Line Break

HTML Headings
• Headings are used by many Search Engines to index website
• Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags
• <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least
important heading.
• Example:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>

HTML Paragraphs
HTML Paragraphs:
• HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag
• Example:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Comment Statements
• Comment statements are notes in the HTML code that explain the
important features of the code
• The comments do not appear on the Web page itself but are a useful
reference to the author of the page and other programmers
• To create a comment statement use:
 tags

Inserting Images
• Syntax: <IMG SRC = “url”>, where image.ext indicates the location of
the image file
• Some browsers don’t support images. In this case, the ALT attribute
can be used to create text that appears instead of the image.
• Example:
<IMG SRC=“satellite.jpg” ALT = “Picture of satellite”>

Links
• A link lets you move from one page to another, play movies and sound,
send email, download files, and more….
• To create a link type
<a href=“page.html”> label </a>

Example: Links
• To create a link to HTML Images, I would type:
<a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a>
• To create a link to W3C, I would type:
<a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>

Ordered Lists
• Ordered lists are a list of
numbered items.
• To create an ordered list, type:
<OL>
<LI> This is step one.
<LI> This is step two.
<LI> This is step three.
</OL>
Here’s how it would look on the
Web:

More Ordered Lists….
<ol type="1|a|A|i|I">
• The TYPE=x attribute allows you to change the the kind of symbol
that appears in the list.
• A is for capital letters
• a is for lowercase letters
• I is for capital roman numerals
• i is for lowercase roman numerals
• 1 is for Default (decimal number)

Unordered Lists
• An unordered list is a list of
bulleted items
• To create an unordered list,
type:
<UL>
<LI> First item in list
<LI> Second item in list
<LI> Third item in list
</UL>
Here’s how it would look on
the Web:

More Unordered Lists….
<ul type="disc|circle|square">
• The TYPE=shape attribute allows you to change the type of bullet that
appears
• circle corresponds to an empty round bullet
• square corresponds to a square bullet
• disc corresponds to a solid round bullet; this is the default value

Input Elements
Text, Radio Buttons, Checkbox, Submit button, Reset Button

Creating Text Boxes
• To create a text box,
type <INPUT TYPE=“text” NAME=“name” VALUE=“value” SIZE=n
MAXLENGTH=n>
• The NAME, VALUE, SIZE, and MAXLENGTH attributes are optional

Example: Text Box
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="FirstName” VALUE="First Name" SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="LastName" VALUE="Last Name" SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>
• Here’s how it would look on the Web:

Creating Radio Buttons
• To create a radio button, type <INPUT TYPE=“radio” NAME=“name” VALUE=“data”>Label, where “data” is the
text that will be sent to the server if the button is checked and “Label” is the text that identifies the button to the
user
• Example:
<B> Size: </B>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size" VALUE="Large">Large<br>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size" VALUE="Medium">Medium<br>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size" VALUE="Small">Small<br>

Creating Checkboxes
• To create a checkbox, type <INPUT TYPE=“checkbox” NAME=“name” VALUE=“value”>Label
• If you give a group of radio buttons or checkboxes the same name, the user will only be able to select one
button or box at a time
• Example:
<B> Color: </B>
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="Red">Red
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="Navy">Navy
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Color" VALUE="Black">Black

Creating Drop-down Menus
• To create a drop-down menu, type <SELECT NAME=“name” SIZE=n MULTIPLE>
• Then type <OPTION VALUE= “value”>Label
• In this case the SIZE attribute specifies the height of the menu in lines and MULTIPLE allows users to select more than one
menu option
• Example:
<B>WHICH IS FAVOURITE FRUIT:</B>
<SELECT>
<OPTION VALUE="MANGOES">MANGOES
<OPTION VALUE="PAPAYA">PAPAYA
<OPTION VALUE="GUAVA">GUAVA
<OPTION VALUE="BANANA"> BANANA
<OPTION VALUE="PINEAPPLE">PINEAPPLE
</SELECT>

Tables
• Tables can be used to display rows and columns of data, create multi-
column text, captions for images, and sidebars
• The <TABLE> tag is used to create a table; the <TR> tag defines the
beginning of a row while the <TD> tag defines the beginning of a cell

Creating Simple Table
<TABLE BORDER=10>
<TR>
<TD>One</TD>
<TD>Two</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Three</TD>
<TD>Four</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Here’s how it would look on the
Web:

What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheet

What is CSS?
• A cascading style sheet(CSS) is a web
page derived from multiple sources
with a defined order of precedence
where the definition of any style
element conflict
• CSS saves a lot of work
• CSS define how HTML elements are to
be displayed

Syntax of CSS
• A CSS rule set consist of a selector and a declaration block
• Selector Declaration Declaration Property Value Property Value
• The selector points to the HTML element you want to style
• The Declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by
semicolons
• Each declaration includes a property name and a value, separated by a
colon

CSS STYLING
Cascading Style Sheet

CSS Background Color
• The background-color property specifies the background color of an
element
• The background of an element is the total size of the element,
including padding and border (but not the margin)
• The background color of a page is defined in the body selector
Example:
• body {background-color:#b0c4de;}
• body {background-color: coral;}

CSS Background Color - Syntax
background-color: color|transparent|initial|inherit;
• Color Specifies the background color.
• Transparent Specifies that the background color should be
transparent. This is default
• Initial Sets this property to its default value
• Inherit Inherits this property from its parent element

CSS Font Family
• The font family of a text is set with the font-family property
• The font-family property should hold several font names as a
"fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it
tries the next font, and so on
• Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let
the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other
fonts are available

CSS Font Family - Syntax
font-family: family-name|generic-family|initial|inherit;
• family-name generic-family A prioritized list of font family names and/or generic family names
• initial Sets this property to its default value
• inherit Inherits this property from its parent element
• Examples:
p.a {
font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}
p.b {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

CSS Font Size
• The font-size property sets the size of the text
• Being able to manage the text size is important in web design.
However, you should not use font size adjustments to make
paragraphs look like headings, or headings look like paragraphs
• Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and
<p> for paragraphs. The font-size value can be an absolute, or
relative size.

CSS Font Size - Syntax
font-size:medium|xx-small|x-small|small|large|x-large|xx-
large|smaller|larger|length|initial|inherit;
• Examples:
div.a {
font-size: 15px;
}
div.b {
font-size: large;
}
div.c {
font-size: 150%;
}

CSS Font Size - Syntax Property Values
Value Description
Medium Sets the font-size to a medium size. This is
default
xx-small Sets the font-size to an xx-small size
x-small Sets the font-size to an extra small size
small Sets the font-size to a small size
large Sets the font-size to a large size
x-large Sets the font-size to an extra-large size

CSS Font Size - Syntax Property Values
Value Description
xx-large smaller Sets the font-size to a smaller size
than the parent element
Sets the font-size to an xx-large size
larger Sets the font-size to a larger size than the parent
element
length Sets the font-size to a fixed size in px, cm, etc
% Sets the font-size to a percent of the parent element's
font size
Initial Sets this property to its default value
Inherit Inherits this property from its parent element

CSS Margin
• The CSS margin properties are used to create space around elements,
outside of any defined borders.
• With CSS, you have full control over the margins. There are properties for
setting the margin for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and
left).
• CSS has properties for specifying the margin for each side of an element:
• margin-top
• margin-right
• margin-bottom
• margin-left

CSS Margin - Syntax
margin: length|auto|initial|inherit;
All the margin properties can have the following values:
• length - Specifies a margin in px, pt, cm, etc. Default value is 0. Negative
values are allowed
• auto - the browser calculates the margin
• % - Specifies a margin in percent of the width of the containing element
• inherit - specifies that the margin should be inherited from the parent
element
• initial - Sets this property to its default value

CSS Padding
• The CSS padding properties are used to generate space around an element's content, inside of
any defined borders
• With CSS, you have full control over the padding. There are properties for setting the padding
for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left)
• Syntax: padding: length|initial|inherit;
• Length- Specifies the padding in px, pt, cm, etc. Default value is 0
• %- Specifies the padding in percent of the width of the containing element
• Initial- Sets this property to its default value
• Inherit- Inherits this property from its parent element
• Example: Set the padding for all four sides of a <p> element to 35 pixels
p {
padding: 35px;
}

How to choose element by
Name, Class or Id

CSS Name Selector
p {
background-color: yellow;
}
Above CSS will make every paragraph background color as yellow.

CSS .class Selector
• The .class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute.
• To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the name of the
class.
• You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class. To do this, start
with the element name, then write the period (.) character, followed by the name of the class
• Syntax:
.class {
css declarations;
}
• Example: Select and style all elements with class="intro":
.intro {
}

CSS #id Selector
• The #id selector styles the element with the specified id.
• Syntax:
#id {
css declarations;
}
• Example: Style the element with id="firstname":
#firstname {
}

Resources
❑ HTML TUTORIAL : W3SCHOOLS
❑ HTML.COM
❑ LEARN HTML
❑ CSS TUTORIAL : W3SCHOOLS
❑ LEARN CSS

Episode 14 - Basics of HTML for Salesforce

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