ANIMAL BUSH BASED FEED

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Chemical composition of Black thorn (Senegalia mellifera) milled biomass obtained in nine (9)
farming blocks at Neudamm farm.
Andreas E., Mupangwa J., Charamba V., Kahumba A., and de la Puerta M.
Department of Animal Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia;
#Corresponding author: epafras99@gmail.com
Materials and
Methods
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction
Objectives
• In agreement with Ndlovu and
Nherera (1997),the variation in
the chemical composition was
attributed to the different
proportion of (leaves, petioles
and twigs), harvesting regimes,
soil type ,stage of growth and
age of the plant.
• Crude protein (CP) which
ranged from 9.39 to 9.71%
were sufficient to meet the
minimum maintenance
requirements of 6-8% required
for optimum rumen function and
feed intake for ruminant
livestock.
• The analysed samples
constituted a big fraction of
energy source hence it can be
assumed that more energy
would be released to the animal
during digestion.
• The low concentration of
Tannins in S.mellifera fractions
was attributed to the time of
sample harvest or season,
growth stage and method of
analysis used (Makkar,2003).
• This study concluded that, this
plant can be considered a
suitable supplement for poor
quality (low N content) natural
pastures and crop residues used
as ruminant feeds such as grass
hay, straw and Stover .
Figure 1: The 45 sampled sites at Neudamm farm
• Samples were collected
through a purposive
sampling
• 45 camps were selected
randomly in the 9 blocks
(Figure 1).
• Two belt transects
measuring 50m x 2m were
laid in each camp
• 5 plants of Senegalia
mellifera were chosen
randomly in each transect
and twigs less than 5 cm
diameter were harvested.
• Harvested samples for each
transect were combined
and an overall of ninety
samples, from the 45 camps
were collected
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank
the EMBASY OF FINLAND for
funding the research and the
University of Namibia, BUSH TO
FEED PROJECT for providing all
the support.
To determine the chemical
composition of black thorn
(Senegalia mellifera) milled
biomass (leaves and twigs
(less than 5 cm)) fractions
obtained in 9 farming blocks
at Neudamm farm.
Table 1: Chemical composition (%DM) of Senegalia mellifera milled biomass.
BLOCK ID %DM %ASH %OM %CP %CF %NDF %ADF %HC %Ca %P
A 94.13cd 5.01ab 89.12ab 9.60c 1.51a 60.88d 44.02d 16.86ab 1.28a 0.07a
B 93.69d 4.76b 88.92a 9.71a 1.45ab 60.49de 43.77d 16.72ab 1.24a 0.07a
C 94.70a 5.01ab 89.69ab 9.68b 1.38c 61.82c 44.29d 17.53a 1.27a 0.06ab
D 94.27bc 4.76b 89.51a 9.61c 1.17d 63.47b 47.38b 16.09b 1.27a 0.07a
E 93.99de 4.86b 89.13a 9.50d 1.39bc 61.97c 44.71d 17.25ab 1.24a 0.07a
F 93.90e 4.73b 89.17a 9.42f 1.19d 64.33a 48.01a 16.32ab 1.17a 0.07a
G 93.95e 5.97a 87.97b 9.47e 1.39bc 59.17ef 45.55c 13.62d 1.24a 0.04c
H 93.82ed 4.71b 89.11a 9.41f 1.38e 62.22c 46.09c 16.12b 0.62b 0.02d
J 94.39b 4.48b 89.90a 9.39f 1.49a 60.37e 45.98c 14.38c 1.43a 0.06b
Legend: DM=Dry Matter; Ash; OM=organic matter; CP=Crude protein; CF=crude fat; NDF=
neutral detergent fibre; ADF=acid detergent fibre; HC=Hemicellulose; Ca= Calcium; P=
Phosphorus. abc Mean with same superscripts in a column do not differ (p >0.05).
Table 2:Phenolic composition (%DM) of Senegalia mellifera milled biomass.
BLOCK ID TP
(%DM tannic acid
equivalent)
TT
(%DM tannic acid
equivalent)
CT
(%DM leucocyanidin
equivalent)
A 1.12 0.37 0.03
B 1.13 0.39 0.03
C 1.12 0.37 0.03
D 1.11 0.38 0.03
E 1.13 0.37 0.02
F 1.13 0.37 0.02
G 1.12 0.38 0.03
H 1.13 0.39 0.02
J 1.12 0.37 0.02
Legend: TP = Total phenols; TT= Total tannins and CT= Condensed tannins. abcMean with
same superscripts in a column do not differ (p >0.05).
• Browse plants are an
important feed resource
during the dry season in
Southern Africa, when grass
biomass and quality is low
(Ndlovu and Nherera, 1997).
• Tree and shrub species
produce leaves and pods that
contribute substantially to
the diets of livestock
(Sikosana et al., 2002b).
• The browse shrub, Senegalia
mellifera species has been
identified as the dominant
encroacher specie in the
Namibian rangelands (de
Klerk, 2004; MAWF, 2010
and SAIEIA, 2016).
• However, its potential as a
potential feed supplements
for livestock during the dry
period in Namibia has not
been evaluated (Honsbein,
2016).
• The collected samples were shade dried in a warehouse
at ambient temperatures for one week then milled
through a 2mm screen pending analysis.
• The samples were collected in the month of March to
May 2018.
• There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in nutrient content of
Senegalia mellifera milled biomass harvested from the nine blocks
(Table 2).
• There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the phenolic content
of Senegalia mellifera milled biomass harvested from the nine blocks
(Table 2).
References
Ndlovu, L.R. and F.V. Nherera. 1997. Chemical composition and
relationship to in vitro gas production of Zimbabwean browsable
indigenous tree species. J. Anim. Feed. Sci .Technol. 69: 121-129.
De Klerk J.N. 2004. Bush encroachment in Namibia. First edition.
Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia.
SAEIA. 2016. Strategic environmental assessment of large-scale bush
thinning and value-addition activities in Namibia, MAWF-GIZ
Support to De-bushing Project, page. 7, 36.
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