Importance of Air Nature and composition of Atmosphere Temperature and pressure profile of different layers of Atmosphere

1. USMAN ALI

2. PRESENTED BY:
USMAN ALI
PRESENTED TO:
Sir. NAVEED MUSTAFA
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE GUJRANWALA
USMAN ALI

3. USMAN ALI

4. IMPORTANCE OF AIR
Essential Supplier For Energy
Air Is a Conducting Medium For Sound
Air Support Water Cycle
Air Helps In Pollination Of Crops
Air Maintains Temperature On Earth Surface
Bring Moonsoom
Air Helps In Transport
Air Helps In Drying (Humidity Balance)
USMAN ALI

5. Air Helps In Normalizing Temperature
Air Helps Reduce Friction In Tires
Air Minimizes Pollution
Wind Power (Electricity)
Environment
“Environment means surrounding in which we live”
Environmental Chemistry
“The branch of Chemistry that deals with the study of
environment and all its components is called
environmental chemistry”
USMAN ALI

6. Components of Environment
There are four basic components of Environment
1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Lithosphere
4. Biosphere
Environmental Pollution
“Addition of unwanted materials to the environment ,
which has adverse effects on plants, animals and
human beings is known as environmental pollution”
USMAN ALI

7. Pollutants
“Pollutants are those substances that cause Pollution”
“A pollutant is a waste material that pollute air, water
or land”
Atmosphere
“Atmosphere is the envelop of different gases around
the earth and protect it from the hostile environment
of outer space”
Its thickness is about 1000km above the surface of the
earth. About 99% mass of atmosphere lies within
30km of the surface and 75% lies within 11km.
USMAN ALI

8. Composition of Atmosphere
1. Major Components
 Nitrogen 78.09%
 Oxygen 20.95%
2. Minor Components
 Argon 0.93%
 Carbon Dioxide 0.03%
3. Trace Components
 Neon , Helium , Methane, Water Vapours ,
Nitrogen Oxide , Sulphur dioxide, Ammonia etc
USMAN ALI

9. Density of Atmosphere decrease sharply with the increase
of Altitude.
 Temperature
17-2000 degree celcius
 Pressure
Decrease 1.00 – 0.0000003 atm at 100km height
Regions of Atmosphere
Upper Atmosphere
Lower Atmosphere (upto 50km)
Homosphere
Heterosphere
USMAN ALI

10. Classification On The Basis Of Temperature
Change
Name of
Region
Height
above the
Earth’s
Surface
Temperatu
re Range
and Trend
Tropospher
e
0-12km 17 to -58
degree C
(decreases)
Stratospher
e
12-50km -58 to 2
degree C
(Increases)
Mesospher
e
50-85km 2 to -93
degree C
(decreases)
Thermosph
ere
85-500km >-93 degree
C
(Increases)USMAN ALI

11. Troposphere
The major Constituent of Troposphere are
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide, 78.09%,
20.95% and 0.03% respectively.
As the Concentration of these gases decrease
gradually with increase Altitude, Corresponding
temperature also decrease gradually at a rate of 6
degree Celcius per kilometer.
All Weather Occurs here and aircrafts also fly in
this region.
Temperature Inversion
USMAN ALI

12. Thickness
18km Thick (At equater)
8km (At Poles)
Tropopause
Stratosphere
Ozone layer is found in this region at a level of 10
ppm by volume
Temperature rises with the increasing Altitude
Troposphere provide advantage for long distance
flight because it is above the stormy weather
USMAN ALI

13. Ozonosphere
Ozone form a well marked layer called ozonosphere
Ozone Formation
Ozone is formed from oxygen by photochemical
reaction
O2 + hv 2O
O2 + O O3
Thickness
62 km (At equater)
72km (At Poles)
USMAN ALI

14. Differences from Troposphere
It has no cloud, dust or water vapours
It is rich in Ozone
Stratopause
Mesosphere
It extends upto 85km
Its temperature drops from 2 to -93 degree celcius
Mesopause
A zone where temperature stablize and soon starts to
rise again as the thermosphere is ascended.
USMAN ALI

15. Comparison between Temperature and Pressure
profi of Different layers of Atmosphere
USMAN ALI

16. Thermosphere
Thermosphere extends about 500km above the
earth surface
It is also known as Ionosphere
Thank
you !
USMAN ALI