a complete introduction of atmosphere including its composition its layers its applications etc

1. (ecology)
Presented by:
Syeda
jaweria rehman
Presented to:
Mam Sajida
Roll no:1701732

2. The atmosphere is the blanket of air that
surrounds the earth

3. Atmosphere is a mixture of
Gases
Dust
Water vapor
Clouds and precipitation
(rain)
Absorbs heat and energy
from the sun

4. structure of atmosphere
Atmospheric layers

5. Why is the atmosphere divided into 4
different layers?
Any guesses?
The atmosphere is divided
into five different layers
because the atmosphere is not
uniform, its properties change
with altitude.
Two properties change with
altitude, the AIR PRESSURE
and the AIR TEMPERATURE
Lets look at each layer
individually.

7. Layers of Atmosphere
Troposphere
Lowest and thinnest layer
12-20km at equator, 8-10km at poles
10-12km moderate latitudes
90% of the atmosphere’s mass
Temperature decreases with
altitude
 6°C per kilometer
 Top of troposphere averages -
60°C
Where weather occurs
Boundary between the troposphere, and the stratosphere is
called the tropopause
View of troposphere layer from
an-airplane's window.

9. Stratosphere
Extends from 20 km to 50 km above the ground
Less dense (less water vapor)
Temperature increases with
altitude to 0°c
Almost no weather occurrence
Contains high level of ozone
Ozone layer
Upper boundary is called
stratopause.

10. The Mesosphere

11. Mesosphere
Extends to almost 80 km high
Gases are less dense.
It stop meteors to enter
into lower layers
Temperature decreases to -100 ͦc
as altitude increases.
Gases in this layer absorb
very little UV radiation.

12. The Thermosphere

13. Thermosphere
 Above the mesosphere and extends
to almost 550 km high
 Temperature increases
With altitude
Readily absorbs solar
radiation
Temperature can go as high as 1,500°C
Reflects radio waves

14. • The exosphere begins at about
500 kilometers above Earth and
does not have a specific outer
limit.
• Satellites orbit Earth in the
exosphere.
Exosphere
• The ionosphere is found at the
bottom of the thermosphere
﴾close to the mesosphere﴿
• Ionopause is present between
ionosphere and exosphere
IONOSPHERE

17.  Protection of all life form dangerous sun rays
 Allows sunlight in
 Protects from drastic temperature
variation(insulates earth)
 Transport energy and water vapor
 Stores nitrogen and carbon dioxide(for
plants)and oxygen (for animals)
 Protect from smaller meteorites

18.  Composition of atmosphere
https://www.britannica.com/science/atmosphere
https://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/Composition