environmental movements in india such as chipko movement ,NBA, save silent valley , anti endo sulfan , anti coca cola struggle

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
MOVEMENTS IN
INDIA
ROSHNA S. RAGHAVAN

2. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT
It is a type of social movements that involves
an array of individuals ,groups and coalitions
that perceive a common interest in
environmental policies and practices.
Major environmental movements in India are:
Chipko movement, Appiko movement,
Narmada Bachavo Andolan, Save Salient
Valley, Anti Plachimada Movement, Anti
Endosulfan movement

3. CHIPKO MOVEMENT
In the 1970, an
organized
resistance to the
destruction of
forests spread
through India and
came to be known
as the Chipko
movement

4. The Chipko movement started in the state
of Rajasthan. Amrita Devi with 84 villagers
risked their lives to protect the forest trees
from being felled on the order of the
maharaja (king).
In Khejarli village, 363 Bishnois died in
1730 AD while protecting green Khejri that
are considered sacred by the community.
Gradually, a rising awareness of the
ecological crisis, which came from an
immediate loss of livelihood caused by it,
resulted in the growth of political activism

5. Both female and male
activists did play pivotal
roles in the movement
including Gaura Devi,
Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi,
Chandi Prasad Bhatt,
Sundarlal Bahuguna, Govind
Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh
Neji, Shamsher Singh Bisht
and Ghanasyam Raturi, the
Chipko poet, whose songs
GAURA DEVI
SUNDER LAL
BAHUGUNA
CHANDI PRASAD
BHATT

6. (NBA) is a social movement
consisting of adivasis,
farmers, environmentalists
and human rights activists
against a number of large
dams being built across the
Narmada River, which flows
through the states of Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and
NARMADA BACHAVO ANDOLAN

7. Sardar]

8. Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one
of the biggest dams on the river
and was one of the first focal
points of the movement. It is
one of the many dams under
the Narmada Dam Project. The
main aim of the project is to
provide irrigation and electricity
to people in these states.
Their mode of campaign
includes court actions, hunger
strikes, rallies, and garnering
support from notable film and
art personalities. Narmada
Bachao Andolan, with its
leading spokespersons Medha
Patkar and Baba Amte, received
the Right Livelihood Award in
ARUNDHATI ROY
MEDHA PATKAR

9. The Anti-Coca Cola Struggle
Plachimada is a little hamlet
in Palakkad District, which is
known as the ‘rice bowl of
Kerala.’ The majority of the
population consists of
adivasis. The primary
occupation is agriculture.
About 80% of the villagers are
engaged in agricultural
labour, with 20% engaged in

10. In March 2000, Coca Cola, under its
Indian subsidiary Hindustan Coca Cola
Beverages Private Limited commenced
operations at its bottling plant at
Plachimada, in the southern state of
Kerala. Over the next few years, the
area surrounding the plant began to
feel the plant’s hazardous effects, as
groundwater was contaminated and
toxic waste released. That followed was
a long struggle by the people of
Plachimada, interest groups, and

11. SAVE SILENT VALLEY MOVEMENT
Save Silent Valley was a
social movement aimed at
the protection of Silent Valley,
an evergreen tropical forest
in the Palakkad district of
Kerala, India. It was started in
1973 to save the Silent Valley
Reserve Forest from being
flooded by a hydroelectric
project. The valley was
declared as Silent Valley

12. The Kuntipuzha is a major river that
flows 15 km southwest from Silent
Valley. It takes its origin in the lush
green forests of Silent Valley. In 1928
the Kuntipuzha River was identified as
an ideal site for electricity generation.
In 1970 K S E B proposes a
hydroelectric dam across the
Kuntipuzha River that runs through
Silent Valley, that will submerge 8.3
sq. km of untouched moist evergreen
forest. In February 1973, the Planning

13. Silent Valley is home to the largest population
of world's rarest and most threatened primates
lion-tailed macaque. After the announcement
of imminent dam construction the valley
became the focal point of Save Silent Valley,
India's fiercest environmental debate of the
decade. Because of concern about the
endangered lion-tailed macaque, the issue
was brought to public attention. Romulus
Whitaker, founder of the Madras Snake Park
and the Madras Crocodile Bank, was probably
the first person to draw public attention to the

14. In 1977 the Kerala Forest Research
Institute carried out an ecological
impact study of the Silent Valley area
and proposed that the area be
declared a biosphere reserve.
In 1979 the Government of Kerala
passed legislation regarding the Silent
Valley Protection Area (Protection of
Ecological balance Act of 1979) and
issued a notification declaring the
exclusion of the hydroelectric project
area from the proposed national park.

15. ANTI ENDOSULFAN MOVEMENT
Endosulfan was sprayed in the
cashew plantations in
Kasaragod District since 1976
till 2001 regularly thrice every
year.
The intensive use of Endosulfan
resulted in a chemical disaster.

16. Endosulfan is a toxic
organochloric pesticide of
moderate mammalian
toxicity which doesn’t
accumulate in the tissues of
man or animals to any
significant extent. But
diluted Endosulfan is slowly
and incompletely absorbed
in the GIT of warm blooded

17. Problems due to endosulfan
Puberty delayed in boys
Girls attain menarche early
Infertility among men
Menstrual disorders are
frequent
It affects kidney and liver
Birth defects
Learning disability, low IQ,
scholastic backwardness

18. Even though the protest against Endosulfan still
continues ,t he after effects also passes to
generations.