The purpose of this study was to describe the use of newspapers as a source for English
Language Acquisition. Its aim was to investigate the extent of which newspapers can affect and enhance the
learning of English language. The Technical English curricular aims to extent learners’ English language
proficiency in order to meet their needs, in everyday life including for knowledge acquisition purposes, and for
workplace use. Effectiveness learning entails learning beyond the classroom. In this regard, newspaper may be
a good resource that can be used to promote and enhance English language learning. This study explored
whether newspaper as an alternative to the textbook able to arouse learners’ interests in learning English.
Newspaper as a tool for language learning.
This study was conducted in Institute Latihan Perindustrian Kuala Lumpur (ILPKL) to obtain students’
views on using the newspapers and to access the effects of its use on their learning. The quantitative modes used
for the data collections. The findings of the study indicated that the use of newspapers did indeed have positive
effect on learners. For the benefit of learners, it is therefore hoped that there, would be greater usage of
newspaper as source for English language acquisition in the classroom.
Study of Myanmar Language Research and Its Impactijtsrd
This paper presents a study about how much research has been carried out in the field of Myanmar language by the researchers, scholars and academicians in Myanmar and outside Myanmar. Language is a very important factor in national unity and strength and therefore this study brings an impact analysis of the amount of research work in this much demanding topic. The research studies both on natural language processing NLP and core language usage are critically analyzed and few important recommendations are suggested that could further help the young researchers to carry out the research in this direction. Nu Nu Win | Nwe Ni Kyaw | Phyu Myo Thwe "Study of Myanmar Language Research and Its Impact" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26669.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/26669/study-of-myanmar-language-research-and-its-impact/nu-nu-win
THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF VOCABULARY IN L...John1Lorcan
The aim of this research paper is to find out how visual materials affect student’s understanding on
literature and their perception towards usage of visual materials to learning literature. The targets of this
research were 39 form 4 intermediate class students in a secondary school in Ipoh town, Perak. Students’
understanding on literature is based on their score in the vocabulary recognition test. Questionnaire and
semi-structured interview were used to obtain students’ insight on usage of visual materials in learning
literature. Using the visual materials, students can understand the literature and word meanings better.
They showed positive attitude towards usage of visual materials during literature class.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
Study of Myanmar Language Research and Its Impactijtsrd
This paper presents a study about how much research has been carried out in the field of Myanmar language by the researchers, scholars and academicians in Myanmar and outside Myanmar. Language is a very important factor in national unity and strength and therefore this study brings an impact analysis of the amount of research work in this much demanding topic. The research studies both on natural language processing NLP and core language usage are critically analyzed and few important recommendations are suggested that could further help the young researchers to carry out the research in this direction. Nu Nu Win | Nwe Ni Kyaw | Phyu Myo Thwe "Study of Myanmar Language Research and Its Impact" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26669.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/26669/study-of-myanmar-language-research-and-its-impact/nu-nu-win
THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF VOCABULARY IN L...John1Lorcan
The aim of this research paper is to find out how visual materials affect student’s understanding on
literature and their perception towards usage of visual materials to learning literature. The targets of this
research were 39 form 4 intermediate class students in a secondary school in Ipoh town, Perak. Students’
understanding on literature is based on their score in the vocabulary recognition test. Questionnaire and
semi-structured interview were used to obtain students’ insight on usage of visual materials in learning
literature. Using the visual materials, students can understand the literature and word meanings better.
They showed positive attitude towards usage of visual materials during literature class.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
Estos son lo detalles de programa Online Professional English Network ofrecido por la Oficina Regional de Programas de Inglés de la Embajada de los EEUU para docentes de inglés.
Vocabulary learning is an integral part of foreign language learning. The meaning of new words is very often emphasised, both in books and in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered a centre of language teaching and is very important for language learners. This study found a daily code-mixing strategy in learning English vocabulary in the second grade of secondary school. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The research phase includes pre-test and post-test, questionnaire and interview. The findings show that there is an influence on the level of student skills in using the strategy. Furthermore, it also found that students with higher vocabulary levels tended to take lessons in class interactively, this became fun, and students could motivate themselves they usually succeeded in learning by asking, monitoring and evaluating their learning habits. The findings also show that students with low vocabulary levels tend to choose to ignore direction and lack of participation, which means that they do not care about the course of the teacher and still carry unfavourable habits in the classroom. The findings of this study contribute to the further development of existing code-mixing theory and about vocabulary students and strategies. This study refers to giving benefits to classroom practice in the Indonesian context, specifically in increasing EFL teacher awareness so as not to focus solely on existing strategies, but rather look at the phenomena that occur around to create new strategies in teaching English.
This study is an assessment of teachersand pupils’perceptions use of digital pictures in teaching
reading fluency skills to primary three pupils in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto state (Nigeria). The study employed
Mixed-design research method was employed where questionnaires and tests were administered only to both
teachers and pupils of experimental group. Two research questions were asked and answered using descriptive
statistics in form of frequency and mean. Questionnaires were used for data collection – one each for the
teacher and the pupils. The study found that both the teachers and the pupils were of the view that digital
pictures are recommendable tools for reading fluency instruction in the study area. Basedon these findings, the
study concluded that digital pictures are effective tools in teaching reading fluency skills to primary three pupils
in the study area. The study, therefore, recommends that, primary school teachers should be encouraged to use
digital pictures in their reading instructions.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Task Base Language Teaching (TBLT) on tertiary ESOL learners’ academic writing achievement in tertiary level. Therefore, the experimental research was applied to this study. The control group was taught through Classical Method (CM) while the experiment group was taught through Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) method. Furthermore, the pre-test and post-test were administered to students in control group and experiment group (30 students in each group). The data were tabulated by employing t-test in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Based on the data analysis, the result indicated that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It can be concluded that there was a significant effect of Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) method on tertiary ESOL learners’ writing achievement compared to Classical Method (CM) of teaching.
The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
Recently English has been employed as a medium of instruction at the Vietnamese tertiary level. It is necessary to teach its students listening strategies to help them deal with the potential problems that may arise during listening or prepare them for their further educational purposes. This study, therefore, aims to explore the EFL teachers’ perceptions of listening strategies and the application of listening strategies, and discover difficulties that they encounter in their instruction at a public university (henceforth called PU) in Ho Chi Minh City-Vietnam. Thirty six EFL teachers who were teaching English at PU were invited to participate in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through two instruments, namely questionnaire and interview. The results revealed that not all the strategies were frequently employed for listening instruction. Several strategies were more frequently employed than the others; for example, cognitive, metacognitive and affective strategies were frequently integrated into instruction by the EFL teachers. Regarding the potential problems relating to listening lessons, the results showed that most of the EFL teachers had difficulties relating to professional development, students and teaching resources. This study is expected to shed light to the implementation of teaching listening strategies in PU context and in other similar contexts.
Facing Problems & Changing Strategies in Teaching of English at Elementary Sc...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present Research paper focuses on problems before the English Language teachers in India are enormous and apparent. They should be able to cater to the practical needs of learners, to make them competent enough to interact with one another and also to retrieve information all over the world. English has a base in several countries and is considered as the most suitable and convenient tool for International Communication. The ultimate aim of Education is to impart knowledge to the learners, to prepare them for their future life. Teaching school students through chalk and talk approach has been in practice for long India. Various strategies for achieving the present goal of school education were discussed and some are put into practice. The present paper endeavors to unravel the positive and negative points concerning teaching of English in schools. The prospectus, methodology, teachers and methods of teaching English is also conferred in inherent way.
Estos son lo detalles de programa Online Professional English Network ofrecido por la Oficina Regional de Programas de Inglés de la Embajada de los EEUU para docentes de inglés.
Vocabulary learning is an integral part of foreign language learning. The meaning of new words is very often emphasised, both in books and in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered a centre of language teaching and is very important for language learners. This study found a daily code-mixing strategy in learning English vocabulary in the second grade of secondary school. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The research phase includes pre-test and post-test, questionnaire and interview. The findings show that there is an influence on the level of student skills in using the strategy. Furthermore, it also found that students with higher vocabulary levels tended to take lessons in class interactively, this became fun, and students could motivate themselves they usually succeeded in learning by asking, monitoring and evaluating their learning habits. The findings also show that students with low vocabulary levels tend to choose to ignore direction and lack of participation, which means that they do not care about the course of the teacher and still carry unfavourable habits in the classroom. The findings of this study contribute to the further development of existing code-mixing theory and about vocabulary students and strategies. This study refers to giving benefits to classroom practice in the Indonesian context, specifically in increasing EFL teacher awareness so as not to focus solely on existing strategies, but rather look at the phenomena that occur around to create new strategies in teaching English.
This study is an assessment of teachersand pupils’perceptions use of digital pictures in teaching
reading fluency skills to primary three pupils in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto state (Nigeria). The study employed
Mixed-design research method was employed where questionnaires and tests were administered only to both
teachers and pupils of experimental group. Two research questions were asked and answered using descriptive
statistics in form of frequency and mean. Questionnaires were used for data collection – one each for the
teacher and the pupils. The study found that both the teachers and the pupils were of the view that digital
pictures are recommendable tools for reading fluency instruction in the study area. Basedon these findings, the
study concluded that digital pictures are effective tools in teaching reading fluency skills to primary three pupils
in the study area. The study, therefore, recommends that, primary school teachers should be encouraged to use
digital pictures in their reading instructions.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Task Base Language Teaching (TBLT) on tertiary ESOL learners’ academic writing achievement in tertiary level. Therefore, the experimental research was applied to this study. The control group was taught through Classical Method (CM) while the experiment group was taught through Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) method. Furthermore, the pre-test and post-test were administered to students in control group and experiment group (30 students in each group). The data were tabulated by employing t-test in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Based on the data analysis, the result indicated that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It can be concluded that there was a significant effect of Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) method on tertiary ESOL learners’ writing achievement compared to Classical Method (CM) of teaching.
The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
Recently English has been employed as a medium of instruction at the Vietnamese tertiary level. It is necessary to teach its students listening strategies to help them deal with the potential problems that may arise during listening or prepare them for their further educational purposes. This study, therefore, aims to explore the EFL teachers’ perceptions of listening strategies and the application of listening strategies, and discover difficulties that they encounter in their instruction at a public university (henceforth called PU) in Ho Chi Minh City-Vietnam. Thirty six EFL teachers who were teaching English at PU were invited to participate in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through two instruments, namely questionnaire and interview. The results revealed that not all the strategies were frequently employed for listening instruction. Several strategies were more frequently employed than the others; for example, cognitive, metacognitive and affective strategies were frequently integrated into instruction by the EFL teachers. Regarding the potential problems relating to listening lessons, the results showed that most of the EFL teachers had difficulties relating to professional development, students and teaching resources. This study is expected to shed light to the implementation of teaching listening strategies in PU context and in other similar contexts.
Facing Problems & Changing Strategies in Teaching of English at Elementary Sc...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present Research paper focuses on problems before the English Language teachers in India are enormous and apparent. They should be able to cater to the practical needs of learners, to make them competent enough to interact with one another and also to retrieve information all over the world. English has a base in several countries and is considered as the most suitable and convenient tool for International Communication. The ultimate aim of Education is to impart knowledge to the learners, to prepare them for their future life. Teaching school students through chalk and talk approach has been in practice for long India. Various strategies for achieving the present goal of school education were discussed and some are put into practice. The present paper endeavors to unravel the positive and negative points concerning teaching of English in schools. The prospectus, methodology, teachers and methods of teaching English is also conferred in inherent way.
Enriching Vocabulary to the Students of English as Second Language Learners (...Naresh Arruri
This paper focuses on enriching vocabulary to the students of the English as Second
Language learner (ESL) through the approach Content–Integrated–Language–Learning
(CILL). Previously many approaches have been developed, such as language across
curriculum, task based instruction, activity based communicating (ABC model) instruction,
content based instruction and immersion programmes etc. In this paper I shall present a
model for learning Vocabulary of English as Second Language Learner through his/her
preferred content.
Analysis of Students’ Errors in Summative Evaluation: A Corpora Based ResearchPremier Publishers
This study analyses undergraduate students’ errors in their summative evaluation with special emphasis on a literary subject that is taught in English. The study is an analysis of students’ corpora and uses qualitative analysis. Three questions spearheaded the discussion namely (1) what are errors that students make in their final evaluation? (2) What are the effects of these errors? (3) What can be done to help students reduce these errors? The study has a threefold significance namely showing teachers in charge of language teaching the areas that should be more emphasized; reveal students how important they should cope with these challenges to better their language use and become more proficient in a second language, if they are willing and committed to correct these errors. It was found that most of learners make similar errors related with spelling, subject verb agreements, pluralization, capitalization and misuse of prepositions.
The Role of Error Analysis in Teaching and Learning of Second and Foreign Lan...Bahram Kazemian
The aim of this paper is to investigate errors made by second and foreign language (L2) learners so as to understand the strategies and techniques used in the process of second and foreign language learning. Error analysis is a very important area of applied linguistics as well as of second and foreign language learning. It is also a systematic method to analyze learners' errors. Errors are not always bad, rather they are crucial parts and aspects in the process of learning a language. They may provide insights into the complicated processes of language development as well as a systematic way for identifying, describing and explaining students' errors. Errors may also help to better understand the process of second and foreign language acquisition. This study tries to investigate why Pakistani ESL and Iranian EFL learners fail to produce grammatically correct sentences in English, in spite of having English as a compulsory subject at all levels in their learning institutions and schools. What are the reasons for their poor English written performance? In the present study, the writing assignments of university students as well as intermediate English learners were analyzed for the purpose of error analysis. Results of the analysis suggest that students lack grammatical accuracy in their writing and are not sure of the grammatical rules that may apply in their writing in English. The study concludes that they are highly influenced by the rules of their first language (L1).
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Differentiated Learning Exemplars for
Students’ Academic Achievement in English
Grade 9
This research evaluated and assessed the learning competency level of the respondents in English and the
different determinants that hinder their learning capability in English. It utilized descriptive survey method
during the conduct of the study. To determine the subjects of the study, universal sampling techniques was
utilized. In addition, respondents’ socio economic status and learning preferences were also investigated. To
answer the socio economic status, a tool was used that was adopted from the Bureau of Census and National
Statistics quoted from the study of Pansit (2018) on “Enhanced MTB Strategic Intervention Materials for
Reading” is used with a statistical treatment on simple percentage. It was found out that education level of
respondents’ parents is in Elementary level with a percentage 63.16% which means that parents could not provide
an appropriate academic information to their children .Meanwhile, in determining, learning styles of the
respondents, adopted questionnaire from the study of Ocampo (2018) on Pedagogical Exemplars in Mathematics
Across Learning Styles utilizing weighted mean. It found out, that the highest ranked of learners’ learning style is
visual which has a weighted mean of 2.36. This is a great manifestation that learners learned best if lessons were
presented interestingly and visually given. Visuals that are chunked into bit of ideas for easier understanding.
Hence this increases student's interest in the subject matter. Meanwhile, it was revealed that, the over-all learning
competency level of the respondents, is in below average. This implies that more exposure of exercises must be
done for the learners to gain mastery of these learning competencies. Therefore, it is encouraged to craft
differentiated learning exemplars fitted to their learning styles and engage them on the different exercises for the
improvement of their academic performance.
Keywords: English Language, Assessment of Learning Styles, English Competencies, Academic Achievement,
Differentiated Learning Exemplars, Visual Learners, Kinesthetic Learners, Auditory Learners.
The problems of Fluency in Spoken English among EFL Learners in Saudi Univers...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to investigate the problems and challenges which is usually experienced by
English learner's students in the Saudi universities when trying to speak English. It also checks at the problems
that students face when learning English language in Saudi universities and try to find remedies to this problem.
The research uses a questionnaire, interviews, and descriptive methods in the collection of data about fluency in
English language in universities in KSU as an example. The data was then statistically analyzed using the SPSS
program. The results showed that there are various problems which hinder fluency of English learning in the
universities and among them include: under-qualified teachers, unsuitable teaching materials and the methods
used in teaching are also poor. The other problem is the psychological factor which makes student lack
motivation while learning English. The study also contains ways in which these problems can be handled to
bring efficiency in learning and teaching English in Saudi universities.
KEYWORDS: The challenges of fluency in spoken English among the EFL students.
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validationinventionjournals
This study aims to identify the language needs analysis for English curriculum validation in the tertiary level. The descriptive method is utilized in the study and employed purposive sampling. This is also called judgmental sampling. A deliberate selection of individuals made by the researcher based on the predefined criteria. Three hundred forty nine (349) students were utilized as respondents to test their listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, identifying errors and correct usage. Result showed that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the respondents profile since the computed P-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05. However, speaking skills and vocabulary skills show that they are not significant to the profile of the respondents.
As the only superpower in the world, the fundamental interest of the United States in the Syrian conflict
is to maintain its superpower status. Guided by this principle, the United States has important interests in Syria:
Toppling or at least the long-term weakening of the Syrian Assad regime; Containing Russian and Iranian
influence in Syria; Fighting terrorism such as ISIS to prevent Syria from becoming a terrorist base; Opposing the
Syrian government’s use of chemical weapons; Supporting Syrian Kurdish forces on the basis of not breaking with
Turkey, etc. Interest is the unity of needs and means to realize them. With the development of the situation in Syria,
the ability of the United States to fulfill its needs is also changing, which leads to the differences of its main
interests in different historical periods of the Syrian conflict, not only in the content of interests, but also in the
priority of interests. In the Syrian conflict, the constant changes in the important interests of the United States
show that the United States is increasingly unable to safeguard its superpower status
The paper focus on entrepreneur skill through business education program to curb restiveness for
sustainable development. Need for entrepreneur skills acquisition were identified, business education program
and functions of entrepreneur were identified and sorted out as the types of entrepreneur in our present society.
Conclusion was drawn which include effort towards creating good initiatives in order to develop our dear
societies as it become the focus in 21st century. Therefore parents and business society should emulate a kind of
economy strategies like China, Germany, and America etc. in order to provide means of surviving strategies
among individuals in the entire nation.
Non-linguistic symbol is a carrier of language,which carries ideas, positions, attitudes and emotions
that people communicate. Based on the case of business communication and the theoretical framework of
semiotics, this paperprobes intothe influence of nonverbal signs on international business banquets from a
cultural perspective, and then puts forward relevant strategies to promote the smooth communication. The study
finds that nonverbal signs play a significant role in the communication and exchange of international banquets.
Nonverbal signs can be made use of to accurately understand the meaning of the other party, and further foster
the realization of effective communication. The purpose of this study is to aimed to provide correspondent
strategies for language barriers encountered in business banquets and business activities, in an attempt to
provide certain implications for such fields as business discourse research, business communication and
cultural exchanges.
Nawāl al-Sa'dāwī has criticised sharply the discourse of masculine God in her works, either
fiction or non-fiction. The phenomena is interesting to be analyzed since there are no many feminists who have
courageoulsy discuss the problem. By paying attention on her works, this paper is aimed to answer the
question: What are the forms of Nawāl al-Sa'dāwī's criticism on the masculinity in the discourse on God? What
is the positionisation of the criticism in the meaning of discourse on divinity and why did Nawāl Al-Sa'dāwī
criticise? The paper gives meaning to the reading on the deconstruction that emphasizes the plurality and
meaning of the relation between the signifie and signifiant in language. Nawāl al-Sa'dāwī offers a new meaning
which is different, humanistic, and visionary, since the masculinity of discourse on God had been structured by
the ruler as a philosophical basis for the theological justification to structurise the patriarchal point of view to
preserve women's subordination. She has made her deconstruction as a strategy for liberation of women and
establishment of their autonomy as their fundamental condition, a gift from God. This autonomy of women had
been actualised in the early history of mankind through the reconstructive reading on history of ancient Egypt
which has been done by her.
The contending forces generated by friction between the collaborative platform firms in the paid transportation of people’s market, and the regulation present in anti-trust policies in Costa Rica will be discussed in depth as a means of determining the economic impacts that new regulatory bills may cause.The recent entryof developing countries into the collaborative economy has caused social and economic tensions due to the lack of an updated and rejuvenated legal framework which could reconcile the economic and legal differences.The expected results of a new anti-trust policy to regulate collaborative transportation platform firms in Costa Rica are a higher regulated price, a lower quantity supplied of hailing rides, and a loss of efficiency in the sector consequence of the new technical requirements. The case of Uber Company’s entry in Costa Rica is used to depict these economic effects.
The Srebrenica event during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has become one of the most
famous. It has also brought the first verdict of the criminal offense of genocide before the international
body after the Second World War. The purpose of this paper is not to attempt relativization of facts or to
answer the question of whether it was truly genocide in a subjective sense, but rather to comment on
judicial practice in those essential segments related to dubious questions and theses. The purpose is, of
course, to understand the issues in order to understand and classify other terrible events in the recent
war or current or future conflicts and trials more easily and correctly.
This paper examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on firm level equity premium. Following
the concept of macro-based risk factor model, we consider macroeconomic variable set of equity premium
determinant. The macroeconomic variables include interest rate, money supply, industrial production, inflation
and foreign direct investment. The macroeconomic variables are not in control of the firm's management. These
are the external factors which affect the company as well as the overall market returns. The Macro-based
Multifactor Model is estimated for the whole sample. It is found that the market premium and the selected five
macroeconomic factors significantly affect the firm level equity premium of non-financial firms. Increase in
market premium, money supply, foreign direct investment and industrial production positively affect the firm
level equity premium while increase in interest rate and inflation negatively affects the firm level equity
premium. These findings are beneficial for the common shareholders, institutional investors and policy makers
to find more specific insight about the relationship between macroeconomic variables and equity premium of
non-financial sectors.
The paper focus on entrepreneur skill through business education program to curb restiveness for
sustainable development. Need for entrepreneur skills acquisition were identified, business education program
and functions of entrepreneur were identified and sorted out as the types of entrepreneur in our present society.
Conclusion was drawn which include effort towards creating good initiatives in order to develop our dear
societies as it become the focus in 21st century. Therefore parents and business society should emulate a kind of
economy strategies like China, Germany, and America etc. in order to provide means of surviving strategies
among individuals in the entire nation.
In this Article the historical survey of puppet art in Pakistan are explained. The survey starts from
1947 to till now. The roots of this art are traced back to the Indus valley civilization, to the Sub Continent, and
eventually to the areas which are now known as Pakistan. Same like India there is no clear history of Puppet
art in Pakistan. This research concludes the details of the history after independence. Underlying research has
strived to explore the significance and the importance of the puppetry as art form and some extent for the sake
of education in Pakistan. This art is subject to decline because of lack of interest of the people in it. This
research explains to know the brief history about puppets stories its reasons and the struggle of the artist to
make this term so prominent. The research also counts the positive aspects of the puppetry that despite all the
odds is still alive and working in our society. Besides this many organizations are also contributing to this field
of art. It proves that the puppetry is in the cultural roots of the people of this region. If a nation is alive then its
art and culture is also alive. Underlying research contributes towards creating awareness for this art and
entertainment form.
Based on John Bailey’s theory of Cultural Adaptation, this research mainly focuses on the differences
between Chinese and the United States’ diet culture, analyzes the background and causes of differences between
Chinese and Western diet cultures, and further expounds the long-standing exchanges and collisions between
Chinese and Western diet culture differences so as to reveal the development status and existing problems of
international business activities under the diet culture differences. The study is aimed to provide certain references
for the elimination of cultural barrier in international business communication and thus promote the smooth
development of international market.
In Indonesia, forest fires become a problem every year during the annual dry season, when fires
are lit to clear and/or prepare land for agriculture. The smoke from the fires creates a haze that affects not only
the area where land is being cleared but also neighboring countries since it travels with the wind. This study
explores media framing related to haze that blanketed parts of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, through a
qualitative content analysis of the news stories published in 2017 in three leading English newspapers from the
three countries: The Jakarta Post (Indonesia), The Straits Times (Singapore) and The Star (Malaysia). A
theoretical framework from Semetko & Valkernburg (2000) who suggest five media framing (conflict,
responsibility, economic consequences, human interest, and morality) is used in the analysis. The research
questions: What were the main frames used in the three newspapers from the three countries? The results
indicate that responsibility was the most visible frame in the three newspapers. Alleged land clearance by
plantation companies and individuals was the main theme associated with the responsibility frame
and more, the discourse of as a vehicle through which messages are communicated in film
is taking centre stage. Its use necessitates an understanding not only of the vocabulary, but also of the content.
Cameroon filmmakers exploit language to expound and portray how the society is still constantly faced with the
problem of power manifestation and most especially, the marginalisation of women. Limits are set as to where
and what a woman can say in the presence of men. Considered a cultural marginalization, a woman’s words
are not to be heard in public spaces where men are. As such, language in traditional settings, sets limitations
for the woman in almost all aspects of life. Through a semiotic reading of Victor Viyouh’s Ninah’s Dowry and
circumscribed by feminist criticism, this paper attempts to portray the role of the sign in promoting male
domination in Cameroon. The woman is constructed by words and images as the weaker sex and subjected to
the men
The goal of this work is to address, from the conceptual framework of theories on “deliberative
democracy”, the role played by the Judicial Power, being an integral part of the State, as the institutionalized
field of deliberation for making collective decisions.
In order to do this I will start by analyzing, from a legal-institutional perspective, the way in which the
National Constitution of Argentina distributes the functions of the State and how it divides the competences to
decide on the Public Thing. Furthermore, I will analyze which are the degrees of deliberation and of citizen
participation (direct or indirect) in each portion of the constituted power. Then, I will develop my intuition about
the way Justice operates as an institutional form of citizen participation within a Social State of Law, comparing
such proposal with the opinion of authors that highlight the countermajoritarian nature of the Judicial Power. I
will present some representative cases of the intervention of the Judicial Power in the making of
institutionalized public decisions, generated by the action of minorities with little or no political representation
and in which, after a deliberative practice, government measures that gave a positive response to the proposals
of the actors were ordered.
As an anticipation of my opinion, I will say that in our current Argentinian constitutional system there
is a paradox in which the Judicial Power (being, due to its origin, the least democratic of the powers) allows for
the development of procedural discursive practices, enabling the Public Decision Making to be the product of
the deliberation between parties (citizens and governments) on a level of equality and freedom of speech in
which arguments are exchanged in a rational way and in a previously regulated framework within a formalized
procedure.
This qualitative case study focused on developing a better understanding of a major utility
company’s knowledge management/customer service information and communications as well as practices
that were implemented during a catastrophic hurricane. The data collection and analysis procedure
revealed a gap when a comparison of the actual knowledge management practices that were used and not
used in the utility company’s customer response during the hurricane. Organizational practices of highperforming knowledge-management companies were used to analyze and compare their practices to utility
company. Findings from the analysis resulted in the establishment of a Balanced Scorecard framework for
recommended best practices and action steps with the potential to set new strategies and trajectories for
allorganizations.
The current work presents a literature review about life skills, which have been studied for a
long time; however, it was until 1993 when the World Health Organization (WHO) placed them among the 10
basic abilities which allow the individual to develop correctly in various contexts. From that year, a series of
actions were taken to standardize a common language around them and have derived in several promotion and
research around this topic. In many countries of Latin America and Spain, the teaching of life skills have been
incorporated into the basic education and shown good results since its implementation. Regarding higher
education, this proposal can prove promising in view of acknowledging that universities at present do not only
form specialists in a given discipline, but also promote integral development. It isconcluded that teaching life
skills in higher education can aid in the students’ integral development.
The services of local government legislators and customary court judges are often associated with
self-abnegation. However, most of these officials use their positions as money making ventures and material and
financial considerations have been the principal catalyst in the quest for such offices. It is because of these
recurrent occurrences in developing countries in general and Cameroon in particular that the study revisits the
situation in West Cameroon. It contends that most of these officials used their offices in amassing wealth as the
quest for increases in allowances and privileges became the common characteristic. Where these perceived
gains were not forthcoming, legislators and judges resorted to corrupt practices and their decisions/judgements
were often based on material and financial considerations. When some of them found it difficult to raise money
from services offered to their constituents, they simply abandoned their duties for personal businesses or juicy
opportunities elsewhere. The study concludes that legislation which warrants only selfless and dedicated
individuals to seek for these positions is needed. Again, it holds that local communities should be empowered to
sanction recalcitrant officials with little or no interference from central authorities. In this way, the engaging of
unpatriotic citizens in the management local government affairs will be checked.
The need to deepen the study of nationality formation and consolidation processes in Cuba, has
found in the Masonic fraternity an unobjectionable source of information, closely linked to the deepest roots of
nationalist thought and feeling. Masonic researches have become vital in unraveling the historical fabric that
gave way to the beginning of struggles for the Island independence.
The present research, as part of a doctoral thesis project -in the initial phase-, aims to elucidate the importance
this subject refers to researchers from Cuba and the world. It also pretends to focus on Freemasonry in
Guantánamo province, as an effort to explain the main factors that contribute to the social reproduction of
Masonic fraternity from a sociological perspective which is an insufficiently studied subject into the Cuban
context. The relationships that underlie the fraternal group's behavior and cohesion will be revealed by using
the prosopographic method, the theory of social networks and the analysis of socialization forms.
The article traces the genealogy of the concept of Nature and landscape from the romanticism to
the second industrial revolution. This archeology of ideas aims to dissect Nature as a subject of discourse in
order to propose it as an “empty container” filled with fantasy and which has been instrumentalized by
(sometimes) conservative power axes. The ongoing ecological crisis demands a set of new theoretical
approaches towards what is that thing “out there” that we call Nature since the romantic paradigm only gives
away a passive and contemplative image that serves to economic exploitation and aesthetical consumerism.
Through the lens of eco-criticism, the aim is to dismantle and deconstruct the fantasy of Nature by proposing
different entry points from interdisciplinarity and critical studies.
Using a theoretical concept by combining linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism – the
structure of our language; a set of specific selected words influence man’s perception of the world and language
use determines thought and action, data was collected and analysed qualitatively. The aim of the paper is to
illustrate the pertinence of culture in language use and actions with emphasis to explore the contextual symbolic
meanings of specific words in Africa nation states’ quest for peace. Specifically, in this paper we examine
carefully selected and uttered lexis and their significant meanings in Cameroon, South Africa and Uganda. The
results of the study confirmed that words have unique significance in relation to the culture, history and identity
of a particular African people. Words used in the Cameroon context, ‘all is well’, are mostly words of hope and
assurance in a war-free nation. The interpretation of some words, ‘Rhodes must fall’, generate disputes and
lead to violent actions in the search for peaceful and prosperous co-existence in an apartheid ridden country
like South Africa. Certain words of greetings, ‘you still exist’, though a total recall of pain and torture in a
period of turbulence and massacre in Uganda, portray gratitude and delightedness among citizens.
A special school is a school catering for students who have special educational needs due to serve
learning difficulties, physical disabilities or behavioural problems. Special schools may be specifically
designed, staffed and resourced to provide appropriate special education for children with additional needs. A
Special school is a school for children who have some kind of serious physical or mental problem.The present
study examines the job stress of teachers working in special schools. The sample of the study comprised of 156
special school teachers working in aided and private special schools in Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu. Simple
random method was used to select the sample from the population.Survey method was used to collect data. The
findings revealed that there is significant difference in job stress of teachers working in special schools with
regard to locality of special school teachers, qualification and work experience of special school teachers.
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Enhancing English Communication Skills by Using the Newspaper as a Teaching Tool
1. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 79
Enhancing English Communication Skills by Using the
Newspaper as a Teaching Tool
GAYATHRI SUNARUN
GENERAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT LATIHAN PERINDUSTRIAN KUALA LUMPUR (ILPKL)
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of newspapers as a source for English
Language Acquisition. Its aim was to investigate the extent of which newspapers can affect and enhance the
learning of English language. The Technical English curricular aims to extent learners’ English language
proficiency in order to meet their needs, in everyday life including for knowledge acquisition purposes, and for
workplace use. Effectiveness learning entails learning beyond the classroom. In this regard, newspaper may be
a good resource that can be used to promote and enhance English language learning. This study explored
whether newspaper as an alternative to the textbook able to arouse learners’ interests in learning English.
Newspaper as a tool for language learning.
This study was conducted in Institute Latihan Perindustrian Kuala Lumpur (ILPKL) to obtain students’
views on using the newspapers and to access the effects of its use on their learning. The quantitative modes used
for the data collections. The findings of the study indicated that the use of newspapers did indeed have positive
effect on learners. For the benefit of learners, it is therefore hoped that there, would be greater usage of
newspaper as source for English language acquisition in the classroom.
I. INTRODUCTION
The teaching and learning of English is a great challenge in our context. In Malaysia, English is taught as a
second language in which most of our students are of different ethnic groups and are proficient in their own
native dialects or mother-tongues. Each student is unique in his or her own way. The studies highlighted here
suggest two important issues regarding English language learning in Malaysia. First, Bahasa Melayu has a
strong influence over the learning of English. Interference of mother tongue language system in some ways
contributes to wrong use of English grammatical rules, morphology and syntax. Learners tend to refer to their
first language system when writing in English, use direct translation and depend on dictionary meanings to
comprehend English text (Ambigapathy, 2002; Nambiar, 2007).
This research attempts on Enhancing the English Communication Skills by using the newspaper as a
teaching tool among the Semester 2 Automotive Students in InstitutLatihan Perindustrian Kuala Lumpur
(ILPKL). This chapter outlines the statement of the problem, rational of the research, objective of the research,
methodology and reflection of the research. This situation often occurred in an ESL mixed ability classroom
which makes the English learning process dull and boring. In addition, the students do not have the opportunity
to use and experience the language in their real life as most of them are living in the outskirts. On the contrary,
using newspaper as one of their learning materials is authentic and sounds familiar to them. They have the
chance of experiencing the language and get in touch with real life situations and matters.
The mixture of students with different learning backgrounds, attitudes, abilities, cultural differences
and motivation make each other distinctive, as every teacher knows. Although textbook- writers have better
resources than the ordinary classroom teachers, however, they are lacking in personal experience and knowledge
2. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 80
of the particular students. Although the lecturers do their best to choose an ideal material for teaching, it will
never be exactly right for a particular class.
Students themselves have very low self confidence in using the English Language in their
communication skills. MacIntyre, Clément, Dörnyei, & Noels (1998)studied the effects of self-confidence on
oral performance. The results of their study showed that the learners‟ willingness to communicate was
determined partly by their self-confidence. Park & Lee (2005) also examined the relationships between L2
learners‟ anxiety, self-confidence and oral performance. They reached a conclusion that self-confidence affected
significantly on L2 learners‟ oral performance. They stated that if the learners were more confident, they would
have betteroral performance. That is the main reason why the students feel reluctant to use English in their
communication skills.
II. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objective of this research is to investigate on how to enhance the English communication skills by
using the newspaper as a teaching tool and promote language learning which can be introduced and managed on
an on-going basis using any of the local English language newspapers. The main objective is to encourage the
students to use the communication skills in English in their daily routine. At the same time, students are
provided with the opportunity to improve their reading skills as well as enhance their knowledge of current
issues.
As newspapers is a rich and good resource for language learning apart from the use of the textbook and
it is the intention of this study to investigate how newspapers smooth the progress and promote language
learning. Especially this study attempts to:
examine how the newspaper may be utilized as learning input that can automatically stimulate learning
and participation in the learners in the language classroom.
find out if newspaper as a source of input would be able to highlight grammatical structure and
language use that form part of every features and language use that form part of every feature for the
benefit of learners.
highlight the relationship between the real-world experiences which can be found in the newspaper in
relation to the learners‟ affective domain.
However, the main factors of study will be the students and not lecturers. It will include information on
learners‟ response toward to use of the newspapers, and the extent to which newspaper usage may enhance
language learning. A further extension of these students will be the area of how learners make connections
between their lives and the real-world experiences reported in the newspapers.
III. METHODOLOGY
Based on the various tool used in the data collection, some interesting findings were seen either in the
answers or feedback given by the students or during field work. Generally, the students found the lessons with
newspapers stimulating and of great interest.
The findings indicated many things about the learners and the material used. There was much
creativity, spontaneity, and enthusiasm in learning with newspapers. Newspaper had been potent stimuli in this
study that had encouraged the students to be thinkers and doers without much interference from the teacher.
This chapter describes how the newspaper was used to enhance the English communication skills
among the semester 2 Automotive students. This study seeks to describe how authentic materials and situations
are alternative to textbooks, where it is able to promote the communication skills in the classroom. In doing this
a quantitative method was used. The quantitative instruments were two questionnaires. The SPSS (Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences) version 15 will be used to tabulate the findings based on the given
questionnaires.
The teaching of English communication skills has selected a class of Semester 2 Automotive students
where they have a mixed of ESL abilities. This institute focuses more on the modules that has been prepared
according to the curriculum and syllabus. Frequent cries of dissatisfaction among the language lecturers is that
3. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 81
the lessons are very monotonous and do not seem to generate interest in learners. Bearing the learner needs in
mind, it is hoped that this study will be able to establish learners‟ motivation and interest especially in learning
through authentic materials and situations. The entire study lasted 12 weeks.
IV. RESULT
4.1 Introduction
This chapter analysed the data collected and reported the results of a study carried out on 35
Semester 2 Automotive students in InstitutLatihan Perindustrian Kuala Lumpur (ILPKL). The students had
undergone 12 weeks (July to September) of learning sessions using the newspaper as the source.
The objective of the study was to examine how the newspapers may be utilized as a learning input.
Moreover, it was also to find out if newspaper as a source of input may be able to highlight grammatical
structures and language use. Furthermore, the study was also to show the relationship of the real-world
experiences which can be found in the newspaper in relation to the learners‟ affective domain.
In view of the objectives and aims in mind the study focused on three research questions.
1. How do the students respond to the use of newspapers as a language learning input?
2. How does the newspaper help students improve second language learning?
3. How has the newspaper encouraged the development of the learners‟ affective domain
through real world experiences?
4.2 Analysis of Data
In doing this study the quantitative instrumentations used were two sets of questionnaires. The SPSS
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 15 was used to tabulate the findings based on the
questionnaires. The data will be discussed extensively through various instruments used in the study.
4.2.1 Newspaper
The Star paper was used as the source for this study. For the entire duration of study (12 weeks)
different sessions from the newspapers were used. The details can be found in Appendix 3 and 4. The lessons
prepared using the newspaper article(s) as the source were closely based on the learning schedule, syllabus
requirement and as instructed and guided by the class English language teacher (see Appendix 3 and 4)
4.3 Questionnaire
One of the main data collection instruments used was the questionnaire. A pilot questionnaire was first
developed and administered to 15 students selected randomly. This was carried out during the two weeks
orientation before the researcher embarked on the field work. It was done in order to test whether the intent of
the questions was clear. It was also to iron out misunderstandings, ambiguities or inadequacies in the questions.
Moreover, it also gathered some comments and suggestions from the students so that the final
questionnaires could be improved. Changes were made where necessary. The researcher was responsible for the
administration and collection of the questionnaires. The answering of the questionnaires was done in class with
initial explanation of the purpose and value of the study. The researcher provided assistance and explanations
where deemed necessary.
4.3.1 Questionnaire 1
The questionnaire was administered at the end of the 12th
week. Data from the questionnaire were
analyzed based on percentages and frequency while comments and responses for open-ended questions were
complied, categorized and described accordingly. The questionnaire data were supplemented by responses from
personal structured interviews with selected students. Responses and findings from the interviews will be
discussed in section 4.4.6. Initially, all the data from the 35 respondents were tabulated to obtain a general view
of the study. For the purpose of highlighting significant findings later on in this study only seven sets of
4. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 82
questionnaire 1 were chosen. They were the following samples from the R5, R10, R15, R20, R25, and R30 and/
R35 respectively.
The section 1 of the questionnaire (Appendix 1) provided the setting or the background to the students‟
perception and feelings towards the use of the newspaper. This section revealed whether the learners were
exposed to the use of newspaper in their language learning. The following are the findings for item 1.
Of the total sample (N = 35), 27 students had agreed that they had attended workshops pertaining to the
use of newspapers in their school. Only 8 students indicated that they had not attended any workshops. The
researcher was interested to find out more from the 8 students. In an informal conversation the 8 students
indicated that they were not selected by the teachers to attend the workshop which was carried out at two
different times in that school by the NIE (Newspapers In Education) coordinators.
As for item 2, Figure 4.1 will explain the detail about the regularity of using the newspapers in their
language learning.
Q2
Key: 1 Less than six
months
2 One-two years
3 Three to five
years
Figure 4.1. Have you used newspapers regularly for learning?
For the entire class there was a vast difference between their regularity of using the newspaper. Some
71% (N = 25) of the students indicated that they used the newspaper for learning for a period of less than six
months only; 26% (N = 9) of the students used the newspaper for class work in the last two years; while only
3% (N = 1) indicated having used the newspaper for language work for the last three to five years.
The researcher was keen to find out about this one student. It happened to be one of the
students interviewed. As such, it created the opportunity to further explain her choice. She explained that both
her language teachers (Bahasa Melayu and English) used newspapers during class work regularly. She had been
exposed to the use of newspapers when she was in primary school. At times, students were asked to find
relevant articles based on a topic such as food, transport, vandalism and others. She has also mentioned that
there was a separate exercise book use for newspapers work.
In section 2, the questionnaire provided findings on how the students were introduced to the use of
newspapers in their language learning. The following are the findings for the items 3, 4, 5 and 6.
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3
71
26
3
5. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 83
Q3
Key: 1 Bought by the
class
2 Provided by
sponsor
3 Brought from
home
Figure 4.2. How newspapers were made available for your language learning?
Newspapers were indeed made available for learning through various ways. The majority of students,
that is 43% (N = 15) indicated that the newspapers used for language learning purposes were provided by a
sponsor. Upon enquiring from the class English teacher, the researcher found out that the Star was sponsored by
British Petroleum or BP. Both the companies sponsored 40 copies of the newspapers respectively every Tuesday
and Friday. This program had been going on for the past four years, long before the “School Sponsorship
Programmes” launched by the Star 15th
August 2008. All the classes were given two copies, one of each type of
newspaper. This information indicated that private organizations or sectors were aware of the usefulness of the
newspapers in language learning.
When there was a need by a particular language teacher to use the newspapers, then the other classes
may not have the chance to read the newspaper for that day. The remaining students either used the newspapers
which was brought by the class 31% (N = 11) or brought from home 26% (N = 9). In short, all students did have
access to newspaper.
Q4
Key: 1 NIE workshop
2 Class activity
Figure 4.3. Where did you learn to use newspapers for language learning?
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3
31
43
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2
63
3
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Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 84
Basically, all the students were exposed to the newspaper in their language learning. They were exposed to the
use of newspapers either during the NIE workshop or during their class activity. While 37% (N = 13) students
indicated using the newspapers during the NIE workshops, 63% (N = 22) used newspapers during the class
activity. It was good to note that these learners had early exposure to the usage of the newspapers in class. As
such, teachers and others like parents, siblings and friends do play an important role in introducing this resource
for language learning.
Item 5 (Figure 4) showed the skills acquired by learners while using the newspapers in their language
learning. The options were ranked accordingly by learners‟ choice of preferences from the most often taught
skills to the least taught. As such, there are seven bar graphs to show the rankings. The bar graphs are for
reading, writing, listening, speaking, grammar, language functions and critical thinking.
This explains the areas of strengths and weakness in learners when the newspapers were used as a
learning resource in their class work. Reading and writing was an area that needed guidance. Listening and
speaking was something that the learners had enjoyed doing. Many times, the articles were used for discussion
purposes in class. Listening skill was not taught or used for discussion in audio form but consolidated with other
language skills.
Q 5.3 Language Skills
Key: 1 Reading
2 Writing
3 Listening
4 Speaking
5 Grammar
6 Language
Functions
7 Critical
Thinking
Figure 4.4. What language skills did you learn when using the newspapers in your language
learning class?
Q 6
Difficulties Encountered
Key: 1 Time factor
2 Lack of references
materials
3 Proficiency level (not
able to understand the
article)
4 Not suitable to the
specific syllabus
Figure 4.5. What difficulties did you encounter when using newspaper instead of textbook in your
lessons?
0
10
20
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9
11
26
23
9
11 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4
29
14
11
46
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ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
Gayathri Sunarun Page 85
With reference to Figure 4.5, among the difficulties faced by students, time factor was indeed a step back for
29% (N = 10) of them. They were unable to complete the work within the given time. This was in reference to
the tasks provided before the study. Lack of reference materials were mentioned by 14% (N = 5) of the students.
They had no dictionary to aid them in their learning. This was especially so when looking out for the meanings
of difficult words. The proficiency level in the newspapers was found to be difficult by 47% (N = 16) of the
students. They had difficulty understanding the given article. About 10% (N = 4). All the four students were of
average proficiency level and they had indicated no interest in the change of learning source used. They were
comfortable and secure with the use of the hand-outs. They expressed that they felt a little lost when newspaper
were used.
In section 3 the questionnaires sought information on the frequency of usage of the newspapers in their
language learning. The following are the data for items 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Q7
Usage of newspapers
Key: 1- In class during
English lessons
2 - For co-curricular
activities related to
English
3- At home for leisure
and fun
Figure 4.6. When do you use the newspapers for language learning purposes?
A majority of the students, that is 49% (N = 17) had indicated that they used the newspapers in class during
English lessons. It is followed by 40% (N = 14) of the students indicating that they had used newspaper at home
for leisure and fun. The remaining (N = 4) used the newspaper during their co-curricular activities related to
English. They were the members of the school English language club.
Q8
Regularity of Usage
Key: 1 Weekly
2 Once or twice a month
3 Occasionally
Figure 4.7. How often on the average, do you use the newspapers in language learning?
Generally, all students did use the newspapers for learning. A majority of students 49% (N = 17) occasionally
used the newspaper for language learning. When asked by the researcher, some of the students mentioned that
when newspapers were used, they were assigned tasks which had something to do with newspapers. Otherwise
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3
49
11
40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3
29
23
49
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ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
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it was seldom used for their language work learning. Some 29% (N = 10) of the respondents mentioned that they
use newspapers weekly for their language work.
When enquired further, these 10 students lived in the school hostel and were assigned work by their
hostel administrator that used the newspapers as learning input. This information was useful to the researcher as
it shows the importance given by a non-teaching staff towards language acquisition. The remaining 23% (N = 8)
said that they only used the newspapers once or twice a month. They indicated they were not keen to use the
newspapers.
Q9
Percentage of usage
Key: 1 Used newspaper
2 Once or twice a
month
3 Occasionally
Figure 4.8. Estimate the percentage thus for in using newspapers in language learning?
A majority of the students, 74% (N = 26) only used the newspaper for about 25% for their language learning.
This is followed by the remaining 26% (N = 9) of the students who had acknowledge up to 50% usage in their
language learning. Item 9 strengthens and supports what has been mentioned in item 8.
4.3.2 Questionnaire 2
This questionnaire was administered after Questionnaire 1. The purpose of this questionnaire was to
find out students‟ experiences after the 12 weeks of using the newspaper in their language learning. This
questionnaire had two sections (see Appendix 2)
Section A was to find learners‟ perception in using newspapers for their language learning. It had had
11 items. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 were closed questions. The learners had to make choice or decide
their opinion based on a Likert-scale. Items 7 and 11 were open questions, where the learners wrote their
answer. Section B was to seek the learners‟ feedback pertaining to the use of newspapers. It had 18 items, 7
items (closed questions) and 11 open questions, where the learners wrote their answer.
Section B was to seek the learners‟ feedback pertaining to the use of newspapers. It had 7 items all
were closed questions. Students had to indicate their choice on the given Likert-Scale. The scale five-point scale
was as follows: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly disagree
Every item in the questionnaire too had been analysed based on percentages of frequency. Comments
and responses for open-ended questions were complied, categorized and described accordingly.
For the purpose of this study only seven were chosen and they make up 20% of the sample used. The
samples were from R10, R15, R20, R25, R30, and R35 of the roll call respectively. The students were selected
based on random sampling.
In Table 4.2 learners have indicated several reasons for preferring to use the newspapers in the
language learning.
0
20
40
60
80
1 2
74
26
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Table 4.2 Reasons for Using the Newspapers
Items
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly%
Agree (N)
Disagree%
(N)
Neutral%
(N)
Agree%
(N)
Strongly%
Agree (N)
Responsible for my own
learning
Nil 3%
(1)
31%
(11)
51%
(18)
14%
(5)
Decided my own reading
topics
Nil Nil 17%
(8)
43%
(15)
37%
(12)
Decide my own pace Nil 11%
(4)
29%
(10)
49%
(17)
11%
(4)
Own area of language need Nil 11%
(4)
37%
(13)
40%
(14)
11%
(4)
Materials in authentic Nil 3%
(1)
29%
(10)
29%
(10)
40%
(14)
Several reasons were stated by the students for using newspapers in their language learning. In Table
4.2 basically 51% (N = 18) of the respondents agreed and 14% (N = 5) strongly agreed that they could take
charge of their own learning. This was followed by 31% (n = 11) and 3% (N = 1) indicating that they were not
certain. When asked or enquired further they had stated that they could not take this responsibility well. It was
an awkward feeling all together. But with peer support they manage to follow the learning session.
There was a total of 60% (49%+11%) who had indicated that they could decide their own learning pace
based on their proficiency. Some had mentioned that the selections of article of a given task were independently
chosen by the students. They looked at the length of the articles. Short articles were easy to manage by the
learners in terms of content, length and vocabulary. As the learning time was limited students needed to be wise
in setting the article for the tasks. This was seen by the researcher when they carried out activity on article
„Earth Hour‟.
In total 51% (40%+11%) (N = 10) of the learners had responded by stating that they could work for
their own language needs. They added that the newspapers were reference materials and also as reading material
for them during leisure time. As the newspapers were easily available in class and at home, they were
comfortable in accessing and using them in their language tasks.
About 40% (N = 14) and 29% (N = 10) of the respondents have agreed to support the fact stated by
Howell (1986, p. 40), because of the authenticity of content, the newspapers provided for motivated reading in
learners. Being motivated is important in a student‟s life. The intrinsic and extrinsic motivation provides
learners with the drive to learn and acquire knowledge. According to Harmer (1984), “motivation in some kind
of internal drive that encourages somebody to pursue a course of action”. If we perceive the goal and that goal is
sufficiently attractive, we will be strongly motivated to do whatever is necessary to reach that goal‟. Chan
(2001) had also reached a similar conclusion in her project that had used newspapers to encourage motivation in
learners. Truly, the newspapers can spread the inner drive in learners.
10. International Journal of Arts and Social Science www.ijassjournal.com
ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
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Q6
Figure 4.9. I think newspaper reading is good for classroom learning.
As large number of the respondents have agreed that newspaper reading was a good supplement to classroom
learning 57% (N=20) and 26% (N=9) have supported this stand. Some students had indicated that apart from
other available reading materials, newspapers are seen to go easy with learners. This may be since every class
received a copy of The Star and the copies were readily available to the students.
Some learners (N = 2) has also indicated their reasons for not using newspapers for the
purpose of language learning. These were further explained and supported in the following table.
Table 4.3Do Not Prefer Newspaper as Approach for Language Learning
Item %
(N)
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly
Disagree
Disagreed Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
Use book
40%
(14)
54%
(9)
6%
(2)
Nil Nil
Material is
different
29%
(10)
37%
(12)
26%
(9)
9%
(4)
Nil
Students have indicated varied respondents for their preference in using the newspapers (Table 4.3). Learners
generally have shown great interest in using the newspapers. In fact, 94% (54%+40%), (N=3) have indicated
that they liked using newspapers as an approach towards language learning when compared to the existing
textbook used in the classroom. The researcher was keen to get further information from the remaining 2
students (6%) who have indicated otherwise. They preferred the textbook as they found the material to be
equally good. Moreover, the textbook is a compulsory learning material compared to the newspaper. Every
student had a copy whilst the newspapers were regarded as an optional tool or source. They felt very confident
and secure in having the textbook with them.
The level of difficulty of the English found in the newspaper had not in any way hampered the learners‟
learning experience (Table 4.3). Most of the students 66% (29% + 37), (N = 23) had disagreed with the
statement that the material was too difficult for their level of English. The students in this study were of mixed
ability. Their English proficiency level was based on their semester exam results. Looking at their class
performance doing observation, the researcher felt that learners had ended challenged them with the challenging
text. Some articles were long, but they were able to handle them well. Towards the end of the study the students
Key: 1 Strongly
disagree
2 Disagree
3 Neutral
4 Agree
5 Strongly Agree
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2 3 4 5
6
11
26
5
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ISSN: 2581-7922,
Volume 2 Issue 2, March-April 2019.
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were able to manage the language in the newspapers on their own. The related tasks such as „Article Search 1
and 2‟ were useful for them in strengthening their language skills.
V. CONCLUSION
The use of newspaper in the acquisition of English language undoubtedly would benefit language
learners. However, it is of utmost importance to carry out careful planning in the selection of articles, adoption
of articles and the designing of appropriate tasks based on the syllabus. Being an area, which is not widely
explored by teachers, it is important that there is a clear understanding and familiarization of the purpose and
conditions of language to ensure that it yields positive results. The newspaper plays a dual role of improving
language skills as well as educating the readers; these roles pave a way in learners towards self- improvement in
language learning. It encourages creative thinking, easy and quick learning and successful, application. The
mastering of English language will in turn strengthen a developing country like Malaysia.
A wealth of endless possibilities and surprises await the teachers and students who would use this approach to
language learning. The use of newspapers is strongly recommended because it surely encourages language
learners. On-going efforts by the Star, via its Education fund sponsorship program, are timely and needed to be
supported by all quarters. Many from the public, the public sector and NGOs have come forward to support this
program. It is encouraging to know their concern. Educators must view the strength of English language as a
tool to assist Malaysia to excel in the fields of Science and Technology, to meet the growing demands of the
country in this endeavour towards visualizing its stake in the world. It is never too late to use the newspaper as a
tool for language learning. The newspaper has been said to be an endless resource for innovative teachers and
learners besides invigorating routine lessons (Howell, 1986).
REFERENCES
[1.] Ambigapathy, P.(2002). English language teaching in Malaysia today. Asia Pacific Journal of
Education, 22(2), 35-52.
[2.] Chan, Victoria. (2001). The newspaper projects. Modern English Teacher,10(1), pp. 25-30
[3.] Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language Teaching. London: Longman.
[4.] Nambiar, R. M. K. (2007). Enhancing academic literacy among tertiary learners: A
Malaysianexperience. 3L Journal of Language Teaching, Linguistics and Literature, 13.
[5.] Porcaro, J. W. (2001). Newspapercartoons. Modern English Teacher,10(2), 29-33.
[6.] SekolahMenengahSainsPasirPuteh English Panel. (2009). Newspaper Across Curriculum: A Teacher‟s
Guide to Using Newspapers to Enhance Language Skills. Retrieved from
http://www.smsppenglishpanel.net/index.php/nac
[7.] Smyth, Robyn. (2004). Exploring the usefulness of a conceptual framework as a research tool: A
researcher‟s reflections. Issues in Educational Research, 14(2), pp. 167-180.