A Comparative Study of American English File and New Headway English CourseAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Textbooks play an essential role in the language learning process. The difficulty is that among a wide range of textbooks in the market,there are a lot ofoptions which make the process of book selection even harder. Therefore, book evaluation is a vital process, and it has great impact on the process of learning and teaching. In order to evaluate ELT textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. To this end, two EFL textbooks namely New Headway English Courseand American English File which are commonly taught in language institutes in Iranwere selected for evaluation by seeking the teachers’ viewpoints on the effectiveness of the two textbooks. Twenty ELT teachers helped the researcher rate the evaluative checklists. A modified version of [1] teacher textbook evaluation form was used to collect data.The results indicated that the differences between the two textbooks were not significant in four features including practical considerations, layout and design, activities, and skills, but they proved to be different in some other features including language type as well as subject and content.
An Evaluation of the New Interchange SeriesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In language teaching and learning, textbooks can play a very important role. As Riazi (2002)
stated,textbooks are the second effective factor in every classroom after the teacher. Therefore, choosing an
appropriate textbook for a class has been one of the most essential tasks for teachers and curriculum planners.
Thus, it is clear that evaluating a textbook is of great importance in order to achieve the desired objectives.In
this paper, Littlejohn‟s framework (1998) is employed in this attempt with the aim of evaluating the New
Interchange Serieswritten by Richards, Hull and Proctor (2006). This framework evaluates theselected textbook
regardless of how it is used in the classroom. In sum, the analysis indicated that the New Interchange
Seriesdon‟temploy learners or the teachers as a source for its content; rather, they pay attention mainly on pair
works and meaning. They also encourage students to use the language, andmore importantly they usually
require them to talk and discuss rather than to be a listener.However, there were some parts, including
retrieving, repetition and written extended discourse, that need to be taken into better consideration.
What Does Effective Writing Instruction Look Like? Practices of Exemplary Wr...TDWolsey
Abstract
Recent research indicates that pre-service teachers receive insufficient instruction in the teaching of writing (Graham, et al., 2014). A study of 50 U.S. teachers in preparation found that only about 25% had a writing-intensive methods course in their program (Myers, et al., 2016). Using constructivist grounded theory, researchers investigated the modes and methods of 18 teacher educators across the U.S., the content of writing methods courses, how they structured learning experiences for new teachers, and the theoretical and practical models of writing that were employed.Data were gathered through collection of course syllabi and interviews with writing faculty. Data were analyzed through open coding for themes. The research team triangulated the data for reliability and did member checks to refine the themes. Findings showed that exemplary writing instructors viewed writing as a tool of power for social justice. They sought to develop teacher candidates who saw themselves as writers by employing a process writing approach across a variety of genres, taught in writing methods classes. The implications and the applications to k-12 classrooms will be discussed in the session.
A Comparative Study of American English File and New Headway English CourseAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Textbooks play an essential role in the language learning process. The difficulty is that among a wide range of textbooks in the market,there are a lot ofoptions which make the process of book selection even harder. Therefore, book evaluation is a vital process, and it has great impact on the process of learning and teaching. In order to evaluate ELT textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. To this end, two EFL textbooks namely New Headway English Courseand American English File which are commonly taught in language institutes in Iranwere selected for evaluation by seeking the teachers’ viewpoints on the effectiveness of the two textbooks. Twenty ELT teachers helped the researcher rate the evaluative checklists. A modified version of [1] teacher textbook evaluation form was used to collect data.The results indicated that the differences between the two textbooks were not significant in four features including practical considerations, layout and design, activities, and skills, but they proved to be different in some other features including language type as well as subject and content.
An Evaluation of the New Interchange SeriesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In language teaching and learning, textbooks can play a very important role. As Riazi (2002)
stated,textbooks are the second effective factor in every classroom after the teacher. Therefore, choosing an
appropriate textbook for a class has been one of the most essential tasks for teachers and curriculum planners.
Thus, it is clear that evaluating a textbook is of great importance in order to achieve the desired objectives.In
this paper, Littlejohn‟s framework (1998) is employed in this attempt with the aim of evaluating the New
Interchange Serieswritten by Richards, Hull and Proctor (2006). This framework evaluates theselected textbook
regardless of how it is used in the classroom. In sum, the analysis indicated that the New Interchange
Seriesdon‟temploy learners or the teachers as a source for its content; rather, they pay attention mainly on pair
works and meaning. They also encourage students to use the language, andmore importantly they usually
require them to talk and discuss rather than to be a listener.However, there were some parts, including
retrieving, repetition and written extended discourse, that need to be taken into better consideration.
What Does Effective Writing Instruction Look Like? Practices of Exemplary Wr...TDWolsey
Abstract
Recent research indicates that pre-service teachers receive insufficient instruction in the teaching of writing (Graham, et al., 2014). A study of 50 U.S. teachers in preparation found that only about 25% had a writing-intensive methods course in their program (Myers, et al., 2016). Using constructivist grounded theory, researchers investigated the modes and methods of 18 teacher educators across the U.S., the content of writing methods courses, how they structured learning experiences for new teachers, and the theoretical and practical models of writing that were employed.Data were gathered through collection of course syllabi and interviews with writing faculty. Data were analyzed through open coding for themes. The research team triangulated the data for reliability and did member checks to refine the themes. Findings showed that exemplary writing instructors viewed writing as a tool of power for social justice. They sought to develop teacher candidates who saw themselves as writers by employing a process writing approach across a variety of genres, taught in writing methods classes. The implications and the applications to k-12 classrooms will be discussed in the session.
An Investigation on English Reading Strategies of Chinese College Studentsinventionjournals
English reading is not only an effective way for EFL to develop their language sense, accumulate language knowledge and experience, but also it helps develop learners’ English skills and learning interest. However, in China, a lot of college students still pay too much attention to the translation of new words and phrases and explanation of grammatical knowledge in College English reading. Many teachers neglect the development of reading strategies, what’s more, students’ monitoring and accommodation techniques are an acute shortage, which resulted in their partial and separate views and low efficiency in English reading.Therefore, it is of vital importance to study College English reading strategies. Through the investigation of the application of reading strategies among sample college students in Jiangxi province of China, the researcher of this paper employed the methods of quantitative analysis and literature review as a certain amount of qualitative analysis to process the data collected by the investigation, thus, the paper provides some possible suggestions on the teaching of College English reading, so as to help promote the teaching and learning of College English reading in China
A Study of the Effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning and Structured Academic Controversy on the Language Proficiency of Iranian EFL College Seniors
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini, PhD (TESOL)
E-mail: mhhosseini73@yahoo.com
• This article was published at the International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 3 (2012): 54-69.
See http://beyondelt.blogfa.com
Students’ Perceptions of Grammar Teaching and Learning in English Language Cl...iosrjce
The use of grammar teaching in the field of second language acquisition has been extensively
studied, but there is a lacuna in the literature, regarding the students’ perception of its importance. To
investigate this aspect, the study was conducted on a group of 15 students studying in Semester Five, in the
English Language Department of Misurata University, Libya. The students were interviewed in groups of three
with nine specific questions, and the responses were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The findings
revealed that although they all came from the same cultural, linguistic and educational backgrounds, they had
different perceptions regarding the form focused instruction of grammar. The information gathered is of
considerable significance to ESL teachers who intend to meet students’ needs as well as reduce conflicts caused
by different perspectives between teachers and students regarding whether or not grammar teaching should be
encouraged in the classroom.
Efforts to Improve Students' Ability to Write Text in the Form of Procedures ...M. Ifaldi Sidik
This study aims to obtain information and find out about Efforts to
Improve Students' Ability to Write Text in the Form of Procedure
through the Make a Match Learning Model in Class IX.4 of SMP
Negeri 1 Batang Anai. This type of research is classroom action
research with research subjects being grade IX.4 students of SMP
Negeri 1 Batang Anai with a total of 32 students. This study consisted
of two cycles, where the first cycle was carried out at meetings 1 and
2 and the second cycle was carried out at meetings 3 and 4. Each cycle
consisted of four stages of research, namely planning, implementing
actions, observing and reflecting. To obtain research data three
instruments were used, namely observation sheets, field notes, and
test sheets, which were analyzed qualitatively using percentages.
Based on the results of the study showed that the learning activities
of class IX.4 students using the make a match learning model
increased from initial conditions, cycle I and cycle II
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Ged to postsecondary annotated bibliographyDenise Guckert
This is an annotated bibliography with a focus on core academic areas that was formerly published on the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board's website. With the redesign, it has been taken off, most likely due to being written in 2013.
Teaching learning skills at post secondary level - from critique to pedagogic...The Free School
This paper summarises the rationale that underpins the curriculum design for a unit of study
that I have authored titled ‘Teaching learning skills at post-secondary level’. This paper
comprises part of a series by this author that shows how academics may use detailed practical
examples to supplement their scholarship that offers a critique of pedagogical practices.
An Investigation on English Reading Strategies of Chinese College Studentsinventionjournals
English reading is not only an effective way for EFL to develop their language sense, accumulate language knowledge and experience, but also it helps develop learners’ English skills and learning interest. However, in China, a lot of college students still pay too much attention to the translation of new words and phrases and explanation of grammatical knowledge in College English reading. Many teachers neglect the development of reading strategies, what’s more, students’ monitoring and accommodation techniques are an acute shortage, which resulted in their partial and separate views and low efficiency in English reading.Therefore, it is of vital importance to study College English reading strategies. Through the investigation of the application of reading strategies among sample college students in Jiangxi province of China, the researcher of this paper employed the methods of quantitative analysis and literature review as a certain amount of qualitative analysis to process the data collected by the investigation, thus, the paper provides some possible suggestions on the teaching of College English reading, so as to help promote the teaching and learning of College English reading in China
A Study of the Effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning and Structured Academic Controversy on the Language Proficiency of Iranian EFL College Seniors
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini, PhD (TESOL)
E-mail: mhhosseini73@yahoo.com
• This article was published at the International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 3 (2012): 54-69.
See http://beyondelt.blogfa.com
Students’ Perceptions of Grammar Teaching and Learning in English Language Cl...iosrjce
The use of grammar teaching in the field of second language acquisition has been extensively
studied, but there is a lacuna in the literature, regarding the students’ perception of its importance. To
investigate this aspect, the study was conducted on a group of 15 students studying in Semester Five, in the
English Language Department of Misurata University, Libya. The students were interviewed in groups of three
with nine specific questions, and the responses were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The findings
revealed that although they all came from the same cultural, linguistic and educational backgrounds, they had
different perceptions regarding the form focused instruction of grammar. The information gathered is of
considerable significance to ESL teachers who intend to meet students’ needs as well as reduce conflicts caused
by different perspectives between teachers and students regarding whether or not grammar teaching should be
encouraged in the classroom.
Efforts to Improve Students' Ability to Write Text in the Form of Procedures ...M. Ifaldi Sidik
This study aims to obtain information and find out about Efforts to
Improve Students' Ability to Write Text in the Form of Procedure
through the Make a Match Learning Model in Class IX.4 of SMP
Negeri 1 Batang Anai. This type of research is classroom action
research with research subjects being grade IX.4 students of SMP
Negeri 1 Batang Anai with a total of 32 students. This study consisted
of two cycles, where the first cycle was carried out at meetings 1 and
2 and the second cycle was carried out at meetings 3 and 4. Each cycle
consisted of four stages of research, namely planning, implementing
actions, observing and reflecting. To obtain research data three
instruments were used, namely observation sheets, field notes, and
test sheets, which were analyzed qualitatively using percentages.
Based on the results of the study showed that the learning activities
of class IX.4 students using the make a match learning model
increased from initial conditions, cycle I and cycle II
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Ged to postsecondary annotated bibliographyDenise Guckert
This is an annotated bibliography with a focus on core academic areas that was formerly published on the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board's website. With the redesign, it has been taken off, most likely due to being written in 2013.
Teaching learning skills at post secondary level - from critique to pedagogic...The Free School
This paper summarises the rationale that underpins the curriculum design for a unit of study
that I have authored titled ‘Teaching learning skills at post-secondary level’. This paper
comprises part of a series by this author that shows how academics may use detailed practical
examples to supplement their scholarship that offers a critique of pedagogical practices.
Introduction
Summary of the article/Dissertation
Critical Review on the Research
Organization, arguments and evidences in each part:
Abstract and Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Results
and mechanics
Conclusion
evaluate existing methodological approaches
inconsistencies in results
This book is primarily aimed at implicitly setting a framework for integrating online and face-to-face instruction coherently in one language course, although the authors claim that the book is not attempting to prescribe a series of dos and don’ts. The relatively concise but well-crafted book considers teachers as its main audience, walking them through various stages of creating a hybrid class, namely decision-making, planning, integration, and evaluation.
Applying Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) To Enhance Students ‘Communicati...AJSERJournal
Grammar teaching and learning play important roles in English acquisition. However, Vietnamese
educational system still favors grammar written tests to evaluate students’ English proficiency. Therefore, students
tend to learn more about language forms rather than meaningful language use. This has no doubt resulted in students’
poor communicative ability.
Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is a suitable teaching approach, if applied to teach grammar for teenager
students, it will not only promote their communicative ability but also instruct them to use grammar correctly and
comprehensively.
In other words, teachers use TBLT to balance the learning process in which learners both fulfill meaningful
communicative tasks and comprehend linguistic forms. In spite of the benefits brought to learners by TBLT, they are still
in theory. Therefore, in order to bridge the gap between theory and practice, it is essential to conduct a study which can
prove the effectiveness of applying TBLT. As the matter of fact, the research question is ‘How do students respond to
grammar learning with TBLT?’ The objective of this work can only be achieved by collecting and analyzing data, so
choosing research methods has to be done accurately and carefully
Developmental Process of Conceptual Understanding Through Reflective Journal ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The evolving educational landscape has made it more challenging to create 21st-century
learners who are prepared for the future and ready to take on the global competition. Furthermore, due to its
themes, goals, and objectives, social studies is mostly necessary in the current world. Additionally, it encourages
civic engagement and social interaction. Hence, this study investigated the effects of reflective journal writing
(RJW) in improving students' conceptual understanding. The study involved Grade-12 students of a
government-owned school in Olongapo, Philippines. The results revealed that the students' level of conceptual
understanding is at a developing level before the use of the intervention. After the application and use of RJW, it
has been observed that the level of conceptual understanding has improved. This research affirms the positive
effects of journal writing on the students’ enhancement of their conceptual understanding. Thus, teachers may
consider the strategy for students’ conceptual retention and enhancement. A parallel study may be conducted to
validate the effects of the intervention in other contexts.
Keywords -Conceptual Understanding, Social Studies, Reflective Writing, Transformative Learning
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Running head: BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY REVIEW 1
Bibliography Entry Review
Sayed Nazari
California State University Monterey Bay
November 9, 2017
2. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 2
Johnson, S. D., Aragon, S. R., Shaik, N., & Palma-Rivas, N. (2000). Comparative analysis of
learner satisfaction and learning outcomes in online and face-to-face learning
environments. Journal of interactive learning research, 11(1), 29. Retrieved from
file:///Users/sayed.nazari/Downloads/article_8371%20(1).pdf
The authors of this article are graduate students from University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign with motive to investigate and conduct a comparative analysis of online and face-to-
face learning from the learners’ perspectives. The purpose of this study was to find and elaborate
on the important and effective factors of online learning, and its impacts in compare to the
traditional learning system. The authors arguably clarified the misconceptions of online learning
by basing their arguments on different learning preferences, needs, and personal motivational
factors helping develop critical thinking skills in the graduate level.
The authors used the pre-existing researches done on graduate level, and the target
audience would be college level students for this research. The authors’ standpoint appears to be
discuss and elaborate on the positivity and flexibility of the online learning which is one of the
main source of promoting a diverse learning environment that everyone can be benefited from.
The authors also based their opinions and arguments on the ISD model, and the importance of
designing interactive online lessons. The findings in this study were based on ratings both, online
and traditional learnings received from learners that the rating of online learning was a bit lower
than the traditional even though it has been criticized from many perspectives. Thus, the students
provided positive feedback and were optimistic about both learning models.
This is one of the articles that talks about adult learners learning preferences, especially
online learning, and I like to cite it in my writing for its relevancy to my topic. It is a useful
3. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 3
source because it discusses the similarities and differences of the traditional and online models of
learning. Thus, it will be a good source for writing a paper on learning strategies.
Macaro, E. (2006). Strategies for language learning and for language use: Revising the
theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal, 90(3), 320-337. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3876831.pdf
Ernesto Macaro is a professor in the Department of Educational Studies at University of
Oxford. He has studied previous researches on strategies used in the second language learning
since 1970. The purpose of this article is to review strategy research based problems from a
theoretical standpoint in which strategies are differentiated from various standpoints. The author
tends to explore the strategies used either during learning a second language or using a language
as he supported his arguments by citing four well known and often cited books (Naiman,
Frohlich, Stern, & Todesco, 1978/1996; O'Malley & Chamot, 1990; Oxford, 1990; Wenden &
Rubin, 1987).
The author based his research and statement of purpose to use college students learning a
second language as the audience for this study. He discusses the two important aspects of
learning a second language, defining the strategy and using it in learning a second language. The
study was conducted on collage level students to review and use multiple strategies that can help
ESL learners in learning and using a second language. The author also discusses the relationship
between subconscious activity and learner strategy that how they shape and affect the learning
process by showing how the subconscious activity interacts with brain that changes learning
preferences, respectively.
This study recommends that is important to view strategies as an integral component of
learning process, rather than a component to speed up learning. The author further elaborates that
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 4
learning does not come from learners’ frequently used strategies, but the strategies available to
them, their personal strategies that best fit their learning preferences, and intelligence. In the
conclusion, the author summarizes researches conducted in learning strategies, but still
theoretical criticisms have been persisted with some level of justification for almost over two
decades.
This article will support my research in many ways since it talks about multiple learning
strategies in the field of second language accusations focusing on adult learners. For instance,
using this article will help me integrate different types of strategies to various aspects of adult
learning to make language learning more successful. It, in addition, is a useful and well
researched article.
Oxford, R. L. (2002). Language learning strategies in a nutshell: Update and ESL
suggestions. Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice, 124-
132. Retrieved from
https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/35730301/Methodology_in_Langua
ge_Teaching.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=151029
2606&Signature=5f3SWMgD5U0PZs0QLDu9XM%2Fxn94%3D&response-content-
disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DMethodology_in_Language_Teaching.pdf#page
=134
Methodology of Language Teaching was published by Cambridge University Press, and
later edited by Jack. C. Richardson and Willy A. Renandya. The purpose of this book is to
provide an overview the current teaching methodologies, issues, and practice in the (TESOL)
program for foreign nationals learning English. The book specifically provides an overview of
classroom practices and teaching approaches with the emphasis on the second language English
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 5
learners. Further, it elaborates and provides some teaching strategies, and sources that can be
implemented as language teaching and learning materials in the classrooms.
The audience stated in this book were all foreign nationals learning English as their
second language currently enrolled in (TESOL) program, and as well as some previously done
researches, respectfully. The authors of the book also focused and referred to the history of the
language learning program with the emphasis on learners and teachers’ learning methods or
strategies in the pedagogical level.
The authors believed and have stated in this book that in order to have vibrant and active
language teaching classrooms, it is important to adopt to a content-based teaching approach
because such method creates a collaborative learning environment. From their standpoints,
providing project, and content-based learning materials will increase the level of participation
and collaboration regardless of learners and learning difference. Due to the nature of learning a
language, and the purpose of this book, the authors believe and suggest that project-based
learning or teaching is easier and more effective for teachers and language learners alike.
This book was written using an integrate approach to keep the relationship with other
aspects of the language. The rule and importance of interconnectivity in learning and teaching a
foreign language to natives and non-nates is obeyed, and will provide a clear understanding of
the topics, and sub-topics. The authors are impartial in viewing all skills necessary for learning a
language, and have given all four skills, reading writing listening and speaking equal importance
with some exceptions in language literature from a linguistics view.
As a result, the book offers some characteristics for effective teaching as summarized
below: for effective teaching, it is important that teacher should always preplan when creating
teaching activities because students are lesson oriented, and there are high expectations for their
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 6
learning. It is also important to provide activities or any sort of teaching materials with clear
instructions, and keep track of students’ progress. The authors further discussed the importance
of time management that how important it is to use the class time only for learning so that the
students have enough to time to obtain and process the information.
The instruction groups, and any other kind of learning activities should be formed on
need-based policy because it is important, and yet essential to provide students with information
that they need, and can absorb. In addition, the authors explained and emphasized on promoting
the concept of positive communication between teachers and students.
The reason I like this book or use it in my research is its rich content. The book talks
about a lot of learning strategies, and characteristics in the field of second language accusation.
My research topic is about the study strategies, and I see this book as a positive and effective fit
for my topic, and will be one of the best sources to be cited. I also like the way it talks about the
teaching and learning preference in the pedagogical setting, which is what the language learning
is about even though, if the learning takes place in the adult education system. Thus, this book
will help me and add up to my research topic to have useful product.
Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1990). What influences learning? A content
analysis of review literature. The Journal of Educational Research, 84(1), 30-43.
Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40539680.pdf
The article is written by Margaret C. Wang, Geneva D. Haertel and Herbert J. Walberg
professors at the Temple University, California University, and Illinoi University in response to
the question what influences learning using a content analysis. The purpose of this study was to
comprehensive review of the cognitive and effective learning outcomes. Since the study is
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 7
conducted to review the existing information about influential factors of learning, the audience is
not focused in this review, but a large number of books, articles, and some handouts.
The authors used various methods to collect data for review of literature, and based their
bias on finding what truly influences learning, by keeping the importance of metacognition,
classroom management, and other learning activities in the classroom setting. The authors’
interest in this study is to analyze the topic using review and research as they are to investigate
and identify the motivational factors driving learning. The findings of this article are the
importance of distinct influence that how essential it is, and the quality of schooling for learning
outcomes.
This is a well written article citing credible sources which support my topic because it
contains useful information. I liked the variables the authors used in their study, and that adds up
to the articles credibility and, and gives me a chance to study my topic from a different angle to
draw my conclusion using an integral approach.
Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1997). What Helps Students Learn? Spotlight on
Student Success. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED461694.pdf
The authors of this article are professors at the University of Philadelphia discussing in
their study what helps students learn. The authors investigated and analyzed a number of
handbooks, articles, and previously done researches to base their findings on factors that help
students learn. In order for the authors to collect their data, they used the models of schooling
that influenced learning to find categories that promotes better learning. The audience for this
analytical study were school students to their classroom instruction, characteristics, and their
social contexts.
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTERY REVIEW 8
From the authors’ standpoint, direct influence such as, spending more time with students,
has greater impact to influence learning. The main points the authors made and concluded with
were the learning environment and its impact on students learning in terms direct influences. I
liked this article because it is brief and talks about important influential factors that help provide
better learning experience, and also it will be a good source for my topic since it best fits my
topic, and focuses learning strategies.