Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) sebagai metode pengurasan minyak tahap lanjut dengan menginjeksikan zat ke dalam reservoar untuk meningkatkan recovery factor. Dokumen ini menjelaskan berbagai metode EOR seperti water flooding, miscible flooding, chemical flooding, dan thermal flooding beserta konsep dasar, mekanisme, dan kriteria pemilihan metode.
The problem of water and gas coning has plagued the petroleum industry for decades. Water or gas encroachment in oil zone and thus simultaneous production of oil & water or oil & gas is a major technical, environmental and economic problems associated with oil and gas production. This can limit the productive life of the oil and gas wells and can cause severe problems including corrosion of tubulars, fine migration, hydrostatic loading etc. The environmental impact of handling, treating and disposing of the produced water can seriously affect the economics of the production. Commonly, the reservoirs have an aquifer beneath the zone of hydrocarbon. While producing from oil zone, there develops a low pressure zone as a result of which the water zone starts coning upwards and gas zone cones down towards the production perforation in oil zone and thus reducing the oil production. Pressure enhanced capillary transition zone enlargement around the wellbore is responsible for the concurrent production. This also results in the loss of water drive and gas drive to a certain extent.
Numerous technologies have been developed to control unwanted water and gas coning. In order to design an effective strategy to control the coning of oil or gas, it is important to understand the mechanism of coning of oil and gas in reservoirs by developing a model of it. Non-Darcy flow effect (NDFE), vertical permeability, aquifer size, density of well perforation, and flow behind casing increase water coning/inflow to wells in homogeneous gas reservoirs with bottom water are important factors to consider. There are several methods to slow down coning of water and/or gas such as producing at a certain critical rate, polymer injection, Downhole Water Sink (DWS) technology etc.
Shubham Saxena
B.Tech. petroleum Engineering
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad
The problem of water and gas coning has plagued the petroleum industry for decades. Water or gas encroachment in oil zone and thus simultaneous production of oil & water or oil & gas is a major technical, environmental and economic problems associated with oil and gas production. This can limit the productive life of the oil and gas wells and can cause severe problems including corrosion of tubulars, fine migration, hydrostatic loading etc. The environmental impact of handling, treating and disposing of the produced water can seriously affect the economics of the production. Commonly, the reservoirs have an aquifer beneath the zone of hydrocarbon. While producing from oil zone, there develops a low pressure zone as a result of which the water zone starts coning upwards and gas zone cones down towards the production perforation in oil zone and thus reducing the oil production. Pressure enhanced capillary transition zone enlargement around the wellbore is responsible for the concurrent production. This also results in the loss of water drive and gas drive to a certain extent.
Numerous technologies have been developed to control unwanted water and gas coning. In order to design an effective strategy to control the coning of oil or gas, it is important to understand the mechanism of coning of oil and gas in reservoirs by developing a model of it. Non-Darcy flow effect (NDFE), vertical permeability, aquifer size, density of well perforation, and flow behind casing increase water coning/inflow to wells in homogeneous gas reservoirs with bottom water are important factors to consider. There are several methods to slow down coning of water and/or gas such as producing at a certain critical rate, polymer injection, Downhole Water Sink (DWS) technology etc.
Shubham Saxena
B.Tech. petroleum Engineering
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad
1. Fakultas Teknik
Jurusan teknik Perminyakan
Universitas Proklamasi 45 Yogyakarta
Hendri/082331317678 Hendri anur #Hendri_anur
2. (ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY)
EOR
EOR Adalah Metode Pengurasan Minyak
Tahap Lanjut Dengan Menginjeksikan
Sejumlah Zat Kedalam Reservoar Melalui
Sumur Injeksi Dengan Tujuan Recovery
Factor Dapat Meningkat.
3. TAHAPAN RECOVERY OIL
NATURAL FLOW
WATER
DRIVE
DEPLETION
DRIVE
GAS CAP
DRIVE
GRAVITY
DRIVE
COMBINAT
ION DRIVE
ARTIFICIAL LIFT
POMPA GAS LIFT
EOR
IMMISCIBLE MISCIBLE
WATER GAS
PRESSURE
MAINTENANCE
WATER FLOODING
GAS
CO2
N2
INERT GAS
CHEMICHAL
-POLIMER
-SURFACTAN
-ALKALINE
-ASP
THERMAL
-HOT WATER
-STEAM
-INSITU COMABATION
MEOR
PRIMARY RECOVERY
SECONDARY RECOVERY TERTIERY RECOVERY
4. KONSEP DASAR EOR
Menginjeksikan Fluida Dari Luar
Reservoar Kedalam Reservoar
Untuk Mendorong Minyak
Mendekati Sumur-Sumur Produksi.
Ct. Water Flooding
Merubah Sifat Fisik Batuan Dan
Fluida Reservoar Sehingga
Mobilitas Minyak Semakin Besar.
Ct. Steam Flooding, Gas Flooding,
MEOR.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG
MEMPENGARUHI
KEBERHASILAN EOR
Kedalaman Reservoar
Heterogenitas Reservoar
Cadangan Sisa (Sor)
Sifat Fisik Batuan
Sifat Fisik Fluida Reservoar
Tenaga Pendorong Yang Bekerja Pada
Reservoar
5. TAHAPAN-TAHAPAN PELAKSANAAN EOR
1. Reevaluasi Data-Data Geologi, Reservoar, Produksi Pada Tahap
Primary Recovery.
2. Membuat Screening Criteria (Kriteria Pemilihan).
3. Memilih Metode EOR Yang Sesuai Dengan Screening Criteria.
4. Melakukan Percobaan EOR Pada Skala Labolatorium.
5. Melakukan Simulasi EOR Dengan Model Fisik/ Matematik.
6. Cross Cek Hasil Perolehan Model Fisik
7. Pilot Projek
8. Full Scale
7. IMMISCIBLE FLOODING
Metode Pendesakan Fluida Yang Immiscible
(Tak Tercampur) Diinjeksikan Kedalam
Reservoar Untuk Mendesak Minyak Agar
Mengalir Kesumur-Sumur Produksi.
Fluida Yang Sering Digunakan Pada Proses
Ini Adalah Air Dan Gas Tak Tercampur.
9. PRESSURE MAINTENANCE
Suatu Cara Untuk Meningkatkan Perolehan Minyak atau
Laju Produksi Minyak Dengan Jalan Menginjeksikan
Air Ke Dalam Reservoar Pada Saat Tenaga Pendorong
Reservoar Masih Mampu Untuk Memproduksikan
Minyak Ke Permukaan.
Tujuannya Adalah Menjaga Tekanan Reservoar Agar
Tetap Tinggi.
11. WATER FLOODING
Suatu Metode Perolehan Minyak
Tahap Lanjut Dimana Air Diinjeksikan
Kedalam Reservoar Untuk Mendesak
Minyak Mengalir Kesumur-Sumur
Produksi.
12. ALASAN WATER FLOODING
Tersedia Dalam Jumlah Yang Melimpah
Relatif Mudah Diinjeksikan Dan Mampu
Menyebar Keseluruh Reservoar
Lebih Efisien Dalam Mendesak Minyak.
13. SCREENING CRITERIA
WATER FLOODING
Oil Gravity > 20 API
Viscositas Minyak < 30 Cp
Saturasi Gas > 5 %
Saturasi Air < 60 %
Permeabilitas > 10 mD
Tekanan Reservoar < 1500 Psi
Temperatur NC
Kedalaman Reservoar > 1000 Feet
14. MEKANISME INJEKSI AIR
2 Injection Water1 Oil Zone
Injection
Well
Separation and
Storage Facilities
Water
Injection
Pump
Production Well
12
2 Injection Water1 Oil Zone
Injection
Well
Separation and
Storage Facilities
Water
Injection
Pump
Production Well
12
15. Miscible Gas Flooding (CO2 Injection)
1234
Injection
Well
Separation and
Storage Facilities
CO2 Injection
From Pipeline
or Recycle
Water
Injection
Pump
Production Well
2 Oil Bank/Miscible
Front
3 CO2 and Water Zone 41 Waterflood Sor
Drive Water
16. MEKANISME INJEKSI AIR
Wastes for
Disposal
Water for
Discharge
Injection Well
Reservoir
Producing Well
Oil/Water Separation
HC Transportation for Sale
Water Source
Water Treatment