The Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 was the worst nuclear disaster in history. It occurred during a safety test when operators made procedural errors that caused an uncontrollable power surge and explosions. This released massive amounts of radioactive materials into the environment. Initially over 30 emergency workers and staff died from acute radiation exposure. Long term impacts included increased rates of thyroid cancer and leukemia as well as non-cancer illnesses. Over 200,000 people were permanently evacuated and the area became largely uninhabitable. The disaster also had massive economic and social costs. While harmful, it did provide important lessons that improved nuclear safety standards worldwide.

1. THE CONSEQUENCES AND IMPACTS OF
CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
By: Group Seven
Go.! Study of Nuclear Engineering, Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Gadjah Mada University

2. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
No. Name Id Position
1 Samsiatun Mudzkhiyah 37915 Moderator
2 Awang Febri Ciptani 38935 Presentator 1 The Chronology
3 Rismah Taufik Adhihutomo 37837 Presentator 2
The effects and
4 Finny Pratama Putra 38946 Presentator 2
consequenses
5 Arief Fauzi 38468 Presentator 2
6 Azhim Kurniawan 38632 Presentator 3 Lesson learn
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

3. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Chernobyl accident was the worst nuclear accident
in the world. It happened because the procedural
error. It was affect badly to the environment,
people’s healthy and also social economic. Inspite
of its bad impact there was many lessons learn
have to taken to enhance the nuclear itself for our
better future.
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

4. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
 Located 11 miles north of the city of Chernobyl
 Developed since 1954, and operated 1973-1975
 Consist of 4 RMBK reactors
 Produced 10% Ukraine’s electricity
 Due to the error of procedural, accident occured
On 26 April 1986 and released radioactive
materials
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

5. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
•On midnight 25 April 1986 trial is started. Reactor power
was reduced to 1600 MWT.
•At 0:28 am April 26 to power down again and operator
made a mistake ACS setting, so that the reactor power
drops drastically to only 30 MWT
•At 1:00 o'clock the operator managed to raise reactor
power to be 200 MWT by lifting number of control rods
from the reactor.
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By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

6. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
• At 01:19 the operator tries raise the pressure and water
level using a pump feeder.
• At 01.19,30 a water level required in the steam drum is
reached, but operators continue to add water feeder.
• At 01.22,30 operators see parameters on the reactor
system monitor. The data show that the operator must
shutdown reactor in a situation automatic shutdown
mechanism is not such work. But what happens
operators continue to experiment.
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By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

7. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
• At trial 01.23,04 begins again with the 200 MWT, and main steam
flow valve to the turbine number 8 is turned off.
• After a while then the reactor power raises fast but it so
late to shutdown reactors because alarm was sounded.
• Emergency system is not able to cope with these
conditions, Less than a second after the first explosion a
second explosion followed immediately caused by entry of
air into the terrace which causes the fuel and some
elements react with oxygen and burn awesome.
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By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

8. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
The initial explosion resulted in the
death of two workers.
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Twenty-eight of the firemen and
emergency clean-up workers died in the
first three months
Healthy Social, economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

9. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
• In total some 200,0000
people are believed to have
been relocated as a result of
the accident.
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Healthy Social, economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

10. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Three categories of populations who are exposed radiation caused by
the Chernobyl accident are:
1. Emergency workers and liquidators (recovery operation
workers) who worked in the Chernobyl reactor and are
in the exclusion zone after the accident
2. Residents who were evacuated from the area
contaminated next
3. Residents who live in the area contaminated but not
evacuated.
Healthy Social, economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

11. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Radioactive elements which were emitted into the environment :
 Iodine, strontium and caesium.
 Strontium-90 and Caesium-137
 Strontium ,iodin, caesium
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Healthy Social, economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

12. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Area was affected by the radioactive fallout:
 An area spanning 30 kilometres
 Some 150,000 square kilometres in Belarus,
Russia and Ukraine
 other region
Healthy Social, economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

13. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Thyroid Cancer
One of the principal radionuclides released by
the Chernobyl accident was iodine-131, which
was significant for the first months.
The thyroid gland accumulates iodine from
the blood stream as part of its normal
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metabolism.
Health Social Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

14. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Leukemia An increased risk of leukemia associated with radiation
exposure from Chernobyl was, therefore, expected among
the populations exposed.
The most recent studies suggest a two-fold increase in the
incidence of non-CLL leukemia between 1986 and 1996 in
Russian emergency and recovery operation workers
exposed to more than 150 mGy (external dose).
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Health Social Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

15. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Solid cancer different from Thyroid Cancer and Leukimia.
Solid Cancer
Its because their different in sensitivity to radiation in
terms of the minimal latency period, the time
dependency of risk and the dose-response relationship.
The data of solid cancer caused by Chernobyl accident
placed in UNSCEAR 200. And its not have any kind of
change until now.
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Health Social Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

16. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Non-Cancer and Non-Thyroid health effects
Cataracts
Cardiovascular diseases
Cryptogenic biomarkers and their significance
Immunological system effects
Heritable effects, birth defects and children’s health
Mental, Psychological and central nervous system effects
Estimation of mortality attribute to the Chernobyl accident.
Medical programmers and medical monitoring (screening).
Health Social Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

17. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
The disaster has placed a huge burden on national budget, the
expenditure related to:
• Actions to seal off the reactor
• Resettlement of people and construction
• Social protection and health care
• Research on environment, health and production of clean food
• Radiation monitoring
• Radioecological improvement
• losses relating to the opportunity cost
Health Social, Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

18. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
The town becomes a ghost town, no one live there. They move to
save place
In agriculture site, the level of radioactivity of agricultural
plants and plant-consuming animals was dominated by
surface deposits of radio nuclides
Radioactive material contaminated the aquatic systems and
absorbed to the soil. Its affect the creature in that aquatic
system.
Health Social, Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

19. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Positive impacts of the accident:
Chernobyl accident became a reference point for the construction of nuclear
powerplants
In the progress of next-generation NPP such as PWR, BWR, CANDU, AGR, ABWR,
System 80 + and FBR, the principle of safety is to prevent the possibility of
accidents and to minimize the impact if an accident occurs
Nuclear power plants is designed to be able to withstand extreme incident
Chernobyl accident does not make the trauma and stop all nuclear activities but
rather spur them to further improve safety culture and reactor design safety.
Health Social, Economy Environment Positive
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

20. The Concequenses and Impacts of Chernobyl Accident
Abstract Introduction Cronology Impacts & Consequences Lessons
Review from the case above, nuclear accident in Chernobyl, has
implicit senses:
 DO Professionally
 Be Careful
Prepare solution of any Possibility
 Determining minimum distance from the reactor to public
place.
By : Group Seven, Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

21. Thank you