This document discusses morphological analysis and the different types of morphemes and word formation in English. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful unit of a word. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which are affixes attached to free morphemes. English includes inflectional bound morphemes like plural -s and tense morphemes, as well as derivational prefixes and suffixes. The document also categorizes English as a fusional language that blends morphemes together. It outlines various processes of word formation in English, including derivation, clipping, blending, compounding, acronymy, and

1. MORPHOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS
ELT 333

2. MORPHEME
• The smallest meaningful part of a word. It is a single
minimal unit of meaning.
• Examples:
– fly (word) – flies is a morpheme
– fly  “s”  present tense morpheme
“s”  plural morpheme

3. TYPES OF MORPHEMES
1. Free Morpheme – single morpheme or the
base/root word
Ex.
beauty cloud
act look
people freeze

4. 2. Bound Morpheme – those that are attached to
their free morpheme called affixes.
Types of Bound Morphemes
a. Plural Morpheme [-s]
b. Tense Morphemes
Phonologically conditioning
[-s] – present tense – acts
[-ed] – past tense – acted
[-ing] – progressive tense – acting
[-en] – past participle – eaten/acted

5. TYPES OF MORPHEMES
c. Genitive/Possessive Morpheme
[‘s] – Mary’s sister
d. Adjective Morpheme
[er] – comparative
[est] - superlative

6. DERIVATION BOUND MORPHEME
• These are affixes attached to the morphemes in the
form of prefixes or suffixes.
Ex: Free Morpheme Bound
write rewrite, written, writing
nation national, international
press express, pressure, expression
Prefixes (list)
Suffixes (list)

7. MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
WORD ENTRY FREE MORPHEME INFLECTIONAL
BOUND
PREFIX SUFFIX
consumers consume -s - -er
mismanaged manage -ed mis- -
trustful trust - - -ful
people people - - -

8. WORDS ARE OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES
1. Lexical items – dictionary entries
Ex. hit (n) – a blow, a strike
hit (v) – strike with a blow
2. Syntactic words – different syntactic rules played by
words in a sentence.
Ex. The play was a big hit
Good tennis

9. WORS ARE OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES
3. Phonological words – words with sequence of
phonemes.
Ex. hit – [hIt] language – [lӕŋuIdʒ]
beat – [bIt] make – [mek]

10. 3 MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES
• Basically, there are 3 morphological types of English
language:
1. Isolating language – words with one morpheme.
–Ex. will, go, let
2. Agglutinating language – those which can be divided into
morphemes without difficulty.
–Ex. Filipino language
3. Fusional language – are which fuses morphemes together
in such a way that the morphemes are not easily
recognizable as one.

11. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
• Originally, English words were formed with
tremendous borrowing (OE, ME) and coming from
other countries.
• As your advance English linguists and several
proponents/authors proposed other forms of how
words are formed.

12. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
1. Derivation – (old)
2. Clipping – a common form or process whereby the
beginning or the end of the word is cut off or may mean
cutting from both ends leaving a part to stand for the
whole
Example: telephone  phone
psychology  psyche
chemistry  chem
laboratory  lab
influenza  flu

13. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
3. Blending – fusing/putting 2 words together. The
usual process is first part of one word is blended or
fused with the last part of another.
Ex. Filipino, American – Fil-Am
European, Asian – Eurasian
medical, care – medicare
Philippine health - Philhealth

14. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
4. Compounding – 2 or 3 words put together to make
free form. Most often the meaning of the word is
different from each part. These 2 words may be
hyphenated.
Ex. Runner-up, pick-up, hold-up
brownout (written in one word)
blackout, color-blind

15. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
5. Acronymy – words are formed together from the
initial letter or syllables of several words in
succession.
Ex. PNU – Philippine Normal University
HNU – Holy Name University
SSS – Social Security System

16. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
6. Root Creation – creating new word with no pre-
existing morphemes.
Ex. blog, twitter, poke
7. Substitution – a result of substituting a standard
word with an idiom.
Ex. Guys – for boys, girls
money – buck, bread
children - kids

17. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
8. Category Extension – extending morpheme from
one systematic category to another.
9. Proper Names – formation of a word from proper
names.
Ex. Philippines – Filipino
Holy Name - Holynamians

18. OTHER FORMS OF WORD FORMATION
10. Abbreviation – includes formation of a word by
substituting a standard word from the first letters of a
word’s prominent syllables (inf idiom)
TV – television
JR – junior
TY – thank you
OMG – Oh my God
internet – international network

19. EXERCISES