English Language Policy in India
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the information about the policy of English language use, even with the historical background, in India
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English before and after independance
english is important language for communication in india. it helps in not only for communication but also helps in getting job in all countries. now a days this language is prestigeous to every one to communicate
ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE COLONIZATION OF INDIA
1) English was introduced to India during British colonization and became established as the language of administration and education.
2) The British implemented policies promoting English while also utilizing local languages to varying degrees for practical purposes.
3) This shifted the power and roles of existing languages in India and ultimately led to a decline in some local languages while establishing English as a prominent and influential language.
ENGLISH IN INDIA
Shranti Sitaram Hake's document discusses the history of English in India. It explains that the British came to India as traders but eventually ruled the subcontinent for over 150 years. English was introduced to serve the British administration but became the language of education. While India aimed to replace English after independence, it has remained an important language due to its role in government, media, and higher education. The document outlines the key events and policies around English education in India from its introduction in the 19th century through independence and subsequent decades.
Historical development of English in India
The document summarizes the historical development of English in India. It divides this development into two periods: pre-independence and post-independence. During pre-independence, major events included the Charter Act of 1813, the East-West Controversy, Macaulay's Minute which proposed English education, and his Downward Filtration Theory. Post-independence, English was given the status of Associate Official Language through an act in 1965, and the Three Language Formula was established designating Hindi, English, and regional languages.
Role of English in India
This document discusses the importance and role of English language in India. It notes that English is important for India's international affairs, technological and scientific advancement, higher education, and seeking jobs. English is used in many fields in India, including technology, education, employment, communication, international relations, trade, tourism, and media. It is the primary language of education and enables critical thinking, development, reading, writing, and sharing of information. Overall, the document emphasizes that English language plays a major role in India due to its multinational population and importance across various sectors.
English as a second language in India
This document discusses English as a second language in India. It provides historical context, noting that English became the central language after independence from Britain. This led to questions around the status and role of English. Several committees proposed language policies and plans over time, including the three-language formula of Hindi, Sanskrit, and English. The document also discusses challenges of teaching English as a second language in India, such as students beginning English education too late, limitations of only teaching individual sentences, and cultural barriers in vocabulary.
Role of English in India
The document discusses the importance and role of English in India. It notes that English is not India's native language but it has become necessary for education, technology, communication, and interacting in a multicultural society. While Hindi was considered as a national language, English continues to be the official language and holds power and prestige. There are debates around English as the medium of education and whether its prominence has benefits and drawbacks for India.
Role of english in india
This document is a paper prepared by Avani Dave, an MA student at M.K.S Bhavnagar University, on the role of English in India. The paper discusses English as an international language, a language of development, information, education, vocations, and recreation. It also examines English as a library language, national link language, role in curriculum, and role in science and technology. The paper was submitted to the Department of English at M.K.S Bhavnagar University.
Recommended
English before and after independance
english is important language for communication in india. it helps in not only for communication but also helps in getting job in all countries. now a days this language is prestigeous to every one to communicate
ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE COLONIZATION OF INDIA
1) English was introduced to India during British colonization and became established as the language of administration and education.
2) The British implemented policies promoting English while also utilizing local languages to varying degrees for practical purposes.
3) This shifted the power and roles of existing languages in India and ultimately led to a decline in some local languages while establishing English as a prominent and influential language.
ENGLISH IN INDIA
Shranti Sitaram Hake's document discusses the history of English in India. It explains that the British came to India as traders but eventually ruled the subcontinent for over 150 years. English was introduced to serve the British administration but became the language of education. While India aimed to replace English after independence, it has remained an important language due to its role in government, media, and higher education. The document outlines the key events and policies around English education in India from its introduction in the 19th century through independence and subsequent decades.
Historical development of English in India
The document summarizes the historical development of English in India. It divides this development into two periods: pre-independence and post-independence. During pre-independence, major events included the Charter Act of 1813, the East-West Controversy, Macaulay's Minute which proposed English education, and his Downward Filtration Theory. Post-independence, English was given the status of Associate Official Language through an act in 1965, and the Three Language Formula was established designating Hindi, English, and regional languages.
Role of English in India
This document discusses the importance and role of English language in India. It notes that English is important for India's international affairs, technological and scientific advancement, higher education, and seeking jobs. English is used in many fields in India, including technology, education, employment, communication, international relations, trade, tourism, and media. It is the primary language of education and enables critical thinking, development, reading, writing, and sharing of information. Overall, the document emphasizes that English language plays a major role in India due to its multinational population and importance across various sectors.
English as a second language in India
This document discusses English as a second language in India. It provides historical context, noting that English became the central language after independence from Britain. This led to questions around the status and role of English. Several committees proposed language policies and plans over time, including the three-language formula of Hindi, Sanskrit, and English. The document also discusses challenges of teaching English as a second language in India, such as students beginning English education too late, limitations of only teaching individual sentences, and cultural barriers in vocabulary.
Role of English in India
The document discusses the importance and role of English in India. It notes that English is not India's native language but it has become necessary for education, technology, communication, and interacting in a multicultural society. While Hindi was considered as a national language, English continues to be the official language and holds power and prestige. There are debates around English as the medium of education and whether its prominence has benefits and drawbacks for India.
Role of english in india
This document is a paper prepared by Avani Dave, an MA student at M.K.S Bhavnagar University, on the role of English in India. The paper discusses English as an international language, a language of development, information, education, vocations, and recreation. It also examines English as a library language, national link language, role in curriculum, and role in science and technology. The paper was submitted to the Department of English at M.K.S Bhavnagar University.
Role Of English In India
This document discusses the importance and role of the English language in India. It notes that English is a global language that is necessary for communication, education, technology, science and other fields. While English is not India's native language, it is used widely for these purposes. The document also discusses the double-edged nature of English in India, as it provides opportunities but also social divisions, with English speakers often having more power and prestige. It concludes that English has become integrated into Indian culture and society in many ways.
Growth of english in india
The document discusses the growth and role of English in India. Some key points:
- English is widely used in India, with an estimated 35 million speakers as of 1994, though it makes up a small percentage of the total population. It is most prevalent among the educated elite.
- English serves important administrative and educational functions in India, as a link language between various linguistic groups and a language of wider communication. It is used extensively in government, media, and higher education.
- While Hindi is the official language, English continues to play a major role due to opposition to replacing it and making Hindi the sole national language. English is recognized as an associate official language.
- English has had a significant
Indian english
English is widely used in India, with over 232 million people speaking it as a second or third language. It remains an important language for government, higher education, and media, allowing communication between speakers of different native languages. Indian English has developed some distinct phonological, morphological, semantic, and syntactic features due to the influence of Hindi and other Indian languages, resulting in differences from British English.
History of English Education in India
This document provides a 3-phase overview of the history of English education in India. It discusses the origins of English influence in the 17th century with the East India Company and the establishment of schools. It describes the controversies around education in the early 19th century between the Orientalists who favored traditional languages and the Anglicists who advocated for English. It outlines Thomas Babington Macaulay's pivotal 1835 Minute that officially supported the Anglicist position and English as the medium of instruction, prioritizing the diffusion of Western sciences and literature. This document traces the development of English education in India from its early beginnings to the post-independence period.
Characteristics of Eng as International Language
This document discusses English as an international language from three perspectives - Global English, World Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca. Global English refers to the spread of American English through media and culture. World Englishes recognizes localized versions that have adapted to other cultures. Lingua Franca English is used for intercultural communication without relating to a single native culture. The document also examines how non-native English speakers may express identity and culture through the language, drawing on phrases from their own language or an emerging ELF identity. It questions whether English is truly used only for communication or also cultural representation.
Indian cinema
This document provides a brief history of the development of television in India. It notes that Indian cinema can be traced back to 1896 when the first silent films were demonstrated in Bombay. The first Indian-made short film was produced in 1899. It then discusses some important early Indian films from the silent era to the 1930s including Raja Harishchandra in 1913, which was India's first full-length motion picture. It also mentions Kisan Kanya in 1937 as India's first indigenously made color film. The document concludes by listing some popular films from the 1960s through the 1990s that were milestones in Indian cinema.
Mongolian Education, Language, and Numerals
- The Mongolian education system originally focused on Buddhist monasteries, but secular education began after 1911 when China collapsed and Mongolian languages started being used for teaching.
- While illiteracy rates were once high, investment in education increased over time, with 20% of the state budget going towards education by 1968. However, nomadic lifestyles make it difficult to educate children.
- Mongolian is part of the Altaic language family and has two main sub-languages, Western and Eastern. A unified written Mongolian language was developed in the 19th century, though Chinese numerals are now commonly used.
Conflict in Sri Lanka
The document summarizes some of the key reasons for conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamil ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. It discusses how citizenship rights excluded many Indian Tamils in 1948. While India helped some become citizens in 1964, around 100,000 remained stateless. It also describes how the switch to Sinhala as the sole administrative language in 1956 disadvantaged Tamil government workers and students. Subsequent changes to university admissions criteria in the 1970s further reduced the percentage of Tamil students entering engineering and medical programs. The resettlement of Sinhalese peasants into Tamil areas was another policy that increased resentment.
Modern situation of Balinese Language
Balinese is the language spoken by about 3.9 million people in Bali province and the surrounding areas. While it shares similarities with Indonesian grammar, Balinese also has its own distinct vocabulary, honorific forms, and influences from Balinese Hindu culture. However, the use of Balinese has declined with the rise of Indonesian as the national language and an influx of migrants who do not speak it. New opportunities online and in education aim to preserve Balinese language and culture for future generations.
Anglès comunicació global
This document discusses English as a global language and the opportunities and challenges it presents. It notes that over 1.5 billion people speak English worldwide as either a native, second, or foreign language. The spread of English is linked to colonization from the 16th to 19th centuries and more recently to American economic and cultural influence. It argues that the goal in learning English should not be native-like competence but rather effective multilingual communication. Learners need awareness of how their first language and culture affects their English use as well as exposure to English from various backgrounds. The document poses questions about issues like who owns English and whether it threatens minority languages. It reflects on teaching English as a global lingua franca rather than mim
English as an International Language in Japan
English has become an important international language in Japan due to globalization and its economic benefits. While studying English is compulsory in Japanese schools, there are still disadvantages like the teaching style focusing on grammar translation rather than communication. To address this, reforms are needed such as adapting teaching methods to the Japanese context, training teachers for communicative language teaching, and changing exams to assess oral skills. While progress has been made, more changes are still required to improve students' motivation to learn English.
Sri lanka
The document outlines the history of ethnic tensions in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority population. It notes that Britain began colonizing the island in the late 18th century, bringing Tamil laborers from India, and unified the country in 1833 under British rule. After independence in 1948, discrimination against Tamils increased through laws making Sinhala the sole official language and restricting Tamil voting rights. This led to violence in 1956 and rising tensions between the two groups throughout the late 1950s-1970s, as Buddhism was declared the primary religion and Tamil political representation was suppressed.
Dadabhainaoroji By BRCM Vidyagram
Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and educated at Elphinstone Institute School, later becoming the first Indian to hold an academic position as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Elphinstone College. Naoroji played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress along with A.O. Hume and authored the book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" which brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his intellectualism and leadership in the early Indian independence movement
Presentation4
In little over 6 months after the start of fighting, Japan had taken control of most of Southeast Asia from European colonial powers. While Japan established new administrations and recruited some local politicians, they ultimately maintained control and demanded resources and labor. As the tide of war turned, some countries like Thailand saw opportunities to regain lost territories, while independence movements grew in other countries like Indonesia and Vietnam. After Japan's surrender, some countries like Indonesia and Vietnam declared independence, while elsewhere the European colonial powers tried to reassert control, meeting varying levels of local resistance.
Dadabhai naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and received a prominent education before becoming a professor and later founding several important associations focused on India's relationship with Britain. Naoroji is best known for his "Drain Theory" which argued that Britain's colonial rule in India drained the country's wealth. He played a key role in the founding of the Indian National Congress and raising issues of unfair taxation of India to the British Parliament. Naoroji is regarded as one of the most important figures of the early Indian independence movement.
South Asian Englishes
1. South Asian Englishes refers to the varieties of English spoken in South Asia, which developed due to British colonialism and the continued use of English in government, education, and business in the region.
2. English has taken on new roles and meanings in South Asia, with locals claiming ownership over how they speak the language. While English teaching aims for standard British pronunciation and grammar, the languages inevitably interact, producing new vocabulary, pronunciations, and grammatical features.
3. South Asian English varieties are characterized by features like code-switching, question tags with "isn't" and "isn't it", dropping initial consonant clusters, and borrowing or calquing words from local languages.
English ppt
English is a West Germanic language that originated in England and is now a global lingua franca. It is the most commonly spoken language worldwide, with the highest number of native and total speakers. English has spread around the world through British imperialism from the 17th to 20th centuries and the emergence of the United States as a superpower. It has become the dominant language of international discourse and is easier to learn than many other languages. Knowing English provides career opportunities and is required for attending foreign universities, while also allowing access to more of the internet and entertainment.
English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA
Inglés
Intruduction applied language
Tema: English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
Ponente: Mgs. Nina Nesterenko.
nnesterenko@utpl.edu.ec
Mongolian language
- The Mongolian education system originally only consisted of Buddhist monasteries providing higher education, but secular education began after the collapse of China in 1911 with the introduction of Mongolian languages in teaching.
- While illiteracy rates were high in the past, investment in education has increased over time. However, nomadic lifestyles still present challenges for educating children.
- Mongolian language originated from the Altaic language family and is divided into Western and Eastern sublanguages. The written script began developing in the 13th century and modern Mongolian languages solidified in the 19th century.
India Essays
The essay discusses how English has become the dominant global language due to factors like American cultural influence and the internet. It argues that Mandarin Chinese will likely surpass English as the most spoken language in the future, due to China's rising economic power and large population that speaks Mandarin. The essay concludes by suggesting that languages will continue to evolve and spread globally through technology and cultural exchange, and it's difficult to predict which one specific language will dominate in the distant future.
Language policy in India: A Voyage from Ancient India to Modern India
A comprehensive discussion on language policy in India- Language policy during Vedic Age-Language Policy during Budhist period-Language Policy during Islamict period-Language Policy during British period-Language Policy After Independence- Three Language formula-
Ma sem 3 Elt1 Unit 1 Sarasvati and Satan
English plays a conflicting double role in India. The presentation is an excerpt from the research paper by E. Annamalai from Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. This presentation is made for academic learning purposes.
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Role Of English In India
This document discusses the importance and role of the English language in India. It notes that English is a global language that is necessary for communication, education, technology, science and other fields. While English is not India's native language, it is used widely for these purposes. The document also discusses the double-edged nature of English in India, as it provides opportunities but also social divisions, with English speakers often having more power and prestige. It concludes that English has become integrated into Indian culture and society in many ways.
Growth of english in india
The document discusses the growth and role of English in India. Some key points:
- English is widely used in India, with an estimated 35 million speakers as of 1994, though it makes up a small percentage of the total population. It is most prevalent among the educated elite.
- English serves important administrative and educational functions in India, as a link language between various linguistic groups and a language of wider communication. It is used extensively in government, media, and higher education.
- While Hindi is the official language, English continues to play a major role due to opposition to replacing it and making Hindi the sole national language. English is recognized as an associate official language.
- English has had a significant
Indian english
English is widely used in India, with over 232 million people speaking it as a second or third language. It remains an important language for government, higher education, and media, allowing communication between speakers of different native languages. Indian English has developed some distinct phonological, morphological, semantic, and syntactic features due to the influence of Hindi and other Indian languages, resulting in differences from British English.
History of English Education in India
This document provides a 3-phase overview of the history of English education in India. It discusses the origins of English influence in the 17th century with the East India Company and the establishment of schools. It describes the controversies around education in the early 19th century between the Orientalists who favored traditional languages and the Anglicists who advocated for English. It outlines Thomas Babington Macaulay's pivotal 1835 Minute that officially supported the Anglicist position and English as the medium of instruction, prioritizing the diffusion of Western sciences and literature. This document traces the development of English education in India from its early beginnings to the post-independence period.
Characteristics of Eng as International Language
This document discusses English as an international language from three perspectives - Global English, World Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca. Global English refers to the spread of American English through media and culture. World Englishes recognizes localized versions that have adapted to other cultures. Lingua Franca English is used for intercultural communication without relating to a single native culture. The document also examines how non-native English speakers may express identity and culture through the language, drawing on phrases from their own language or an emerging ELF identity. It questions whether English is truly used only for communication or also cultural representation.
Indian cinema
This document provides a brief history of the development of television in India. It notes that Indian cinema can be traced back to 1896 when the first silent films were demonstrated in Bombay. The first Indian-made short film was produced in 1899. It then discusses some important early Indian films from the silent era to the 1930s including Raja Harishchandra in 1913, which was India's first full-length motion picture. It also mentions Kisan Kanya in 1937 as India's first indigenously made color film. The document concludes by listing some popular films from the 1960s through the 1990s that were milestones in Indian cinema.
Mongolian Education, Language, and Numerals
- The Mongolian education system originally focused on Buddhist monasteries, but secular education began after 1911 when China collapsed and Mongolian languages started being used for teaching.
- While illiteracy rates were once high, investment in education increased over time, with 20% of the state budget going towards education by 1968. However, nomadic lifestyles make it difficult to educate children.
- Mongolian is part of the Altaic language family and has two main sub-languages, Western and Eastern. A unified written Mongolian language was developed in the 19th century, though Chinese numerals are now commonly used.
Conflict in Sri Lanka
The document summarizes some of the key reasons for conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamil ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. It discusses how citizenship rights excluded many Indian Tamils in 1948. While India helped some become citizens in 1964, around 100,000 remained stateless. It also describes how the switch to Sinhala as the sole administrative language in 1956 disadvantaged Tamil government workers and students. Subsequent changes to university admissions criteria in the 1970s further reduced the percentage of Tamil students entering engineering and medical programs. The resettlement of Sinhalese peasants into Tamil areas was another policy that increased resentment.
Modern situation of Balinese Language
Balinese is the language spoken by about 3.9 million people in Bali province and the surrounding areas. While it shares similarities with Indonesian grammar, Balinese also has its own distinct vocabulary, honorific forms, and influences from Balinese Hindu culture. However, the use of Balinese has declined with the rise of Indonesian as the national language and an influx of migrants who do not speak it. New opportunities online and in education aim to preserve Balinese language and culture for future generations.
Anglès comunicació global
This document discusses English as a global language and the opportunities and challenges it presents. It notes that over 1.5 billion people speak English worldwide as either a native, second, or foreign language. The spread of English is linked to colonization from the 16th to 19th centuries and more recently to American economic and cultural influence. It argues that the goal in learning English should not be native-like competence but rather effective multilingual communication. Learners need awareness of how their first language and culture affects their English use as well as exposure to English from various backgrounds. The document poses questions about issues like who owns English and whether it threatens minority languages. It reflects on teaching English as a global lingua franca rather than mim
English as an International Language in Japan
English has become an important international language in Japan due to globalization and its economic benefits. While studying English is compulsory in Japanese schools, there are still disadvantages like the teaching style focusing on grammar translation rather than communication. To address this, reforms are needed such as adapting teaching methods to the Japanese context, training teachers for communicative language teaching, and changing exams to assess oral skills. While progress has been made, more changes are still required to improve students' motivation to learn English.
Sri lanka
The document outlines the history of ethnic tensions in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority population. It notes that Britain began colonizing the island in the late 18th century, bringing Tamil laborers from India, and unified the country in 1833 under British rule. After independence in 1948, discrimination against Tamils increased through laws making Sinhala the sole official language and restricting Tamil voting rights. This led to violence in 1956 and rising tensions between the two groups throughout the late 1950s-1970s, as Buddhism was declared the primary religion and Tamil political representation was suppressed.
Dadabhainaoroji By BRCM Vidyagram
Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and educated at Elphinstone Institute School, later becoming the first Indian to hold an academic position as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Elphinstone College. Naoroji played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress along with A.O. Hume and authored the book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" which brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his intellectualism and leadership in the early Indian independence movement
Presentation4
In little over 6 months after the start of fighting, Japan had taken control of most of Southeast Asia from European colonial powers. While Japan established new administrations and recruited some local politicians, they ultimately maintained control and demanded resources and labor. As the tide of war turned, some countries like Thailand saw opportunities to regain lost territories, while independence movements grew in other countries like Indonesia and Vietnam. After Japan's surrender, some countries like Indonesia and Vietnam declared independence, while elsewhere the European colonial powers tried to reassert control, meeting varying levels of local resistance.
Dadabhai naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and received a prominent education before becoming a professor and later founding several important associations focused on India's relationship with Britain. Naoroji is best known for his "Drain Theory" which argued that Britain's colonial rule in India drained the country's wealth. He played a key role in the founding of the Indian National Congress and raising issues of unfair taxation of India to the British Parliament. Naoroji is regarded as one of the most important figures of the early Indian independence movement.
South Asian Englishes
1. South Asian Englishes refers to the varieties of English spoken in South Asia, which developed due to British colonialism and the continued use of English in government, education, and business in the region.
2. English has taken on new roles and meanings in South Asia, with locals claiming ownership over how they speak the language. While English teaching aims for standard British pronunciation and grammar, the languages inevitably interact, producing new vocabulary, pronunciations, and grammatical features.
3. South Asian English varieties are characterized by features like code-switching, question tags with "isn't" and "isn't it", dropping initial consonant clusters, and borrowing or calquing words from local languages.
English ppt
English is a West Germanic language that originated in England and is now a global lingua franca. It is the most commonly spoken language worldwide, with the highest number of native and total speakers. English has spread around the world through British imperialism from the 17th to 20th centuries and the emergence of the United States as a superpower. It has become the dominant language of international discourse and is easier to learn than many other languages. Knowing English provides career opportunities and is required for attending foreign universities, while also allowing access to more of the internet and entertainment.
English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA
Inglés
Intruduction applied language
Tema: English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
Ponente: Mgs. Nina Nesterenko.
nnesterenko@utpl.edu.ec
Mongolian language
- The Mongolian education system originally only consisted of Buddhist monasteries providing higher education, but secular education began after the collapse of China in 1911 with the introduction of Mongolian languages in teaching.
- While illiteracy rates were high in the past, investment in education has increased over time. However, nomadic lifestyles still present challenges for educating children.
- Mongolian language originated from the Altaic language family and is divided into Western and Eastern sublanguages. The written script began developing in the 13th century and modern Mongolian languages solidified in the 19th century.
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English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
English as a native, second, foreing language and lingua franca
Similar to English Language Policy in India
India Essays
The essay discusses how English has become the dominant global language due to factors like American cultural influence and the internet. It argues that Mandarin Chinese will likely surpass English as the most spoken language in the future, due to China's rising economic power and large population that speaks Mandarin. The essay concludes by suggesting that languages will continue to evolve and spread globally through technology and cultural exchange, and it's difficult to predict which one specific language will dominate in the distant future.
Language policy in India: A Voyage from Ancient India to Modern India
A comprehensive discussion on language policy in India- Language policy during Vedic Age-Language Policy during Budhist period-Language Policy during Islamict period-Language Policy during British period-Language Policy After Independence- Three Language formula-
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English plays a conflicting double role in India. The presentation is an excerpt from the research paper by E. Annamalai from Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. This presentation is made for academic learning purposes.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ENGLISH
The document summarizes the history of English in India from its arrival with the British East India Company in the 17th century through India's independence. It outlines how Lord Macaulay advocated for English education in India through his Minute on Education in 1835. This led to English gradually becoming the language of administration and higher education. After independence, English remained an important language of the elite and was adopted as an associate official language, despite efforts to promote Hindi instead.
Importance of English Language and its educational objectives in teaching
English has occupied a unique position in India's educational system despite facing hostility after independence. While some political leaders opposed English, others recognized its importance for education, administration, and connecting with the global community. The constitution designated English as the official language for 15 years to allow a transition to Hindi, but faced opposition from states. English remains important internationally for science, technology, business, and as a library language. It plays a role as a lingua franca within India and is necessary for jobs, higher education, and understanding global issues. While its role was questioned after independence, English continues to be important for administration, courts, trade, and as a window to the modern world.
Hindi Diwas.pptx
Knowing the value of this language is crucial for those studying for government examinations, such as the SSC and bank exams. Daily updates on current affairs news from the Plutus Academy webpage are necessary for proper planning.It's important to remember that Plutus Academy is a leading institution famous for offering the best bank coaching in Noida and Delhi
ENGLISH IN INDIA 2
This document discusses the history of the English language in India. It notes that in 1960, Hindi was declared the official language for government services, which led to protests from non-Hindi speakers. English continued as an associate official language. The Three Language Formula was proposed in 1968, recommending instruction in the mother tongue or regional language, Hindi or another Indian language, and English. It also discusses the development of English language teaching in India and controversies around language policy.
Chapter 1
English has been adopted in India as a language of communication, education, and literary expression. Indian writing in English began before British colonial rule and has survived the end of the British Empire. The growth of Indian writing in English was largely due to English education provided by Christian missionaries in the 19th and 20th centuries, and Indians' adaptability to Western education. Today, Indian writers are confident and competent in expressing themselves in English, having created a distinct style, terminology, and lingo that is both Indian and cosmopolitan in nature. The terms used to describe Indian writing in English have varied but it is now most widely accepted to refer to it as Indian writing in English or Indian English literature.
Hindi diwas
Hindi Diwas is celebrated every year on September 14 in India to commemorate the adoption of Hindi written in the Devanagari script as an official language. It aims to promote the use of Hindi and preserve its cultural heritage amid increasing use of English. Various literary and cultural events are held across the country on this day, including poetry recitals, essay competitions and awards given for enriching the Hindi language. Hindi was adopted as one of India's official languages on this date in 1949 to strengthen national unity and identity.
Language policy pre and post independent India
1) India has immense linguistic diversity with over 1600 languages spoken, though many are spoken by small groups. The 1971 Census found 281 languages spoken by over 5,000 people each.
2) Historically, languages like Sanskrit, Pali, Persian, and English influenced India under different rulers. Post-independence, several commissions recommended policies like using the mother tongue as the medium of instruction and establishing the three-language formula.
3) The Indian Constitution designates Hindi as the official language but allows English to be used for official purposes. It also requires states to promote the mother tongue and Hindi. The three-language formula incorporates the mother tongue, Hindi, and English or another modern Indian language.
Azim akhtar decline of urdu &impact on education in up
The document discusses the decline of Urdu language in education in Uttar Pradesh and its impact. It notes that historically both Urdu and Hindi were used as mediums of instruction in schools in the region. However, after independence the government promoted Hindi as the sole official language, neglecting Urdu. This went against the historical dual role of Urdu and Hindi in education. The document outlines how international organizations like UNESCO have emphasized the importance of using a child's mother tongue in early education. However, the Uttar Pradesh government has failed to implement mother tongue education policies and promote the use of Urdu in schools.
Azim akhtar decline of urdu &impact on education in up
The document discusses the decline of Urdu language and its impact on education in Uttar Pradesh, India. It traces the history of language policy in UP from the colonial period when both Urdu and Hindi were used for education, to the post-independence period when Hindi in Devanagari script was declared the sole official language, ignoring the rights and sentiments of Urdu speakers. As a result, literacy rates in UP remained very low compared to national averages due to the lack of mother tongue education. The United Nations and various committees have emphasized the importance of mother tongue education at the primary level, but the UP government has failed to implement a multilingual policy respecting the rights of linguistic minorities.
India Project
The document provides a historical overview of India from 1849 to present day, covering topics such as British rule over India, the growth of Indian nationalism, education systems in India, Hinduism, and the modern Indian government and culture. It describes how the British established control over India in the 19th century and Indians resisted, leading to the growth of nationalism. It also outlines India's primary, secondary, tertiary education systems and the role of private schools. Key beliefs and practices of Hinduism are summarized. The modern Indian government is modeled after the British system with an elected lower house and appointed upper house.
Need of english
The document discusses the need and importance of learning English. It notes that English has become a global lingua franca due to British imperialism and the rise of globalization and international business. As a result, over 1.5 billion people worldwide are currently learning English. The demand for English teachers has greatly increased as more countries want to improve their citizens' English proficiency for international communication and commerce. India is highlighted as one of the largest English-speaking countries due to its British colonial history, though only a small percentage are truly fluent in English there.
(SIVA & LANGIG R.) Philippine languages and dialects.pptx
This document discusses the languages of the Philippines. It begins by outlining the national and official languages, as well as indigenous languages. It then examines major foreign languages taught in the Philippines, including Chinese, English, Arabic, and Malay/Indonesian. The document provides details on the historical influences and current status of various languages. It also includes sample test questions to assess understanding of the key topics covered.
Language Planning in India
India has many languages but does not have an official national language due to linguistic diversity and controversies. Hindi is the most prominent language but is still not accepted nationwide. The three-language formula was implemented in education to promote multilingualism and reduce inequalities by having students learn their mother tongue, Hindi, and English. However, case studies show this formula has not been fully or consistently applied across states. The status of languages in India remains unclear and language planning continues to be a challenge.
General Introduction of Indian Writing in English
This document provides an overview of Indian writing in English, also known as Indo-Anglian literature. It discusses how the genre began with the introduction of English schools and literature to India in the 18th century. It then outlines some of the major Indian authors who have contributed to Indo-Anglian literature, such as Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, R.K. Narayan, and Mulk Raj Anand. The document also notes that Indo-Anglian literature has received critical acclaim over the past 150 years and is a distinct genre within English literature.
Socio-Cultural dimensions of English as a second language and Advertisements
Here I ponder on growing hybrid identity of English language in advertisement. In old advertisements there was purity of language. In recent time with changing culture the English is also growing as hinglish language, there is no purity of language at all.
Afiya 1
1. The document discusses the power, identity, politics, and policies of language. It examines the position and role of English in India before and after independence.
2. English gained prominence in India under British rule as the language of the rulers and education. Post-independence, English continued to be associated with higher status and education.
3. The power of a language depends on its ability to be understood widely both spoken and written. A language of power tends to be standardized, have both written and spoken forms, be used internationally, and be highly valued.
4. A language helps form identities as people use it to communicate. How non-native speakers use a language shapes
Development of English in the Philippines
The document discusses the development of the English language in the Philippines. It traces the origins and spread of English from its introduction during British and American colonial rule to its current status as an official language. English is now an established part of the linguistic repertoire and culture in the Philippines, having developed unique characteristics through its indigenization process over generations of use and exposure.
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English Language Policy in India
- 1. English Language Policy in India Official language: • Hindi: national official and main link language of India • English: associate official language History: 1835: English replaced Persia as official language of company, 1857: the universities imitated London University and used English as teaching media, and penetration of English was increased in the whole India, 1947: when India was independence, English was the only one functional lingua franca in India, 1947: after independency, Hindi was decided as the first official language. 1830: public teaching started during East India company government, By: Reva Resti Fauziah, Risma Fuji Hadiyanti, Wanti Amelia English used for business, education, administration and law. Communication tool among high educated people in formal situation. Accent: British English (impact of imperialism) Influenced by the culture, become Hindi accent. Then, they try to use American accent recently. English was introduced by the entrepreneur from England who came to trade (17th century). India tried to make Hindi as the only one official language, but the effect from non-Hindi country still too powerful. The rule stated English as the association language. English is often used for conversation by the urban and semi-urban educated young generation, Bollywood movie, and India’s internet flat form. Based on India’s constitution, English is supreme court’s language and all of the high courts in India, except in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan based on the government’s permission. In 2018 Punjab court and Haryana waiting for decision to use Hindi in their courts.