I. The document discusses different types of pronouns including subject pronouns, predicate pronouns, interrogative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, possessive pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.
II. It also covers possessive adjectives, personal pronouns, object pronouns, reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, and kinds of clauses including independent and subordinate clauses.
III. Additionally, the document defines key grammatical terms such as verbs, subjects, predicates, direct objects, common nouns, verb phrases, linking verbs, helping verbs, adverbs, and adverb types.
The document discusses verbs and their role in sentences. It begins by stating that verbs tell what people are doing or being and can change form based on tense. Examples of simple sentences with subjects and verbs are provided. The document then distinguishes between action verbs, which express actions, and linking verbs, which connect subjects to additional information rather than expressing actions. Various verb tenses such as simple present, past, and future are defined. Helping verbs are described as verbs that help express verb tense.
Prepositions at the Beginning of SentencesHalie Hagerty
This document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It defines prepositions as words that indicate location or time, such as "where" and "when". A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund. The document lists 25 common prepositions and provides examples of prepositional phrases. It notes that a comma should be used after a prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence to avoid confusing readers. Examples are provided to demonstrate moving prepositional phrases to the beginning of sentences and inserting commas.
This document provides a quick reference guide to parts of speech, including definitions and examples of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains the key characteristics of each part of speech and provides tests to identify them in sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the eight main parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It explains that nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Adjectives describe nouns. Verbs show actions or states of being. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Prepositions specify location. Conjunctions join words and phrases. Interjections express emotions. The document concludes by citing its reference.
The document provides a basic introduction to parts of speech in the English language. It outlines the nine main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it gives a brief definition and examples. It then identifies the parts of speech for a sample sentence and provides an assignment for students to identify parts of speech in additional sentences.
This document discusses parts of speech in English. It begins by defining what a part of speech is, which is a category assigned to words based on their syntactic functions. The main parts of speech in English are listed as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part of speech is then defined and examples are provided. Types of each part of speech are also defined, such as types of nouns including common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and collective nouns. Classroom activities are suggested for teaching parts of speech as well.
The document provides instructions for a parts of speech bingo game for 6th grade students. It includes directions for creating bingo boards and pieces, playing the game by identifying the part of speech for words in sample sentences, and examples played through with answers. The goal is for students to practice identifying different parts of speech by placing game pieces on the correct spots on their bingo boards.
This document provides an overview of the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. For each part of speech, definitions and examples are given. Additionally, different types or kinds of each part of speech are defined, such as common vs proper nouns, transitive vs intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner vs time, etc.
The document discusses verbs and their role in sentences. It begins by stating that verbs tell what people are doing or being and can change form based on tense. Examples of simple sentences with subjects and verbs are provided. The document then distinguishes between action verbs, which express actions, and linking verbs, which connect subjects to additional information rather than expressing actions. Various verb tenses such as simple present, past, and future are defined. Helping verbs are described as verbs that help express verb tense.
Prepositions at the Beginning of SentencesHalie Hagerty
This document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It defines prepositions as words that indicate location or time, such as "where" and "when". A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund. The document lists 25 common prepositions and provides examples of prepositional phrases. It notes that a comma should be used after a prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence to avoid confusing readers. Examples are provided to demonstrate moving prepositional phrases to the beginning of sentences and inserting commas.
This document provides a quick reference guide to parts of speech, including definitions and examples of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains the key characteristics of each part of speech and provides tests to identify them in sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the eight main parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It explains that nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Adjectives describe nouns. Verbs show actions or states of being. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Prepositions specify location. Conjunctions join words and phrases. Interjections express emotions. The document concludes by citing its reference.
The document provides a basic introduction to parts of speech in the English language. It outlines the nine main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it gives a brief definition and examples. It then identifies the parts of speech for a sample sentence and provides an assignment for students to identify parts of speech in additional sentences.
This document discusses parts of speech in English. It begins by defining what a part of speech is, which is a category assigned to words based on their syntactic functions. The main parts of speech in English are listed as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part of speech is then defined and examples are provided. Types of each part of speech are also defined, such as types of nouns including common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and collective nouns. Classroom activities are suggested for teaching parts of speech as well.
The document provides instructions for a parts of speech bingo game for 6th grade students. It includes directions for creating bingo boards and pieces, playing the game by identifying the part of speech for words in sample sentences, and examples played through with answers. The goal is for students to practice identifying different parts of speech by placing game pieces on the correct spots on their bingo boards.
This document provides an overview of the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. For each part of speech, definitions and examples are given. Additionally, different types or kinds of each part of speech are defined, such as common vs proper nouns, transitive vs intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner vs time, etc.
Parts Of Speech And Sentence Structure Notesguesta3142
This document defines various parts of speech and sentence structures:
Nouns name people, places or things. Verbs indicate actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Prepositions show relationships between nouns. Conjunctions join words or phrases. Interjections express emotions.
Sentences can be simple with one clause, compound with two independent clauses, complex with one independent and one dependent clause, or compound-complex with multiple clauses.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses the eight parts of speech in English: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Students who missed the live webinar on this topic are required to submit a one-paragraph summary of the presentation by the following Monday at midnight. The presentation explains that understanding parts of speech helps with analyzing and constructing sentences. It also notes that some words can function as different parts of speech and have multiple meanings.
The document provides a basic introduction to the nine main parts of speech in English: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The purpose is to give students a working vocabulary of parts of speech to improve their understanding of grammar.
The document discusses different types of verbals - infinitives, participles, and gerunds. It provides examples of each and explains their functions. Infinitives can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Participles are verb forms used as adjectives that end in "-ing" or "-ed/-en". Gerunds are verb forms used as nouns that end in "-ing". The document includes practice identifying examples of each verbal form in sample sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the 8 parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains their basic definitions and functions in sentences. Key examples are provided to illustrate proper usage of each part of speech.
This document provides an overview of prepositions and conjunctions that are important for the ACT exam. It defines prepositions as words that show relationships of time, location, or between objects. It lists common prepositions and explains that prepositional phrases include a preposition and a noun or pronoun. The document also defines three types of conjunctions - coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. It provides examples of how to use each type of conjunction correctly and emphasizes the importance of parallel structure.
This document provides information about parts of speech. It discusses nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs in detail. For nouns, it describes the different types of nouns including proper, common, collective, material and abstract nouns. It also discusses singular and plural nouns, gender of nouns and how to form the feminine of nouns. For pronouns, it explains the different types and forms of pronouns. For adjectives, it discusses the different kinds of adjectives including descriptive, proper, limiting and possessive adjectives. It also explains the degrees of comparison for adjectives. The document contains examples and exercises related to parts of speech.
A participial phrase consists of a participle plus other elements that function as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. There are two types of participles: present participles ending in "-ing" and past participles ending in "-ed", "-en", "-d", "-t", or "-n". Participial phrases should be placed next to the words they modify and include those words. They are punctuated with commas when they begin a sentence or contain non-essential information.
This document provides information about parts of speech and verbs. It defines verbs as words that express actions or states of being. It explains that verbs can change form to indicate tense (past vs present) and number (singular vs plural third person). It also distinguishes between action verbs and state-of-being verbs. Additionally, it describes verb phrases, helping verbs, regular and irregular verbs, principal parts of verbs, progressive and emphatic verb forms. Two activities are included to identify verbs and classify them.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation that teaches about parts of speech through examples and interactive search games. It begins by introducing adjectives, nouns, and verbs. Examples of each part of speech are provided. The presentation then has users click on words in sentences to identify adjectives, nouns, and verbs. It provides feedback and encouragement. Additional resources for practice are suggested at the end, along with information about the author.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on parts of speech, focusing on nouns and pronouns. It defines nouns as words that name people, places, things, or ideas. It discusses different types of nouns such as common and proper nouns, singular and plural nouns, concrete and abstract nouns, and compound nouns. It also covers collective nouns. The document then defines pronouns as words used in place of nouns to avoid repetition. It discusses different types of pronouns such as personal, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Exercises are included for students to identify and classify different nouns and pronouns.
This document provides an overview of parts of speech, which are the categories that words fall into based on their functions in sentences. It discusses the main parts of speech - verbs, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections - and provides examples to illustrate how each part of speech is used in sentences. The document concludes by giving examples of identifying the parts of speech in short phrases.
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, and post-testkanisha26
This document provides an overview of different parts of speech including adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech, provides examples, and exercises for identifying parts of speech in sentences and forming comparative and superlative adverbs. Practice questions are included at the end to test the reader's understanding.
This document provides an overview of the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The document is in slide format and each slide focuses on one part of speech, defining it and providing an example sentence for the reader to identify the part of speech being demonstrated. The document is intended to teach the parts of speech through examples and interactive elements where the reader identifies the part of speech in sample sentences.
The document provides an overview of the 8 parts of speech in English: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Key details include that nouns are persons, places, things or ideas, pronouns take the place of nouns, adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, verbs express actions or states of being, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives, prepositions show relationships between words, conjunctions connect words and phrases, and interjections add feeling or emphasis.
This document provides an overview of the basics of grammar, including the eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Grammar is defined as the set of rules for speaking and writing a language correctly. Understanding grammar allows for positive and impressive conversation through correct use of tenses and speech. The eight parts of speech are then each defined in 1-2 sentences with examples.
The document summarizes the eight parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples and definitions for each part of speech, describing what kind of word it is and how it functions in a sentence.
This document provides a quick review and overview of different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. It also discusses some specific types within each category, such as different types of pronouns and how to identify adjectives versus nouns. The document aims to both review basic concepts as well as introduce some harder advanced grammar topics.
The document discusses the traditional parts of speech in grammar: verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples for each part of speech and explains their functions in sentences. Verbs express actions or states of being. Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Prepositions indicate relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words. Conjunctions connect words or phrases. Interjections convey emotion. The same word can play different parts of speech in different contexts.
The document lists irregular verbs in English with their base form, past simple form, and past participle. It includes over 100 irregular verbs such as "break" which has the forms broke, broken and "sing" which has the forms sang, sung. The list is intended as a resource for students to learn irregular verb forms.
The document discusses the position of adverbs in English sentences. It provides guidelines on where different types of adverbs are usually placed:
1. Adverbs of manner typically go in end position, following the verb and any object.
2. Adverbs of place and time also usually go in end position.
3. Adverbs of frequency can go in mid position before the verb, or in end position. Always, never, and adverbs ending in -ly usually go in mid position.
4. Adverbs modifying verbs, adjectives or other adverbs usually go in mid position between the subject and verb or before what they modify.
There are exceptions, and the position depends on
Parts Of Speech And Sentence Structure Notesguesta3142
This document defines various parts of speech and sentence structures:
Nouns name people, places or things. Verbs indicate actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Prepositions show relationships between nouns. Conjunctions join words or phrases. Interjections express emotions.
Sentences can be simple with one clause, compound with two independent clauses, complex with one independent and one dependent clause, or compound-complex with multiple clauses.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses the eight parts of speech in English: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Students who missed the live webinar on this topic are required to submit a one-paragraph summary of the presentation by the following Monday at midnight. The presentation explains that understanding parts of speech helps with analyzing and constructing sentences. It also notes that some words can function as different parts of speech and have multiple meanings.
The document provides a basic introduction to the nine main parts of speech in English: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The purpose is to give students a working vocabulary of parts of speech to improve their understanding of grammar.
The document discusses different types of verbals - infinitives, participles, and gerunds. It provides examples of each and explains their functions. Infinitives can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Participles are verb forms used as adjectives that end in "-ing" or "-ed/-en". Gerunds are verb forms used as nouns that end in "-ing". The document includes practice identifying examples of each verbal form in sample sentences.
The document defines and provides examples of the 8 parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains their basic definitions and functions in sentences. Key examples are provided to illustrate proper usage of each part of speech.
This document provides an overview of prepositions and conjunctions that are important for the ACT exam. It defines prepositions as words that show relationships of time, location, or between objects. It lists common prepositions and explains that prepositional phrases include a preposition and a noun or pronoun. The document also defines three types of conjunctions - coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. It provides examples of how to use each type of conjunction correctly and emphasizes the importance of parallel structure.
This document provides information about parts of speech. It discusses nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs in detail. For nouns, it describes the different types of nouns including proper, common, collective, material and abstract nouns. It also discusses singular and plural nouns, gender of nouns and how to form the feminine of nouns. For pronouns, it explains the different types and forms of pronouns. For adjectives, it discusses the different kinds of adjectives including descriptive, proper, limiting and possessive adjectives. It also explains the degrees of comparison for adjectives. The document contains examples and exercises related to parts of speech.
A participial phrase consists of a participle plus other elements that function as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. There are two types of participles: present participles ending in "-ing" and past participles ending in "-ed", "-en", "-d", "-t", or "-n". Participial phrases should be placed next to the words they modify and include those words. They are punctuated with commas when they begin a sentence or contain non-essential information.
This document provides information about parts of speech and verbs. It defines verbs as words that express actions or states of being. It explains that verbs can change form to indicate tense (past vs present) and number (singular vs plural third person). It also distinguishes between action verbs and state-of-being verbs. Additionally, it describes verb phrases, helping verbs, regular and irregular verbs, principal parts of verbs, progressive and emphatic verb forms. Two activities are included to identify verbs and classify them.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation that teaches about parts of speech through examples and interactive search games. It begins by introducing adjectives, nouns, and verbs. Examples of each part of speech are provided. The presentation then has users click on words in sentences to identify adjectives, nouns, and verbs. It provides feedback and encouragement. Additional resources for practice are suggested at the end, along with information about the author.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on parts of speech, focusing on nouns and pronouns. It defines nouns as words that name people, places, things, or ideas. It discusses different types of nouns such as common and proper nouns, singular and plural nouns, concrete and abstract nouns, and compound nouns. It also covers collective nouns. The document then defines pronouns as words used in place of nouns to avoid repetition. It discusses different types of pronouns such as personal, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Exercises are included for students to identify and classify different nouns and pronouns.
This document provides an overview of parts of speech, which are the categories that words fall into based on their functions in sentences. It discusses the main parts of speech - verbs, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections - and provides examples to illustrate how each part of speech is used in sentences. The document concludes by giving examples of identifying the parts of speech in short phrases.
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, and post-testkanisha26
This document provides an overview of different parts of speech including adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech, provides examples, and exercises for identifying parts of speech in sentences and forming comparative and superlative adverbs. Practice questions are included at the end to test the reader's understanding.
This document provides an overview of the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. The document is in slide format and each slide focuses on one part of speech, defining it and providing an example sentence for the reader to identify the part of speech being demonstrated. The document is intended to teach the parts of speech through examples and interactive elements where the reader identifies the part of speech in sample sentences.
The document provides an overview of the 8 parts of speech in English: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Key details include that nouns are persons, places, things or ideas, pronouns take the place of nouns, adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, verbs express actions or states of being, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives, prepositions show relationships between words, conjunctions connect words and phrases, and interjections add feeling or emphasis.
This document provides an overview of the basics of grammar, including the eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. Grammar is defined as the set of rules for speaking and writing a language correctly. Understanding grammar allows for positive and impressive conversation through correct use of tenses and speech. The eight parts of speech are then each defined in 1-2 sentences with examples.
The document summarizes the eight parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples and definitions for each part of speech, describing what kind of word it is and how it functions in a sentence.
This document provides a quick review and overview of different parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. It also discusses some specific types within each category, such as different types of pronouns and how to identify adjectives versus nouns. The document aims to both review basic concepts as well as introduce some harder advanced grammar topics.
The document discusses the traditional parts of speech in grammar: verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples for each part of speech and explains their functions in sentences. Verbs express actions or states of being. Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Prepositions indicate relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words. Conjunctions connect words or phrases. Interjections convey emotion. The same word can play different parts of speech in different contexts.
The document lists irregular verbs in English with their base form, past simple form, and past participle. It includes over 100 irregular verbs such as "break" which has the forms broke, broken and "sing" which has the forms sang, sung. The list is intended as a resource for students to learn irregular verb forms.
The document discusses the position of adverbs in English sentences. It provides guidelines on where different types of adverbs are usually placed:
1. Adverbs of manner typically go in end position, following the verb and any object.
2. Adverbs of place and time also usually go in end position.
3. Adverbs of frequency can go in mid position before the verb, or in end position. Always, never, and adverbs ending in -ly usually go in mid position.
4. Adverbs modifying verbs, adjectives or other adverbs usually go in mid position between the subject and verb or before what they modify.
There are exceptions, and the position depends on
This document discusses the three main verb tenses: present, past, and future. The present tense shows current action, the past tense shows action that has already occurred and usually ends in "ed", and the future tense shows action that will happen and is usually formed with helping verbs like "will" or "shall". Examples are provided for each tense.
Adverbs of manner are used to describe how an action is performed. They are typically formed by adding "-ly" to an adjective, such as "slow" becoming "slowly". Some adverbs have irregular forms that must be memorized. Adverbs of manner are placed after the verb in simple sentences and after the object in sentences with an object. They can be compared using "-er" and "-est" or "more" and "most". Worksheets are provided to practice using adverbs of manner.
This document provides guidance on proper verb forms after certain helping verbs. It explains that the verb following "have" should be in the past participle form. It also notes that verbs following "be" can be in the present or past participle form. Finally, it states that the verb after a modal verb like "will", "would", "shall", etc. should be in its base form. Examples are given of incorrect verb forms and the corrections.
There are three types of verbs: action verbs, linking verbs, and helping verbs. Action verbs show physical action and movement, such as run, hide, and walk. Linking verbs connect or link the subject to a noun or adjective in the predicate, such as is, are, and been. Helping verbs help the main verb express tense and voice and need an action verb, such as will, should, and have.
Verbs express actions, states of being, or conditions. There are different types of verbs including action verbs, linking verbs, helping verbs, present/past/future tense verbs, transitive verbs, and intransitive verbs. Verbs tell what the subject does or is. Key types are action verbs which show physical or mental actions, linking verbs which link the subject to a predicate expressing a state of being, and helping verbs which help express meaning along with a main verb.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs including action verbs, linking verbs, and helping/main verbs. It explains that action verbs show action by the subject, linking verbs connect the subject to the predicate, and helping verbs assist the main verb. Several sentences are then provided and the reader is asked to identify the verb and its type in each sentence.
The document discusses different parts of speech including abstract nouns, common nouns, gerunds, plural nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, pronouns, and proper nouns. It provides definitions and examples of each part of speech. For abstract nouns, it explains that they name intangible concepts rather than concrete objects. It also contrasts abstract and concrete nouns. The document aims to explain English grammar terms and how they are used in sentences.
Transitive. intransitive verbs by javier burgosBIZ University
Verbs can express actions or states of being. There are two main types of verbs - action verbs and linking verbs. Action verbs take direct objects, while linking verbs link subjects to nouns or adjectives and do not take direct objects. Verbs have principal parts including the root form, past tense form, present participle form, and past participle form. Helping verbs are used with verb forms to create different tenses. Verbs can also vary by voice, mood, and whether they are transitive or intransitive.
This document defines and provides examples of the eight parts of speech: verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Verbs express actions or states of being. Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Adjectives provide description. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Prepositions show relationships between words. Conjunctions connect words or groups of words. Interjections express emotion.
This document provides an overview of different types of verbs in English. It defines verbs and divides them into three main categories: main verbs, auxiliaries, and modal auxiliaries. It then proceeds to explain eight specific types of verbs in more detail, including regular and irregular verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs, special verbs, state verbs, linking verbs, phrasal verbs, verb tenses, and gerund and infinitive verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate the key characteristics and uses of each verb type.
This document summarizes the eight parts of speech in English grammar:
Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Pronouns are used in place of nouns. Verbs express actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Prepositions show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence. Conjunctions join words or groups of words. Interjections are exclamatory words that express emotion.
This document provides definitions and examples for common parts of speech in English, including nouns, verbs, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prefixes, and suffixes. It defines each part of speech and provides one or more examples to illustrate its meaning and use in a sentence. The document is intended to teach English grammar concepts related to parts of speech.
This document provides definitions and examples of different parts of speech in English language including nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines common, proper, collective, and abstract nouns. It also defines action verbs and linking verbs. It discusses personal, indefinite, interrogative, and demonstrative pronouns. It provides examples of adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The document was made by KUNAL, ANKITA, AMANDEEP & SIMRAN PREET.
1. The document discusses the different word classes in English including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
2. It provides examples and classifications of each word class. For nouns, it describes common, proper, abstract, concrete, and collective nouns. For pronouns, it discusses personal, demonstrative, relative, reflexive, reciprocal, possessive, and interrogative pronouns.
3. It also gives examples of different types of verbs like main verbs, helping verbs, and linking verbs. Similarly, it provides examples of different types of adverbs like adverbs of degree, frequency, manner, and
There are 8 parts of speech in English: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns are words that name people, places, things or ideas. Pronouns are used in place of nouns. Verbs express actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases. Conjunctions connect words and phrases. Interjections express emotion.
This document discusses the eight parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples and definitions for each part of speech, including the different types of nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions. The document also explains that every sentence must have a subject and a predicate, and that conjunctions join words and groups of words, while interjections express emotion.
This document provides definitions and examples of the main grammatical components in English: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prefixes, and suffixes. Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Verbs indicate actions. Pronouns replace nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or clauses. Conjunctions link words and phrases. Interjections convey emotion. Prefixes and suffixes change the meaning of root words when added to the beginning or end.
This document defines and categorizes different parts of speech in English including nouns, pronouns, adjectives and provides examples of each. It discusses how nouns can be classified based on number, gender, etc. and defines different types of pronouns such as personal, reflexive, interrogative and relative pronouns. It then defines adjectives and categorizes them based on their function such as proper, descriptive, quantitative, numeral, demonstrative, indefinite, possessive, interrogative and relative adjectives. The document provides examples for each part of speech and adjective category. It concludes with an exercise asking the reader to identify and classify different adjectives in example sentences.
This document provides definitions for several grammatical components:
1) It defines nouns as words used to name people, animals, places, things, or abstract ideas.
2) It states verbs indicate actions.
3) Pronouns can replace nouns or other pronouns to make sentences less repetitive.
4) Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or clauses and indicate manner, time, place, cause, or degree.
Verbs are the energy of sentences and are often found at their center. There are three main types of verbs: action verbs, linking verbs, and helping verbs. A verb phrase consists of a main verb and one or more helping verbs, which help express the action or state of being. Linking verbs connect the subject to a subject complement that identifies or describes the subject. Verbs can also be transitive or intransitive, with transitive verbs expressing an action directed at an object and intransitive verbs not requiring an object.
I help customers with their queries.
The Simple Present tense is used to express:
- Habitual or repeated actions
- General truths
- Schedules and timetables
For example:
The sun rises in the east.
I go to work every day.
The train leaves at 6 pm.
The Simple Present tense does not express any time frame. It simply states a fact.
The Simple Present tense is formed using the base form of the verb.
For example: help, work, leave
So in the above sentences, the verbs help, go and leave are in their base form as they are in the Simple Present tense.
The Simple Present tense is
The document provides an overview of the different parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. It discusses the different types of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. It also covers topics like singular and plural nouns, compound nouns, common and proper nouns, possessive nouns, and more. Practice questions are included throughout for readers to test their understanding of the parts of speech.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns: personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive and intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and relative pronouns. It also provides practice identifying different pronouns in examples sentences.
This document provides an overview of different types of pronouns according to traditional grammar. It defines pronouns as words that take the place of nouns. It then discusses various pronoun types including indefinite pronouns, personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, distributive pronouns, and relative pronouns. For each type, it provides the definition and examples to illustrate their meaning and usage.
(Understanding the Nouns and Articles).pptxTjFlorendo
This is a PowerPont presentation of a parts of speech that focuses only on nouns and Articles or Determiners. Hopefully, this slide can help you somehow. This PPTX will explain the nouns and everything about it in a detailed manner. This PPT will help you make your students clearly understand the noun. No matter how old or young your students are. Hopefully, this ppt can serve its purpose effectively in terms of a fun and meaningful learning. It provides a definition about nouns, its two types which are; common and proper nouns together with its examples. Along with it are the three types of common nouns. Namely, abstract, collective, and concrete nouns. Aside from all of that, it also shows the nature and diverse roles of nouns in a sentence. Nouns can be a subject in the sentence, can be an object, object compliment, subject compliment, and also it can sometimes me a modifier and an appositive. Aside from nouns, this ppt, also discussed about Articles or commonly known as Determiners.
This document provides a review of the main parts of speech in the English language. It defines and provides examples of each part of speech including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it discusses the key characteristics and functions within sentences. The review is intended to serve as a reference for the essential information about the core parts of speech in the English language.
This document outlines grammar rules for affirmative, negative, interrogative, and imperative sentences with adverbs of frequency. It includes rules for sentence structure with auxiliary verbs like "be" and examples of common adverbs of frequency like "often", "always", and "never".
This document provides an editing guide with symbols and their meanings to denote various edits needed for a document, such as spelling errors, inserting punctuation marks like periods and commas, fixing capitalization issues, rearranging or deleting text, combining sentences, and eliminating paragraphs. The guide contains over a dozen symbols and their corresponding edit instructions to clearly communicate needed changes to improve the document.
This document discusses adverbs of frequency and provides examples of their use. It defines adverbs of frequency as words that indicate how often an action occurs. The most common adverbs of frequency are always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, and never. The document also shows where adverbs of frequency are placed in sentences and provides examples of their use in affirmative, negative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.
This document discusses adverbs of frequency and provides examples of their use. It defines adverbs of frequency as words that indicate how often an action occurs. The most common adverbs of frequency are always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, and never. The document also shows where adverbs of frequency are placed in sentences and provides examples of their use in affirmative, negative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.
The document provides an introduction to phonetics and phonology. It discusses key concepts such as phonemes, allophones, places and manners of articulation for consonants and vowels in English. It explains the classification of different types of consonant sounds such as plosives, fricatives, nasals, and approximants. It also discusses phonological concepts like fortis and lenis sounds, as well as broad and narrow transcription. The main goal is to define foundational terms and describe the production of English speech sounds.
English originated from Germanic tribes invading Britain in the 5th century AD. These tribes brought Old English, which evolved into Middle English after Norman French influences in the 11th century. Middle English later became Early Modern English with the Great Vowel Shift and influx of words from other languages and colonies. Today's Modern English continues to be influenced globally and differs between places like America, Britain, Australia and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. The subject is who or what does the verb.
I. Subject Pronouns:
Singular: Plural:
I We
You You
He, she, it(for things or animals) They
II. The predicate is said to modify the subject. A predicate
pronoun follows a linking verb and identifies the verb’s
subject.
III. A linking verb tells what the subject is. (Ex. Sod houses
stayed cool in hot water.).
IV. Interrogative Pronouns: Is used to introduce a question.
Interrogative Pronouns Use
Who, whom Refers to people
What Refers to things
Which Refers to People or specific
things
Whose Indicates ownerships or
relationships
4. What is a pronoun? Is a word that is
used in place of a noun or another
pronoun.
A subject pronoun: Is used as a subject
in a sentence or as a predicate pronoun
after a linking verb.
Pronouns as subjects: Use a subject
pronoun to substitute a subject.
5. Singular Plural
My, mine Our, ours
Your, yours Your, yours
Her, hers, his, its Their, theirs
•Possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun used
to show ownership or relationship.
•Possessive Nouns= Form of a noun that shows
ownership or relationship.
•Compound Nouns= Is made of two or more
words used together as a single noun.
6. •Personal Pronouns= They indicates persons,
numbers and cases. (Singular form I, You, He/
Plural form We, You and they).
•Object Pronouns= It is used as a direct object,
an indirect object, or an object of a preposition.
(Singular me, you, him, her, it/Plural us you and
them).
7. •Possessive Pronouns= Is a personal pronoun
used to show ownership or a relationship.
•Reflexive Pronouns= Refers to the subject and
directs the action of the verb back to the
subject.
Ex. Houdini called himself a master escape.
•Intensive Pronouns=Emphasizes a noun or
another pronoun in the same sentence. Ex. You
yourselves have seen magic shows on tv.
8. Indefinite Pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place, thing or idea.
Singular Plural Singular or
plural
Another everyone Both All
anybody everything Few Any
Anyone Neither Many Most
Anything nobody Several None
Each No-one Some
Either Nothing
Everybody
9. Possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun used
to show ownership or relationship.
Singular Plural
My, mine Our, ours
Your, yours Your, yours
Her, hers, Their,
his, its theirs
10. I. Kind of Clauses:
a. A clause is a group of words that contains
a subject and a verb.
b. Independent Clauses= Expresses a
complete thought. It can stand alone as a
sentence.
c. Subordinate(dependent)Clauses=
Contains a subject and a verb but does not
express a complete thought.
11. Verb Is a word used to express an
action, a condition or a state of
being.
Simple predicate Is the main word or words in the
complete predicate.
Sentence Is a group of words that expresses
a complete thought.
Basic parts of the sentence Subject and predicate.
Simple subject Is the main word in a sentence. Is
what the sentences is talking
about.
12. Direct object Is a word or a group of words that
names the receiver of the action of
an action verb.
Common Noun A general name for a person,
place, thing or idea.
Verb phrase Is made up of a main verb and one
or more helping verbs.
13. Action verbs tell about something a person,
animal, force of nature or thing can do or be.
add imagine stay
allow itch talk
bake jog turn
bang jump untie
call kick knit use
chase land vanish visit
damage drop lock walk
end march work
escape mix yawn
fasten name yell
fix notice obey zip
gather open zoom
grab pass
hang promise
hug question
reach
rinse scatter
14. Linking verbs do not show action. Instead, they connect nouns and pronouns
to other information in the sentence. Here are some examples:
My sister is smart.
The picture appeared blurry.
Your supper smells delicious.
The most common linking verbs are listed here:
am be have/has might smell
are become been have been sound
are feel is prove stay
being get lie remain taste
appear grow look seem turn
might be sit were
15. Helping verbs do not stand alone or express action.
They are part of verb phrases that "help" the main verb.
Helping verbs define the tense (past, present, future)
or change the meaning of the main verb.
Consider these examples:
Do you need a tissue?
We are helping the third-grade class.
Hank might have been driving the wrong way.
This list has commonly-used helping verbs:
may being is does would will
might been was did have can
must am were should had shall
be are do could has
16. An adverb is a modifying part of speech. It describes verbs, other adverbs, adjectives, and
phrases. They are used to describe how, where, when, how often and why something happens.
Here are a few examples:
Verb- The cat climbed quickly up the tree. (quickly describes how the cat climbed)
Adverb- Mike worked very carefully on his paper. (very shows how carefully he worked) Adjective-
She is nearly ready to go. (nearly tells to what extent she is ready)
Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. Where there are two or more verbs in a
sentence, adverb placement affects the meaning. Some commonly used adverbs of manner
include:
loudly carefully
patiently correctly
quickly eagerly
quietly easily
and well. fast
17. Consider the following example:
She decided to write her paper. (no adverbs)
She quickly decided to write her paper. (her decision was quick)
She decided to write her paper quickly. (her writing was quick)
18. Adverbs of place describe where something happens. Most adverbs of place are also used as prepositions.
Some commonly used examples include the following:
abroad
anywhere
downstairs
here
home
in
nowhere
out
outside
somewhere
there
underground
upstairs.
I wanted to go upstairs.
She has lived in the city since June. (in the city – prepositional phrase)
19. Adverbs of purpose describe why something happens. Here are some common
examples:
so
so that
to
in order to
because
since
accidentally
intentionally
and purposely.
Jenny walks carefully to avoid falling.
Bob accidentally broke the vase.
20. Adverbs of frequency describe how often something happens. The following
adverbs are commonly used in this way:
always
every
never
often
rarely
seldom
sometimes
and usually.
Mackenzie gets a ride from her brother every day.
The fish usually swims near the top of its tank.
21. Adverbs of time describe when something happens. These
examples are commonly used:
after recently
already soon
during then
. finally tomorrow
just when
last while
later and yesterday
next
now
He came home before dark.
It will be too dark to play outside soon.
Jessica finished her supper first.
Andy left school early.
22. A B C D E
abnormally badly calmly daily easily
absentmindedly bashfully carefully daintily elegantly
accidentally beautifully carelessly dearly energetically
acidly bitterly cautiously deceivingly enormously
actually bleakly certainly delightfully enthusiastically
adventurously blindly cheerfully deeply equally
afterwards blissfully clearly defiantly especially
almost boastfully cleverly deliberately even
always boldly closely delightfully evenly
angrily bravely coaxingly diligently eventually
annually briefly colorfully dimly exactly
anxiously brightly commonly doubtfully excitedly
arrogantly briskly continually dreamily extremely
awkwardly broadly coolly
busily correctly
courageously
crossly
cruelly
curiously
23. F G H I J
fairly generally happily immediately jaggedly
faithfully generously hastily innocently jealously
famously gently healthily inquisitively joshingly
far gladly heavily instantly joyfully
fast gleefully helpfully intensely joyously
fatally gracefully helplessly intently jovially
ferociously gratefully highly interestingly jubilantly
fervently greatly honestly inwardly judgementally
fiercely greedily hopelessly irritably justly
fondly hourly
foolishly hungrily
fortunately
frankly
frantically
freely
frenetically
frightfully
fully
furiously
24. K L M N O
keenly lazily madly naturally obediently
kiddingly less majestically nearly obnoxiously
kindheartedly lightly meaningfully neatly oddly
kindly likely mechanically needily offensively
kissingly limply merrily nervously officially
knavishly lively miserably never often
knottily loftily mockingly nicely only
knowingly longingly monthly noisily openly
knowledgeably loosely more not optimistically
kookily lovingly mortally overconfidently
loudly mostly owlishly
loyally mysteriously
26. Gerund= Is a verb form that ends in ing and
acts as a noun.
27. A preposition describes a relationship between
other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like
"in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to
define in mere words. For instance, when you
do try to define a preposition like "in" or
"between" or "on," you invariably use your
hands to show how something is situated in
relationship to something else. Prepositions are
nearly always combined with other words in
structures called prepositional phrases.
28. Prepositional phrases can be made up of a
million different words, but they tend to be
built the same: a preposition followed by a
determiner and an adjective or two, followed
by a pronoun or noun (called the object of the
preposition). This whole phrase, in turn, takes
on a modifying role, acting as an adjective or
an adverb, locating something in time and
space, modifying a noun, or telling when or
where or under what conditions something
happened.
29. Consider :
You can sit before the desk (or in front of
the desk). The professor can sit on the desk
(when he's being informal) or behind the
desk, and then his feet are under the desk
or beneath the desk. He can stand beside
the desk (meaning next to the desk), before
the desk, between the desk and you, or
even on the desk (if he's really strange). If
he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or
try to walk through the desk (and stuff
would fall off the desk).
30. Passing his hands over the desk or resting his
elbows upon the desk, he often looks across
the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning
the desk as if there were nothing else like the
desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the
desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk,
what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk,
and if he could live without the desk. You can
walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the
desk, by the desk, and even past the desk
while he sits at the desk or leans against the
desk.
31. Prepositions= Shows the relationship between
a noun or pronoun and another word in a
sentence. English speakers use prepositions in
both formal and everyday communication.
Without them, the English language would
sound short and choppy.
32. Prepositions connect nouns, pronouns, and phrases with other words in
a sentence. It gives information about location, direction, space, or time.
Prepositions are usually part of a phrase because they often have a
noun or pronoun after them. Here are two examples of prepositions in
sentences.
The dog jumped over the fence.
I will go to the doctor.
The main job of prepositions is to create relationships between words.
How is the dog related to the fence? It jumped over the fence. How am I
related to the doctor? I am going to the doctor
Prepositional phrases can also act like adverbs or adjectives. Remember
that adverbs describe verbs (actions and being), and adjectives describe
nouns and pronouns (ideas, people, places, and things).
33. As an adverb - The children crossed the street with
caution.
The prepositional phrase "with caution" describes
the way the children crossed the street.
As an adjective - He lives in the house with the
red roof.
The prepositional phrase "with the red roof"
describes the house in a specific way.
34. List of the Most Common Prepositions
A through D E through M N through R S through W
aboard
about except near save
above excepting next since
absent excluding
across of than
after following off through
against for on till
along from on top of times
alongside onto to
amid in opposite toward
amidst in front of out of towards
among inside outside
anti instead of over under
around into underneath
as past unlike
at like per until
atop plus up
before mid upon
behind minus regarding
below round versus
beneath via
beside
besides with
between within
beyond witho
but
by
concerning
considering
despite
down
during
35. The Gerund
Recognize a gerund when you see one.
Every gerund, without exception, ends in ing. Gerunds are not, however, all that easy to identify.
The problem is that all present participles also end in ing. What is the difference?
Gerunds function as nouns. Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect
objects,
and objects of prepositions.
Present participles, on the other hand, complete progressive verbs or act as modifiers.
Read these examples of gerunds:
Since Francisco was five years old, swimming has been his passion.
Swimming = subject of the verb has been.
Francisco's first love is swimming.
Swimming = subject complement of the verb is.
Francisco enjoys swimming more than spending time with his girlfriend Diana.
Swimming = direct object of the verb enjoys.
Francisco gives swimming all of his energy and time.
Swimming = indirect object of the verb gives.
When Francisco wore dive fins to class, everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming.
Swimming = object of the preposition to.
These ing words are examples of present participles:
One day last summer, Francisco and his coach were swimming at Daytona Beach.
Swimming = present participle completing the past progressive verb were swimming.
A great white shark ate Francisco's swimming coach.
Swimming = present participle modifying coach.
Now Francisco practices his sport in safe swimming pools.
Swimming = present participle modifying pools.
36. Copy out the following passage. Underline
the subject(nouns/pronouns) and circle the
predicate.
• The heavy seas were breaking over the stone
jetty. It battered the ship through the narrow
entrance to the inner harbour. Her captain
was exhausted. The brave man had been
standing on the open bridge for many hours,
steering the stricken ship to a safe mooring.
37. Conjunctions= Connects words or groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunctions
and but or yet for nor so
A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects
Definition (conjoins) parts of a sentence.
Coordinating Conjunctions The simple, little
conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions (you
can click on the words to see specific descriptions of each
one):
(It may help you remember these conjunctions by
recalling that they all have fewer than four letters. Also,
remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-Nor-But-Or-
Yet-So. Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a
coordinating
conjunction, so what we say about coordinating
conjunctions' roles in a sentence and punctuation does not
apply to those two words.)
38. • When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent
clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma:
• Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting
the academic requirements.
• When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating
conjunction are nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the
comma:
• Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.
• The comma is always correct when used to separate two
independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction. See
Punctuation Between Two Independent Clauses for further help.
• A comma is also correct when and is used to attach the last item of
a serial list, although many writers (especially in newspapers) will
omit that final comma:
• Ulysses spent his summer studying basic math, writing, and reading
comprehension.
39. When a coordinating conjunction is used to connect all the
elements in a series, a comma is not used:
• Presbyterians and Methodists and Baptists are the
prevalent Protestant congregations in Oklahoma.
A comma is also used with but when expressing a contrast:
• This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.
In most of their other roles as joiners (other than joining
independent clauses, that is), coordinating conjunctions can
join two sentence elements without the help of a comma.
• Hemingway and Fitzgerald are among the American
expatriates of the between-the-wars era.
• Hemingway was renowned for his clear style and his
insights into American notions of male identity.
40. Conjunction AND
• a. To suggest that one idea is chronologically
sequential to another: "Tashonda sent in her
applications and waited by the phone for a
response."
• b. To suggest that one idea is the result of another:
"Willie heard the weather report and promptly
boarded up his house."
• c. To suggest that one idea is in contrast to another
(frequently replaced by but in this usage): "Juanita is
brilliant and Shalimar has a pleasant personality.
41. Conjunction AND
• d. To suggest an element of surprise (sometimes
replaced by yet in this usage): "Hartford is a rich
city and suffers from many symptoms of urban
blight."
• e. To suggest that one clause is dependent upon
another, conditionally (usually the first clause is
an imperative): "Use your credit cards frequently
and you'll soon find yourself deep in debt."
• f. To suggest a kind of "comment" on the first
clause: "Charlie became addicted to gambling —
and that surprised no one who knew him."
42. BUT
• To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in
light of the first clause: "Joey lost a fortune in
the stock market, but he still seems able to
live quite comfortably."
• To suggest in an affirmative sense what the
first part of the sentence implied in a negative
way (sometimes replaced by on the contrary):
"The club never invested foolishly, but used
the services of a sage investment counselor."
43. BUT
• To connect two ideas with the meaning of
"with the exception of" (and then the second
word takes over as subject): "Everybody but
Golden breath is trying out for the team."
44. OR
• To suggest that only one possibility can be
realized, excluding one or the other: "You can
study hard for this exam or you can fail."
• To suggest the inclusive combination of
alternatives: "We can broil chicken on the grill
tonight, or we can just eat leftovers.
45. OR
• To suggest a refinement of the first clause:
"Smith College is the premier all-women's
college in the country, or so it seems to most
Smith College alumnae."
• To suggest a restatement or "correction" of
the first part of the sentence: "There are no
rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide
tells us."
46. OR
• To suggest a negative condition: "The New
Hampshire state motto is the rather grim "Live
free or die."
• To suggest a negative alternative without the
use of an imperative (see use of and above):
"They must approve his political style or they
wouldn't keep electing him mayor."
47. Correlative Conjunctions
Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called
correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various
sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.
• She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her
enthusiasm.
• Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
• Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you do
your best.
Correlative conjunctions sometimes create problems in parallel form. Click
HERE for help with those problems. Here is a brief list of common
correlative conjunctions.
• both . . . and
• not only . . . but also
• not . . . but
• either . . . or neither . . . nor
• whether . . . or
• as . . . as
49. Using the Active Voice to Strengthen
Your Writing
Writing in the active voice means constructing sentences
where the subject “acts”:
•I threw the ball.
•You are making too much noise.
•Ben will eat popcorn and watch a movie tomorrow evening.
In each of these sentences, the subject (I, You and Ben
respectively) performs the action of the verb (threw, making,
will watch). The sentences are punchy, direct and make it clear
who’s doing what.
SUBJECT+VERB+PREDICATE.
50. PASSIVE VOICE
• The passive voice is used whenever the subject of
the sentence is not actually performing the action of
the verb. It can be used with inanimate objects (The
car was started.) or it can be used to change the
main focus of the sentence (The paper was written
by Bob., rather than Bob wrote the paper.). There is
a passive form of every verb 'tense' in English. For a
complete list of all the verb 'tenses' in both active
and passive, you can refer to that list at this web site.
51. PAST PARTICIPLE
• Part #3 - Past Participle
• The past participle is used in the formation of the perfect tenses, past and
present, and in combination with progressive verbs, to form the majority
of verb 'tenses' in English. It is also used to form the passive form of all the
verb 'tenses'. The past perfect is used for activities that began and ended
in the past in combination with the simple past (She had been to Europe
several times before she went to Italy.), as well as for past time
hypothetical situations (If I had won the lottery, I would have moved to
Jamaica.). The present perfect is used for present time references (I have
finished my homework.), for activities which began in the past, but
continue into the present (I have lived here for 6 years.), and for the
recent past with an unspecified time reference (I have found a new
apartment.).
52. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
• The past perfect progressive is also used for
activities in the past, frequently with the
simple past (I had been planning to leave
when the boss called.). The present perfect
progressive is used for activities which began
in the past, and continue into the present (I
have been speaking French for 10 years.).
53.
54. Rules
• The principal parts of the English verb are the
base form, the simple past, and the past
participle. For regular verbs, the simple past
and the past participle are spelled the same
and are created by adding -ed to the base
form. However, there are many irregular verbs
in English which do not conform to this
pattern.
55. Rules
• The additional forms of the verb in English are
the -s form (3rd person singular present), and
the present participle, which is created by
adding -ing to the base form. There are no
irregular forms of the present participle, so
the spelling of any verb will adhere to the
rules of spelling for regular inflection.
56. Rules
• Verbs in English can be classified according to
three different criteria: tense (present, past),
aspect (perfect, progressive), and modality.
There are only 2 true tenses in English, simple
present and simple past, where the actual
spelling of the word changes to reflect the
change of tense.
60. Rules for Using the Principal Parts of
the Verb
• Part #2 - Simple Past
• The simple past is used for just that, activities
which began and ended in the past. This form
is frequently used in historical writing (e.g.,
history textbooks). For regular verbs, the
simple past is formed by adding -ed to the
base form. Irregular verbs are included on
another list at this web site.
66. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
Hit hit hit
Hold held held
Hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
knit knit knit
know knew know
lay laid laid
lead led led
leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave left left
67. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
lie lay lain
light lighted/lit lighted
lose lost lost
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
misspell misspelled/misspelt misspelled/misspelt
mistake mistook mistaken
mow mowed mowed/mown
68. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
overtake overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
pay paid paid
plead pled pled
prove proved proved/proven
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
rid rid rid
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
69. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewed/sewn
shake shook shaken
shave shaved shaved/shaven
shear shore shorn
70. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
shear shore shorn
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoe shoed shoed/shod
shoot shot shot
show showed showed/shown
shrink shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
73. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
thrive thrived/throve thrived
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden
understand understood understood
uphold upheld upheld
upset upset upset
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
weave weaved/wove weaved/woven
wed wed wed
74. Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle
weep wept wept
wind wound wound
win won won
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written