The document discusses Philippine literature in English, exploring its definition, significance, and historical context. It outlines the functions of literature, including its roles in entertainment, education, and cultural preservation, and details various literary forms such as prose, poetry, and drama. Additionally, the document emphasizes the importance of studying Philippine literature to appreciate and understand the nation's rich cultural heritage.

1. Survey of Philippine
Literature in English

2. What is a Literature
• The word Literature is derived from the Latin term “litera” which means
letter.
• Some loosely interpret literature as any printed matter written within a
book, a magazine or a pamphlet.
• faithful reproduction of man’s manifold experiences blended into one
harmonious expression.
• the story of man. Man’s loves, grieves, thoughts, dreams and aspirations
coached in beautiful language

3. Some Literary Compositions that Have
Influenced the World
1. The Bible or the Sacred Writings
2. Koran
3. The Iliad and the Odyssey
4. The Mahab-harata/ Mahabharata
5. Canterbury Tales
6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

4. 7. The Divine Comedy
8. The Song of Roland
9. The Book of the Dead
10. One Thousand and One Nights or The
Arabian Nights

5. Philippine Literature
•Philippine literature is literature associated
with the Philippines from prehistory, through its
colonial legacies, and on to the present.
•Passed on from generation to generation,
originally through an oral tradition.

6. • The Philippine Literature is the literature associated with
the Philippines and includes the legends of pre- history,
and the colonial legacy of the Philippines.
• Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was
written during the Spanish Period and the first half of the
20th century in Spanish Language. Philippine literature is
written in Spanish, Tagalog and other native languages.

7. Philippine literature in different perspective
• Jose Arrogante , literature is a book of life in which a person
reveals things related to his inexplicable color of life and life in
person through creative methods.
• Salazar described literature as a force that motivated society. He
powerful tool that could free one of the rushing ideas to escape.
unique human experience unique to mankind.

8. • Atienza, Ramos, Salazar and Nazal- says that
“true literature is a piece of written work which is
undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of
people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be
happy in his environment and, after struggles, to
reach his Creator.”

9. •For Webster, literature is anything that
is printed, as long as it is related to the
ideas and feelings of people, whether it
is true, or just a product of one’s
imagination.

10. Literature and History
• Literature and history are closely interrelated. In discovering the history of a
race, the feelings, aspirations, customs and traditions of a people are sure to be
included. And these feelings, aspirations, customs and traditions that are
written is literature. History can also be written and this too, is literature.
Events that can be written down are part of true literature. Literature,
therefore, is part of history.
Literature and history, however, also have differences. Literature may be
figments of the imagination or events devoid of truth that have been written
down, while history is made up of events that really happened.

11. TASK
OUTPUT NUMBER 1:
Course Overview- Insights and Learnings

12. Name Date
Section Subject
OUTPUT NUMBER 1:
Course Overview- Insights and Learnings

13. Why We
Need to
Study
Philippine
Literature
1. so that we can better appreciate
our literary heritage.
We cannot appreciate
something that we do not
understand. Through a study of our
literature, we can trace the rich
heritage of ideas handed down to
us from our forefathers. Then we
can understand ourselves better
and take pride in being a Filipino.

14. 2. we need to
understand that we
have a great and
noble tradition which
can serve as the
means to assimilate
other cultures.
3. we have to
manifest our deep
concern for our own
literature and this we
can do by studying
the literature of our
country.

15. FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE

16. ENTERTAINMENT
FUNCTION- known
as “pleasure reading”.
In this function,
literature is used to
entertain its readers.
It is consumed for the
sake of one’s
enjoyment.
SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL
FUNCTION–
Literature shows how
society works around
them.
It helps the reader
“see” the social and
political constructs
around him and
shows the state of the
people and the world
around him.

17. IDEOLOGICAL FUNCTION – shapes our way of thinking based on
the ideas of other people. Literature also displays a person’s ideology
placed in the text consciously and unconsciously.
MORAL FUNCTION – Literature may impart moral values to its
readers. The morals contained in a literary text, whether good or bad,
are absorbed by whoever reads it, thus helps in shaping their
personality.
LINGUISTIC FUNCTION – Literature preserves the language of every
civilization from where it originated. They are also evidences that a
certain civilization has existed by recording the language and
preserving it through wide spans of time.

18. CULTURAL
FUNCTION –
Literature orients us to
the traditions, folklore
and the arts of our
ethnic group's
heritage. It preserves
entire cultures and
creates an imprint of
the people’s way of
living for others to
read, hear, and learn.
EDUCATIONAL
FUNCTION –
Literature teaches us
of many things about
the human experience.
It is used to portray the
facets of life that we
see, and those that we
would never dream of
seeing. Literature
therefore, is a conduct
for the chance to
experience and feel
things where we can
learn things about life.
HISTORICAL
FUNCTION – Ancient
texts, illuminated
scripts, stone tablets
etc, keeps a record of
events that happened
in the place where
they originated.

19. General
Types of
Literature

20. LITERATURE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3:
PROSE
• consists of those
written within the
common flow of
conversation in
sentences and
paragraphs
POETRY
• refers to those
expressions in verse,
with measure and
rhyme, line and
stanza and has a
more melodious
tone.
• refers to those
expressions in verse,
with measure and
rhyme, line and
stanza and has a
more melodious
tone.
DRAMA

21. I. PROSE
There are many types of prose. These include the
following:
Novels. A long narrative divided
into chapters and events are taken
from true-to-life stories.
Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE
DAWN by Stevan Javellana.

23. Legends.
These are fictitious narratives,
usually about origins.
Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by
Pio Duran

25. Fables.
• These are also fictitious, and
they deal with animals and
inanimate things that speak and
act like people and their purpose
is to enlighten the minds of
children to events that can mold
their ways and attitudes.
Example: THE MONKEY AND
THE TURTLE

27. Anecdotes.
These are merely products of
the writer’s imagination, and
the main aim is to bring out
lessons to the reader.
THE MOTH AND THE LAMP

29. Ang Tsinelas ni Rizal:
"Naalala ko pa noon kasalukuyang kaming nakasakay sa bangka
nang humulagpos ang isa kong tsinelas.Ang tsinelas ay ang gamit
namin sa pagpasok at pagpunta sa mga lakaran kung saan ang bakya
na gawasa kahoy ay hindi nararapat. Mabilis itong inanod sa tubig
bago ko nahabol para kunin. Malungkot akodahil iniisip ko ang aking
ina na magagalit dahil sa pagkawala ng aking tsinelas. Tiningnan ako
ngnagsasagwan nang kinuha ko ang aking isa pang tsinelas at dali dali
kong itinapon sa dagat, kasama angdasal na mahabol nito ang
kapares na tsinelas. "Bakit mo itinapon ang iyong isa pang tsinelas?"
tanongsa akin ng kasamahan ko sa bangka.
"Isang tsinelas ang nawala sa akin at walang silbi sa makakakita. Ang
isang tsinelas na nasa akin ay walaring silbi sa akin. Kung sino man
ang makakuha ng pares ng tsinelas ay magagamit niya ito sa
kaniyangpaglakad.Napatingin ulit sa akin ang mama. Marahil
naunawaan niya ang isang batang katulad ko."

30. Short story
This is a narrative involving one or
more characters, one plot and one
single impression.
Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY
FATHER by Carlos Bulosan

32. Essay
• This expresses the
viewpoint or opinion of
the writer about a
particular problem or
event. The best example of
this is the Editorial page of
a newspaper.

33. Biography
• This deals with the life of a
person which may be about
himself, his autobiography
or that of others.
Example: CAYETANO
ARELLANO by Socorro O.
Albert

34. News
This is a report of everyday
events in society, government,
science and industry, and
accidents, happening nationally
or not.

35. Oration
• This is a formal treatment
of a subject and is
intended to be spoken in
public. It appeals to the
intellect, to the will or to
the emotions of the
audience.

36. II. POETRY
literary work in which special intensity
is given to the expression of feelings
and ideas by the use of distinctive style
and rhythm; poems collectively or as a
genre of literature:

37. Philippine Poetry: It’s
Form, Language and
Speech
1. Senses and Images-
• Used by the writer too describe
their impressions of the topic or
the object of writing.
• The writer uses carefully chosen
and phrased words to create an
imagery that the reader can see
through her senses

38. •Sight-
•Sound-
•Touch-
•Smell-
•Taste -

39. 2. Diction
•Another important element
in the Filipino Poetry
•Diction is the denotative
and connotative meaning
of words in the poem

40. 3. Rhyme Scheme
•The way the author
arranges words, meters,
rhymes and stanza to
create a coherent sound
when the poem is read out
loud

43. 4. Structure
•the arrangement of words
and lines, either together or
apart. It also refers to the
way the interdependent
parts of it are organized to
form a whole poem.

44. Line Structure- a part of a poem or song
forming one row of written or printed words
•End-Stopped: When there is a break at the end
of a line, denoted by a comma, period,
semicolon, or other punctuation mark, that line
is end-stopped, and the effect of this is that a
brief pause is created between lines.

45. Goodbye to Leonor
And so it has arrived -- the fatal instant,
the dismal injunction of my cruel fate;
so it has come at last -- the moment, the date,
when I must separate myself from you.
Goodbye, Leonor, goodbye! I take my leave,
leaving behind with you my lover's heart!
Goodbye, Leonor: from here I now depart.
O Melancholy absence! Ah, what pain!

46. •Enjambment:
-is the continuation of a
sentence or clause over a
line-break; the thought runs
on from one line to the next.

47. Balete Tree
night rumbles over the unpaved road
press my eyes to the dark window
weave to myself, stories untold
of the creatures that sing and stomp past.
tangled branches of the balete tree
twine ‘round the limbs of ghostly children
I can only watch as the pale legends
fade on the shores of the North China Sea.
“mahal kita,” she says, along with a warning
do not be so bold to melt into the dark.
bow to the spirits, brush off their haunting
lest they cling to your sleep
or tear flesh apart.

48. Caesura:
A strong pause or stop within a line
is called a caesura. A caesura will
usually occur in the middle of a line
o poetry, but can occur towards the
beginning or the end of a line (but
not between lines).

49. Goodbye to Leonor
And so it has arrived -- the fatal instant,
the dismal injunction of my cruel fate;
so it has come at last -- the moment, the date,
when I must separate myself from you.
Goodbye, Leonor, goodbye! I take my leave,
leaving behind with you my lover's heart!
Goodbye, Leonor: from here I now depart.
O Melancholy absence! Ah, what pain!

50. Stanza structure- group of lines forming the
basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a
verse
group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse
2 lines-
3 lines
4 lines
5 lines
6 lines
7 lines
8 lines

51. 5. Word order
• is either the natural or the
unnatural arrangement of
words in a poem.
• A poet may use a word
grammatically or not—often
called as poetic license—and
may invent words, too.

52. • The boy tells you what white is in his native tongue?puti, like
sand,
like your skin, like the cobblestoned boulevards you have back
home.
You tell him there?s something about this island. You do not
know
what it is exactly, but you tell him it?s like home. He says this is
home.

53. LET’S TRY TO
ANALYZE POEM
GABU BY CARLOS ANGELES

54. GABU BY Carlos A. Angeles
WHO IS CARLOS ANGELES
Carlos Angeles was born on 25 May
1921 in Tacloban, Leyte.
He finished his undergraduate degree
in the University of the Philippines
and his work has been included in
poetry anthologies in the United
States.

55. Gabu
by Carlos Angeles
The battering restlessness of the sea
Insists a tidal fury upon the beach
At Gabu, and its pure consistency
Havocs the wasteland hard within its reach.
Brutal the daylong bashing of its heart
Against the seascape where, for miles around,
Farther than sight itself, the rock-stones part
And drop into the elemental wound.

56. The waste of centuries is grey and dead
And neutral where the sea has beached its
brine,
Where the split salt of its heart lies spread
Among the dark habiliments of Time.
The vital splendor misses. For here
At Gabu where the ageless tide recurs
All things forfeited are most loved and dear.
It is the sea pursues a habit of shores.

57. I. Narrative Poetry-
•This form describes
important events in
life either real or
imaginary.

58. A. Epic
This is an extended narrative
about heroic exploits often
under supernatural control.
Example: THE HARVEST
SONG OF ALIGUYON
translated in English by
Amador T. Daguio

59. • The term "Hudhud" of the Ifugaos, in general, refers to
narratives that are chanted or sung by tribal poets of Ifugao on
special occasions (that which is sung on the death of a rich or
prominent person, that which is sung when the ancestral bones
are dug out to be blessed, and that which is sung during the
harvest). The harvest songs are woven around a central motif
– the life of Aliguyon and Bugan.

60. B. Metrical Tale
• This is a narrative which is written in
verse
Examples: BAYANI NG BUKID by Al
Perez
HERO OF THE FIELDS by Al Perez

61. Bayani ng Bukid
ni: Alejandrino Q. Perez
Ako’y magsasakang bayani ng bukid
Sandata’y araro matapang sa init
Hindi natatakot kahit na sa lamig
Sa buong maghapon gumagawang pilit.
Ang kaibigan ko ay si Kalakian
Laging nakahanda maging araw-araw
Sa pag-aararo at paglilinang
Upang maihanda ang lupang mayaman
.

62. Ang haring araw di pa sumisikat
Ako’y pupunta na sa napakalawak
Na aking bukiring laging nasa hagap
At tanging pag-asa ng taong masipag.
Sa aking lupain doon nagmumula
Lahat ng pagkain nitong ating bansa
Ang lahat ng tao, mayaman o dukha
Sila’y umaasa sa pawis ko’t gawa.
Sa aking paggawa ang tangi kong hangad
Ang aki’y dumami ng para sa lahat
Kapag ang balana’y may pagkaing tiyak
Umaasa akong puso’y nagagalak.

63. At pagmasdan ninyo ang aking bakuran
Inyong makikita ang mga halaman
Dito nagmumula masarap na gulay
Paunang pampalakas sa ating katawan.
Sa aming paligid namamalas pa rin
Ang alagang hayop katulad ng kambing
Baboy, manok, pato’y alay ay pagkain
Nagdudulot lakas sa sariling atin.
•
Ako’y gumagawa sa bawat panahon
Na sa aking puso ang taos na layon
Na sa bawat tao, ako’y makatulong
At nang maiwasan ang pagkakagutom.
Ako’y magsasakang bayani ng bukid
Sandata’y araro matapang sa init
Hindi natatakot kahit na sa lamig
Sa buong maghapon gumagawang pilit.

64. C. Ballads.
• Of the narrative poems, this is
considered the shortest and simplest.
It has a simple structure and tells of a
single incident. There are also
variations of these: love ballads, war
ballads, and sea ballads, humorous,
moral, and historical or mythical
ballads. In the early time, this
referred to a song accompanying a
dance.

65. II. Lyric Poetry
Originally, this refers to that kind of
poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but now,
this applies to any type of poetry that
expresses emotions and feelings of
the poet. They are usually short,
simple and easy to understand.

66. A. Folksongs (Awiting
Bayan)
These are short poems intended to
be sung. The common theme is
love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope
and sorrow.
Example: CHIT-CHIRIT-CHIT

67. B. Sonnets.
• This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing
with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea.
These are two types
•
Example: SANTANG BUDS by
Alfonso P. Santos

68. C. Elegy
This is a lyric poem which
expresses feelings of grief and
melancholy, and whose theme is
death.
Example: THE LOVER‟S
DEATH by Ricaredo Demetillo

71. D. Psalms
(Dalit). This is a song
praising God or the
Virgin Mary and
containing a philosophy
of life.

73. E. Awit (Song).
These have measures of twelve syllables and
slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or
banduria.
Example: FLORANTE AT LAURA by Francisco
Balagtas

74. 7. Corridos
(Kuridos).
• These have measures of
eight syllables and recited
to a martial beat.
Example: IBONG
ADARNA

75. III. Dramatic
Poetry
A. Comedy. The word comedy comes from
the Greek term “komos” meaning festivity or
revelry. This form usually is light and written
with the purpose of amusing, and usually has
a happy ending.
B. Melodrama. This is usually used in
musical plays with the opera. It arouses
immediate and intense emotion and is
usually sad but there is a happy ending for
the principal character.

76. • c. Tragedy. This involves the hero
struggling mightily against dynamic
forces; he meets death or ruin without
success and satisfaction obtained by
the protagonist in a comedy.
d. Farce. This is an exaggerated
comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by
laughable lines; situations are too
ridiculous to be true; the characters
seem to be caricatures and the motives
undignified and absurd.

77. e. Social Poems.
• This form is either
purely comic or tragic
and it pictures the life
of today. It may aim to
bring about changes in
the social conditions.