The document discusses an innovative solution for urban mobility called the Driverless Unattended Metro. This system uses Unattended Train Operation (UTO) which allows metro trains to run fully automatically without any personnel onboard. This leads to significant cost savings for operators through reduced labor costs. It also improves reliability, flexibility, and passenger experience through more frequent trains and shorter wait times. Key advantages of UTO over conventional metros include lower operating costs, improved reliability and safety, increased transport capacity, and the ability to easily adjust service levels as demands change.
CAN networks are used in a wide variety of applications including passenger vehicles, public transportation, mobile machinery, industrial control systems, building automation, medical devices, and more. Some key application areas are engine management and body electronics in passenger cars, train controls, mobile equipment like agricultural machinery, industrial automation systems, and medical equipment. CAN provides real-time communication capabilities that make it suitable for many applications that require networked control of sub-systems.
Mr. stuart johnston leading with safety the path to excellenceimadhammoud
The document discusses leading with safety and excellence. It emphasizes that leadership is important for safety performance and outlines best practices for safety leadership, including having a compelling vision, credibility, action orientation, communication, collaboration, feedback and recognition, and accountability. It provides an example of how Behavioral Science Technology helped the Mass Transit Railway Corporation in Hong Kong improve safety on one of its lines by engaging employees to identify and manage safety exposures.
The document discusses driverless metro systems, including the first implementation in London in 1967 and fully driverless systems in 2003 in Singapore. It notes the growth of traffic congestion and need for more efficient public transit. Driverless metros require less energy, cause less pollution, and free up road space. Delhi's metro will be the first driverless system in India, running on certain lines by the end of 2016 using Unattended Train Operation (UTO) mode. While driverless metros improve reliability, safety, and reduce congestion, their implementation in India has faced high costs and underutilization of capacity.
This document provides an introduction to Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. It discusses Kevin Ashton who coined the term "Internet of Things" and his vision for using data to increase efficiency. Key enabling technologies for IoT like cheap sensors, bandwidth, processing and wireless coverage are outlined. Examples of IoT applications in various sectors like manufacturing, transportation, agriculture and smart cities are provided. The document also discusses challenges in making sense of the large amounts of data generated by IoT devices and the importance of a citizen-centric approach to building smart cities by leveraging crowdsourcing and citizen engagement.
The document discusses driverless, unattended metro systems as a solution that can satisfy the needs of both transit operators and passengers. It notes key operator needs like system availability, reliability, and cost savings, as well as passenger needs like short wait times, comfort, and safety. A driverless metro without on-board personnel is presented as a solution that meets all of these needs by allowing flexible operation, adjustable capacity, and lower maintenance costs while maintaining high performance, availability, and reliability. Examples are given of existing driverless metro lines in Copenhagen and their high levels of service availability over several years.
IRJET- Automatic Metro Train to Shuttle Between Two Stations IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development of an automatic metro train prototype that shuttles between two stations without a driver. The prototype uses an Arduino controller programmed to stop the train at each station based on signals from infrared sensors. It counts the number of passengers entering and exiting to ensure the train does not exceed capacity. When the train reaches a station, it automatically stops, opens the doors for a set time, then closes the doors and proceeds to the next station according to a predefined schedule. The goal is to develop a framework for a driverless train using sensors and a microcontroller that can safely and reliably transport passengers between stations.
The document discusses how air traffic management (ATM) can help reduce the environmental impacts of aircraft operations. It provides examples of ATM initiatives that aim to increase efficiency and reduce emissions, fuel use, and noise. These include optimized climb and descent profiles, cruise altitudes, and routing. The document also notes that while individual airports may experience capacity losses, disruptions can affect the entire ATM system. Future ATM improvements will be important as aircraft technology advances more slowly and environmental standards rise.
Mini Project presentation on Automated toll collection systemHimanshuDixit12852
**Automated Toll Collection System Description**
**Introduction:**
The Automated Toll Collection System (ATCS) is a modern solution designed to streamline toll collection processes at toll plazas. Traditional toll collection methods involve manual intervention, leading to congestion, delays, and potential errors. ATCS leverages advanced technologies to automate the toll collection process, enhancing efficiency, reducing congestion, and improving overall user experience.
**Key Components:**
1. **RFID Technology:** RFID tags are installed on vehicles, allowing for seamless identification as they pass through toll plazas. These tags contain unique identifiers linked to user accounts or vehicle information.
2. **RFID Readers:** Installed at toll booths, RFID readers scan and identify vehicles as they approach the toll plaza. These readers communicate with the backend system to retrieve user information and process transactions.
3. **Backend System:** The heart of the ATCS, the backend system manages user accounts, transaction processing, and data storage. It communicates with RFID readers, online payment gateways, and other components to ensure smooth operation.
4. **Online Payment Integration:** ATCS offers users the option to link their accounts to online payment platforms, facilitating automatic toll deduction. This integration enhances convenience and reduces the need for manual transactions.
5. **Data Analytics:** The system collects and analyzes real-time data on traffic flow, revenue collection, and system performance. This data is invaluable for authorities in making informed decisions regarding infrastructure planning and traffic management.
**Operation Workflow:**
1. **Vehicle Approach:** As a vehicle approaches the toll plaza, the RFID reader scans the RFID tag installed on the vehicle.
2. **Transaction Processing:** The RFID reader communicates with the backend system to retrieve user information and transaction details. If the user's account is linked to an online payment platform, the toll amount is automatically deducted.
3. **Gate Operation:** Upon successful transaction processing, the toll gate opens automatically, allowing the vehicle to pass through without stopping.
4. **Real-time Monitoring:** The backend system continuously monitors toll plaza activity, collecting data on traffic volume, revenue collection, and system performance. Automated alerts notify authorities of any anomalies or issues that require attention.
**Benefits:**
1. **Improved Efficiency:** ATCS reduces wait times and congestion at toll plazas, leading to smoother traffic flow and improved overall efficiency.
2. **Cost Savings:** By automating toll collection processes, ATCS reduces the need for manual intervention, leading to cost savings for toll operators.
3. **Enhanced User Experience:** Users benefit from the convenience of non-stop toll collection and online payment options, improving overall satisfaction.
CAN networks are used in a wide variety of applications including passenger vehicles, public transportation, mobile machinery, industrial control systems, building automation, medical devices, and more. Some key application areas are engine management and body electronics in passenger cars, train controls, mobile equipment like agricultural machinery, industrial automation systems, and medical equipment. CAN provides real-time communication capabilities that make it suitable for many applications that require networked control of sub-systems.
Mr. stuart johnston leading with safety the path to excellenceimadhammoud
The document discusses leading with safety and excellence. It emphasizes that leadership is important for safety performance and outlines best practices for safety leadership, including having a compelling vision, credibility, action orientation, communication, collaboration, feedback and recognition, and accountability. It provides an example of how Behavioral Science Technology helped the Mass Transit Railway Corporation in Hong Kong improve safety on one of its lines by engaging employees to identify and manage safety exposures.
The document discusses driverless metro systems, including the first implementation in London in 1967 and fully driverless systems in 2003 in Singapore. It notes the growth of traffic congestion and need for more efficient public transit. Driverless metros require less energy, cause less pollution, and free up road space. Delhi's metro will be the first driverless system in India, running on certain lines by the end of 2016 using Unattended Train Operation (UTO) mode. While driverless metros improve reliability, safety, and reduce congestion, their implementation in India has faced high costs and underutilization of capacity.
This document provides an introduction to Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. It discusses Kevin Ashton who coined the term "Internet of Things" and his vision for using data to increase efficiency. Key enabling technologies for IoT like cheap sensors, bandwidth, processing and wireless coverage are outlined. Examples of IoT applications in various sectors like manufacturing, transportation, agriculture and smart cities are provided. The document also discusses challenges in making sense of the large amounts of data generated by IoT devices and the importance of a citizen-centric approach to building smart cities by leveraging crowdsourcing and citizen engagement.
The document discusses driverless, unattended metro systems as a solution that can satisfy the needs of both transit operators and passengers. It notes key operator needs like system availability, reliability, and cost savings, as well as passenger needs like short wait times, comfort, and safety. A driverless metro without on-board personnel is presented as a solution that meets all of these needs by allowing flexible operation, adjustable capacity, and lower maintenance costs while maintaining high performance, availability, and reliability. Examples are given of existing driverless metro lines in Copenhagen and their high levels of service availability over several years.
IRJET- Automatic Metro Train to Shuttle Between Two Stations IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development of an automatic metro train prototype that shuttles between two stations without a driver. The prototype uses an Arduino controller programmed to stop the train at each station based on signals from infrared sensors. It counts the number of passengers entering and exiting to ensure the train does not exceed capacity. When the train reaches a station, it automatically stops, opens the doors for a set time, then closes the doors and proceeds to the next station according to a predefined schedule. The goal is to develop a framework for a driverless train using sensors and a microcontroller that can safely and reliably transport passengers between stations.
The document discusses how air traffic management (ATM) can help reduce the environmental impacts of aircraft operations. It provides examples of ATM initiatives that aim to increase efficiency and reduce emissions, fuel use, and noise. These include optimized climb and descent profiles, cruise altitudes, and routing. The document also notes that while individual airports may experience capacity losses, disruptions can affect the entire ATM system. Future ATM improvements will be important as aircraft technology advances more slowly and environmental standards rise.
Mini Project presentation on Automated toll collection systemHimanshuDixit12852
**Automated Toll Collection System Description**
**Introduction:**
The Automated Toll Collection System (ATCS) is a modern solution designed to streamline toll collection processes at toll plazas. Traditional toll collection methods involve manual intervention, leading to congestion, delays, and potential errors. ATCS leverages advanced technologies to automate the toll collection process, enhancing efficiency, reducing congestion, and improving overall user experience.
**Key Components:**
1. **RFID Technology:** RFID tags are installed on vehicles, allowing for seamless identification as they pass through toll plazas. These tags contain unique identifiers linked to user accounts or vehicle information.
2. **RFID Readers:** Installed at toll booths, RFID readers scan and identify vehicles as they approach the toll plaza. These readers communicate with the backend system to retrieve user information and process transactions.
3. **Backend System:** The heart of the ATCS, the backend system manages user accounts, transaction processing, and data storage. It communicates with RFID readers, online payment gateways, and other components to ensure smooth operation.
4. **Online Payment Integration:** ATCS offers users the option to link their accounts to online payment platforms, facilitating automatic toll deduction. This integration enhances convenience and reduces the need for manual transactions.
5. **Data Analytics:** The system collects and analyzes real-time data on traffic flow, revenue collection, and system performance. This data is invaluable for authorities in making informed decisions regarding infrastructure planning and traffic management.
**Operation Workflow:**
1. **Vehicle Approach:** As a vehicle approaches the toll plaza, the RFID reader scans the RFID tag installed on the vehicle.
2. **Transaction Processing:** The RFID reader communicates with the backend system to retrieve user information and transaction details. If the user's account is linked to an online payment platform, the toll amount is automatically deducted.
3. **Gate Operation:** Upon successful transaction processing, the toll gate opens automatically, allowing the vehicle to pass through without stopping.
4. **Real-time Monitoring:** The backend system continuously monitors toll plaza activity, collecting data on traffic volume, revenue collection, and system performance. Automated alerts notify authorities of any anomalies or issues that require attention.
**Benefits:**
1. **Improved Efficiency:** ATCS reduces wait times and congestion at toll plazas, leading to smoother traffic flow and improved overall efficiency.
2. **Cost Savings:** By automating toll collection processes, ATCS reduces the need for manual intervention, leading to cost savings for toll operators.
3. **Enhanced User Experience:** Users benefit from the convenience of non-stop toll collection and online payment options, improving overall satisfaction.
Presentation on Automatic Toll collection system using RFIDHimanshuDixit12852
Extensive research in the field underscores the importance of automated toll gate systems in enhancing traffic flow, reducing environmental impact, and optimizing revenue generation. Previous studies have highlighted the transformative potential of automation in toll collection, advocating for the adoption of innovative solutions like the ATGS.
This document describes an automatic railway gate control system with high-speed alerting. The system uses IR sensors to detect approaching and passing trains. When a train is detected approaching, the system activates an alarm to warn people and closes the railway gate. It then opens the gate once the train has passed through the 500m IR sensor. The system aims to provide unmanned and safer control of railway gates to prevent accidents at level crossings. It is built using IR sensors, motors, an alarm, LCD display, and a microcontroller for automated operation without human error.
Mathieu Melenchon, System Engineering Manager at SYSTRA, discusses the application of autonomous technology in trams; the challenges and opportunities that exist in designing tram systems for the future.
The document describes a semi-autonomous vehicle system using a Raspberry Pi and Arduino. The Raspberry Pi uses computer vision algorithms and a camera to detect lanes and traffic lights. It communicates via serial with an Arduino, which controls a motor driver and motors to move the vehicle. The goal is to allow the vehicle to drive itself while following traffic rules, responding to lights and avoiding collisions. The system is intended to help reduce accidents by taking over some driving tasks from human drivers.
1. The document proposes an automated industrial shopping vehicle robot that can deliver materials from a supply area to technicians on an assembly line.
2. The robot is directed by lines on the ground and can be accessed wirelessly by technicians in need of supplies. It is equipped with proximity sensors to stop if an obstacle is detected to avoid collisions with workers.
3. The proposed solution aims to improve efficiency over manual delivery of supplies by reducing delivery times and avoiding errors or delays from human delivery personnel.
This document discusses challenges in circuit testing for the automotive industry and how Agilent has addressed them. It outlines four main challenges: 1) larger boards and faster cycle times, 2) larger ICs with increased functionality, 3) mandatory on-board programming, and 4) worldwide deployment management. The document then explains how Agilent has solved these challenges through technologies like test point accessibility solutions, scalable testing platforms, and features that improve throughput.
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) uses radar and other sensors to detect vehicles ahead and maintain a safe following distance without requiring driver input. It works by detecting the distance and speed of other vehicles using radar and adjusting the vehicle's speed using the brake and throttle to keep a safe distance. Newer ACC systems fuse radar and camera sensors to better track vehicles. The controller processes sensor data and controls the engine or brakes. ACC allows more comfortable driving in traffic while increasing safety and fuel efficiency.
Model-Based Approaches for Railway Safety, Reliability & SecurityFrancesco Flammini
Invited Talk by Francesco Flammini at the 6th International Workshop on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (VECoS'12)
CNAM, Paris, France
August 27-28, 2012
co-located with
18th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM 2012)
http://fm2012.cnam.fr
The document provides an introduction to automation systems. It defines automation control systems and discusses fixed and programmable automation. There are three main types of control systems based on the supply source: pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical. Pneumatic systems use compressed air, hydraulic systems use fluid like oil, and electrical systems use electricity. Relays and contactors are also discussed, with relays used for smaller loads and contactors for larger loads like motors. Examples of how they are used in circuits are provided.
Shared Steering Control between a Driver and an Automation: Stability in the ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Now-a-days the Automatic control has been increasingly implemented for vehicle control system. Especially the steering control is essential for preventing accidents. In the existing systems there is no fully automatic steering control and it has serious problems. When it is made automatic, the system complexity is more. So, the shared steering concept is used in the proposed system to avoid accidents. In this, the position of the road is found using the web camera installed in front of the vehicle which is connected to the PC installed with MATLAB. Using MATLAB the image is processed to check the road characteristics. This paper presents an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for lane keeping, together with an analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behavior. The automotive ADAS proposed is designed to share control of the steering wheel with the driver in the best possible way. Its development was derived from an H2-Preview optimization control problem, which is based on a global driver–vehicle–road (DVR) system. The DVR model makes use of a cybernetic driver model to take into account any driver–vehicle interactions. Such a formulation allows 1) Considering driver assistance cooperation criteria in the control synthesis, 2) improving the performance of the assistance as a cooperative copilot, and 3) analyzing the stability of the whole system in the presence of driver model uncertainty. The developed assistance system improved lane-keeping performance and reduced the risk of a lane departure accident. Good results were obtained using several criteria for human–machine cooperation. Poor stability situations were successfully avoided due to the robustness of the whole system, in spite of a large range of driver model uncertainty.
This document summarizes the products and services offered by a Southern California provider of industrial automation products and services. It lists several automation component brands such as Compumotor, Daedal, and Trilogy. It also describes offerings such as standard AC motors, speed control systems, linear and rotary actuators, industrial sensors, and industrial safety systems. The document provides an overview of the company's capabilities in providing industrial automation solutions since 1985.
The document describes an automatic rain-operated wiper system for vehicles. It uses a conductive sensor to detect rain on the windshield and sends a control signal to activate the wiper motor. The major components are the sensor, control unit, battery, wiper motor, and relay. When rain is sensed, the control unit automatically turns on the wiper motor to clear water from the windshield. The system aims to provide low-cost automation to vehicles by removing the need for manual operation of wipers during rain.
This document describes a SCADA system for operating trains on Egyptian railways. It discusses replacing large control panels at railway control towers with a computerized control system. A hardware model is created using a microcontroller as the peripheral interface to control relays connected to railway components. A demonstrator program shows how different railway components like semaphores and tracks work under the controller. A design tool is also presented for creating railway stations, lines and components in a CAD program. The system aims to provide easy management of railways and improved notification of alarms.
This document describes a proposed SCADA system for operating trains on the Egyptian railways. A group of students and professors from Ain Shams University aim to develop a computerized control system to replace the large control panels currently used in railway control towers. The proposed system would monitor and control railway components like relays and semaphores from a centralized PC interface without changing existing infrastructure. It would offer benefits like easy management, clear customizable details, and improved alarm notifications. The students' project involves developing a hardware model, interface circuit, controller module, and demonstration to prove the concept.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Automatic Traction SystemIRJET Journal
The document proposes the design and implementation of an automatic traction system for trains. It discusses how earlier traction systems relied on hand signals which led to accidents from human error. The proposed system aims to make trains driverless using sensors and automatic control of speed and doors. It describes different grades of automation from GOA-1 requiring a driver to GOA-4 being fully unattended. The system would use a Raspberry Pi and Arduino controller along with sensors like ultrasonic, smoke and vibration sensors. It provides block diagrams of the system and components. It also outlines the expected outcomes like starting, stopping and door operation without human intervention along with safety features to stop the train if sensors detect issues.
Adrian Pearmine of DKS Associates presented at Drive Oregon's October 2015 event. He highlighted new modes of mobility that are anticipated to transform our transportation system and discussed best practices for private and municipal planners to use when planning for these changes.
This document describes an automated car washing system that uses a programmable logic controller (PLC). It consists of multiple stations for cleaning, rinsing with water, applying soap, rinsing again, and drying. Sensors detect when a car reaches each station and the PLC controls motors and pumps to move the car between stations and operate the cleaning processes. The PLC allows the system to run automatically without human operators, saving time and labor costs compared to manual car washing. PLCs provide benefits like flexible input/output, small size, modularity, and ability to program automated sequences of operations for systems like this car wash.
Mr. craig tengström kuwait metro and railimadhammoud
The document summarizes T-Track, a pre-cast modular ballast-less track system developed in South Africa. It has been installed in several countries for various rail applications. Key points include:
- T-Track was originally developed to address drainage issues in mines and has evolved into a pre-cast system with capital and life cycle cost benefits over ballasted track.
- Installations have occurred in several African and Middle Eastern countries, as well as North America and Australia.
- The system provides benefits such as reduced earthworks, mitigation of flooding, simple cabling and third rail designs, and reduction of stray currents.
- T-Track has been proven in desert environments in Saudi Arabia since 2008
Dr. kim jraiw the economics of rail and metro developmentimadhammoud
The Economics of Rail and Metro Development discusses the importance of cities and efficient transport systems. Cities are integral to economic growth but also face challenges like congestion, accidents, and pollution. A sustainable transport system is needed to support economic development, enhance quality of life, and ensure safety. Public transport like rail and metro can help achieve these goals when integrated, high-capacity, and provide fast, convenient service. Successful systems require long-term strategic planning and adequate funding.
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Extensive research in the field underscores the importance of automated toll gate systems in enhancing traffic flow, reducing environmental impact, and optimizing revenue generation. Previous studies have highlighted the transformative potential of automation in toll collection, advocating for the adoption of innovative solutions like the ATGS.
This document describes an automatic railway gate control system with high-speed alerting. The system uses IR sensors to detect approaching and passing trains. When a train is detected approaching, the system activates an alarm to warn people and closes the railway gate. It then opens the gate once the train has passed through the 500m IR sensor. The system aims to provide unmanned and safer control of railway gates to prevent accidents at level crossings. It is built using IR sensors, motors, an alarm, LCD display, and a microcontroller for automated operation without human error.
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1. The document proposes an automated industrial shopping vehicle robot that can deliver materials from a supply area to technicians on an assembly line.
2. The robot is directed by lines on the ground and can be accessed wirelessly by technicians in need of supplies. It is equipped with proximity sensors to stop if an obstacle is detected to avoid collisions with workers.
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Adaptive cruise control (ACC) uses radar and other sensors to detect vehicles ahead and maintain a safe following distance without requiring driver input. It works by detecting the distance and speed of other vehicles using radar and adjusting the vehicle's speed using the brake and throttle to keep a safe distance. Newer ACC systems fuse radar and camera sensors to better track vehicles. The controller processes sensor data and controls the engine or brakes. ACC allows more comfortable driving in traffic while increasing safety and fuel efficiency.
Model-Based Approaches for Railway Safety, Reliability & SecurityFrancesco Flammini
Invited Talk by Francesco Flammini at the 6th International Workshop on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (VECoS'12)
CNAM, Paris, France
August 27-28, 2012
co-located with
18th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM 2012)
http://fm2012.cnam.fr
The document provides an introduction to automation systems. It defines automation control systems and discusses fixed and programmable automation. There are three main types of control systems based on the supply source: pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical. Pneumatic systems use compressed air, hydraulic systems use fluid like oil, and electrical systems use electricity. Relays and contactors are also discussed, with relays used for smaller loads and contactors for larger loads like motors. Examples of how they are used in circuits are provided.
Shared Steering Control between a Driver and an Automation: Stability in the ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Now-a-days the Automatic control has been increasingly implemented for vehicle control system. Especially the steering control is essential for preventing accidents. In the existing systems there is no fully automatic steering control and it has serious problems. When it is made automatic, the system complexity is more. So, the shared steering concept is used in the proposed system to avoid accidents. In this, the position of the road is found using the web camera installed in front of the vehicle which is connected to the PC installed with MATLAB. Using MATLAB the image is processed to check the road characteristics. This paper presents an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for lane keeping, together with an analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behavior. The automotive ADAS proposed is designed to share control of the steering wheel with the driver in the best possible way. Its development was derived from an H2-Preview optimization control problem, which is based on a global driver–vehicle–road (DVR) system. The DVR model makes use of a cybernetic driver model to take into account any driver–vehicle interactions. Such a formulation allows 1) Considering driver assistance cooperation criteria in the control synthesis, 2) improving the performance of the assistance as a cooperative copilot, and 3) analyzing the stability of the whole system in the presence of driver model uncertainty. The developed assistance system improved lane-keeping performance and reduced the risk of a lane departure accident. Good results were obtained using several criteria for human–machine cooperation. Poor stability situations were successfully avoided due to the robustness of the whole system, in spite of a large range of driver model uncertainty.
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Eng. issam chehimi part 1 the driverless unattended metro
1. An innovative solution for urban mobility:
Part 1 - The Driverless Unattended Metro
Issam CHEHIMI
GCC Manager
1
2. Main Urban Mass Transit Operators and Passengers needs
Operators Needs Passengers needs
Operation & Short
Maintenance System Availability Waiting Time
Cost savings and Reliability and Punctuality
Operation Environmental Comfort
Flexibility Care
Adjustable No Interferences
Efficiency with
Transport
Capacity Urban Traffic
Attractiveness
of
Safety
Public Transport
2
3. A Solution….
The Driverless Metro without personnel on board
Unattended Train Operation (UTO)
3
4. UTO: a Solution to satisfy both Operators and Passenger needs
Environmental
System Availability Care Adjustable
and Reliability Transport
Capacity
Operation &
Short
Maintenance
Waiting Time
Cost savings
and Punctuality
Operation Comfort
Flexibility
Efficiency Safety
Attractiveness No Interferences
of Public With
Transport Urban Traffic
4
5. Operating modes and level of automation
Mass Transit Train Station Door Failure
Movement Stop Closing Recovery
System
Conventional Manual: driver, no onboard
ATP and presence of wayside signals Conventional
Manual
Driver Driver Driver Driver
Conventional CAB Signalling: driver,
onboard ATP with protection signal aspects
displayed in the driver’s cab Conventional
Cab (ATP)
Driver Driver Driver Driver
Conventional Semi-Automatic Train
Operation (STO): driver, onboard ATP and
ATO, with semi-automatic driving, limited Conventional
actions required by driver (open/close (ATP-ATO)
Automatic Automatic Driver Driver
doors, failure management)
Driverless Train Operation (DTO): Fully On-board
On- On-board
On-
automatic, attendant provides customer Driverless Automatic Automatic
attendant attendant
care and failure management (i.e. London
Docklands)
Unattended Train Operation (UTO): Fully Driverless Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic
Unattended
automatic, no onboard staff at all, optional
roving attendants (i.e. Copenhagen,
Thessaloniki, Brescia, Taipei, Rome C,
5 Milan 5, Riyadh, etc…)
6. Operating modes and level of automation
Mass Transit Train Station Door Failure
System Movement Stop Closing Recovery
Conventional
Manual
Driver Driver Driver Driver
Conventional
Cab (ATP)
Driver Driver Driver Driver
Conventional
(ATP-ATO)
Automatic Automatic Driver Driver
On-board
On- On-board
On-
Driverless Automatic Automatic
attendant attendant
Driverless Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic
Unattended
6
7. Main advantages of Driverless Unattended Metro vs Conventional
Lower O&M expenditure due to a significant decreasing of the staff, as drivers and on
board personnel are not required
There are additional savings in operating costs, since the system is operated in compliance
to an optimum fully automated specification reduction of energy consumption, components
wearing, spare parts, etc…
Trains can be shorter (no cabs) and run more frequently without increase expenditure for
staff
The metro Operators are able to often and easily vary the service frequency to meet
sudden and unexpected transport demands, without increasing the staff costs
High level of performance, availability and reliability. Headway down to 75s. The
attractiveness of public transport is increased
High quality of service with high frequencies, even when the tickets incomes don’t justify
the operation, without increasing the staff costs
Driverless metros are safer than conventional (most rail accidents are caused by human
errors)
Large benefits in terms of safety and comfort thanks to the Platform Screen Doors
Train turnover time at terminals is extremely short as trains go into the holding track and
returns immediately reducing the fleet size needed for operation and consequent savings
in terms of investment and maintenance costs
7
8. Driverless Unattented Metro main features
The Driverless Unattended metro assures high performances, from technical to transportation
point of view.
Service around the clock (24h/day 7days/week)
Min service headway 75 s
2 cars train length 29 m to 38.5 m
3 cars train length 39 m to 55 m
4 cars train length 50 m to 78 m
6 cars train length 80 m to 108 m
Train width 2.65 m / 2.85 m
2 to 4 doors per car per side
Aluminum bodyshell
IGBT traction inverter
under body equipment easy maintenance
Min curve radius 50 m
Max speed 90 km/h
Train Capacity (6p/m2 – train 3 to 6 cars) 434 to 1.200 pass
Max system transport capacity (6p/m2 – train 3 to 6 cars) 20,832 to 57,600 pphpd
8
9. Performance Parameters - Service Availability (Copenhagen M1/M2)
2010 Service
Availability
year average:
98,4%
98,0% Contractual Target
Service Availability Formula: (1 – (missed departures / planned departures))*100
9
10. From Integrator to Full System Approach
Power Rolling Integrator: The transportation system is
Signalling
Supply
Telecom
… Stock conceived just assembling a certain number of
technologies. It has low performances and it’s not
suitable for high technology and complex applications
System Approach: since the beginning of
Civil Power Rolling design phase, the Transportation System is
Works
Signalling
Supply
Telecom
… Stock conceived as a whole and each technology gain
benefits. The overall system performances are higher
then achievable through a simple integration
Civil Rolling
System/Safety Approach:
Power
Works
Signalling
Supply
Telecom
… Stock System Approach should focus on safety for more
reliable, safe and with higher performance than a
generic System Approach
Extended System Approach:
Extend the system approach, taking into account
Civil Power Rolling the specific O&M needs and criticalities since the
Works
Signalling
Supply
Telecom
… Stock
O&M
beginning of the concept and design phase
10
11. Civil Power Rolling Full System Approach: in order
Works
Signalling
Supply
Telecom
… Stock
O&M
to effectively answer to all the transportation
solutions market needs, it is important to
improve the System conception from the
Extended to the Full System Approach,
taking into account all the possible
transportation system’s External
External Constraints* Constraints during all the project’s phases
(from design to O&M)
• Viability/environmental impact
• Pollution/CO2 reduction
• Eco-sustainability
• Energy saving requirements
• Extreme climatic conditions With this new vision the, transportation systems are
• Particular security
not just the solutions to the traffic congestion but are a
requirements
* • Urban development needs
living part of the city answering to the passenger and
• Passenger/Operators needs not operators needs of today and tomorrow
strictly related to system
performances
• Video-analytics
• Alarm management
• And much more…
11
13. Attractiveness for passengers
Millions of Passengers
Increased level of
Driverless Unattended Metro public transport
attractiveness
13
14. Exemple of unattended Metro in the GCC:
Princess Noura University for Women
The first Driverless Unattended Metro in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
In the North of the Saudi Capital Riyadh, a huge site is under construction in order to
host the biggest University in the world in one single site.
The PNU-APM, is a 11.5 km of high technology serving the whole campus of the
university and enabling the students to access easily to each part of the campus
(faculties, housing, recreation areas, etc…). The line is completely on viaduct, has 14
stations and is characterized by a central loop of 6 km.
14
15. Riyadh PNU-APM main features
Features
Line length: 11.5 km viaduct
Min Headway: 90 s
Stations: 14
Station platform length: 35 m
Train capacity (2.5 p/m2): 110 pass
Line capacity (2.5 p/m2): 4.400 pphpd
11.5
Fleet: 22 (2 car) trains of 29m 14
Commercial speed: 24 km/h
Max speed: 60 km/h
single viaduct with
Civil work structure:
double tracks
Maintenance & Storage
1 (Area: ≈ 100,000 m2)
Facility:
Third rail power supply: 750 Vdc
Under construction, soon in operation
15
16. Thank You for attention…
Global Resources
Local Response
Complete Transportation Solutions
Issam CHEHIMI
GCC Manager
16